Automatic Covid 19 Infected Chest X Ray Image Classification using Support Vector Machine
Oral radiology II. X-Ray Machine The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tube B) cone and...
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Transcript of Oral radiology II. X-Ray Machine The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tube B) cone and...
![Page 1: Oral radiology II. X-Ray Machine The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tube B) cone and accessories 2) Control panel and timer 3) Adjusting arm.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110403/56649e5e5503460f94b577c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Oral radiology II
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X-Ray Machine
The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tubeB) cone and accessories2) Control panel and timer3) Adjusting arm
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INTRAORAL X-RAY FILM
Periapical View
Bitewing View
Occlusal View
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Periapical View
Periapical View Film packs corne in three sizes:
0 for small children (22 X 35mm)
1, which is relatively narrow and used for views of the anterior teeth (24 X40mm)
2, the standard film size used for adults (31 X 41 mm)
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Processing X-Ray Film
Manual processing
Rapid processing chemicals
Automatic Film Processing
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MANUAL PROCESSING
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Developer – water - fixer
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Automatic Film Processing
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GENERAL STEPS FOR MAKINGAN EXPOSURE
Greet and seat the patient. Adjust the x-ray unit setting. position the tube head. Wash hands thoroughly. Examine the oral cavity. Position the film. position the x-ray tube. Make the exposure.
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Factors Affecting Quality of Image
Factors affecting the image are related to:
1. Machine
2. Object
3. Film
4. Processing of film
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Periapical X-rays
show the whole tooth -- from the crown to beyond the end of the root to where the tooth is anchored in the jaw. Each periapical X-ray shows this full tooth dimension and includes all the teeth in one portion of either the upper or lower jaw. Periapical X-rays are used to detect any abnormalities of the root structure and surrounding bone structure
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Two intraoral projection techniques are commonly used for periapical radiography:
the paralleling technique and
the bisecting-angle technique
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The vertical angulations
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Horizontal angulations
Incisors /0/ Mandibular canine /45/
Maxillary canine /60-75/
Premolars/70-80/
Molars/80-90/
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Maxillary Incisors
A - Nasal septum
B - Inferior concha
C - Nasal fossa
D - Nasal spine
E - Incisive foramen
F – Nose
G - Median palatine suture
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Incisive foramen
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Nasal septum
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Maxillary Canine
A = Floor of nasal fossa
B = Maxillary sinus
C = Lateral fossa
D = Nose
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a = floor of nasal fossa b = maxillary sinus
c = lateral fossa a & b form inverted Y
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Maxillary Premolar
A = Sinus recess
B = Sinus septum
C = Zygomatic Process
D = Maxillary sinus
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a = Zygomatic Processb = sinus recessc = sinus septumd = maxillary sinus
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Maxillary Molar
��A- Zygoma
B - Maxillary sinus
C - Sinus recess
D - Maxillary tuberosity
E - Coronoid process
F - Hamular Process
G - Pterygoid plate
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a = maxillary tuberosity* b = coronoid process
c = hamular process d = pterygoid platese = zygoma (dotted lines)f = maxillary sinus g = sinus recess
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Mandibular Incisors
A = Mental fossa
B = Lingual foramen
C = Genial tubercles
D = Mental ridge
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Lingual foramen. Radiolucent “hole” in center of genial tubercles. Lingual nutrient vessels pass through this foramen
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Mandibular Canine
A = Mental ridge
B = Lingual foramen
C = Genial tubercles
D = Cortical bone
E = Mental foramen
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Mandibular Premolar
A = Mylohyoid ridge
B = Submandibular gland fossa
C = Mandibular canal
D = Mental foramen
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The mental foramen (blue arrow) is adjacent to a periapical lesion associated with tooth # 21 (red arrow). There is slight external resorption on # 21
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Mandibular Molar
A = External oblique ridge
B = Mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique)
C = Submandibular gland fossa
D = Mandibular canal
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a = external oblique ridge b = mylohyoid ridge
c = mandibular canal d = submandibular gland fossa
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Radiation Safety & Protection
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