Oral Flora

7/31/2019 Oral Flora

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Oral Flora


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ORAL GM +VE BACTERIA

Rods Cocci

Spore forming Non-spore forming

Facultative Anaerobic Facultative Anaerobic Aerobic facultative Anaerobic

Aerobic Anaerobic Catalase +ve Catalase -ve


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GRAM +VE RODS

Facultative to Anaerobic Non spore forming

RodsGENUS ACTINOMYCES Irregular rods, club shaped, curved or bent

May be short (1.5 to 5 ) or longer

Filaments 5 to 50 long often show branching

Arranged singly or in pairs, in short chains or clumps

Facultative anaerobic, require CO2 for optimum growth

Major site of colonization oral cavity

Cause extensive alveolar bone loss and caries in experimental animals

Little evidence of pathogenesis in human

Associated with gingivitis and in facilitating colonization of plaque by gmve organisms


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ACTINOMYCES GEORGIAE

Cells occurs in pairs or in short chains

Rarely show branching Isolated from human gingival crevices

ACTINOMYCES ISRAELII

Named after James Israel, who first isolate it Grow best anaerobically

Found to increase significantly in supra gingival plaque as non bleeding gingivitis

developed in experimental animals

Older plaque A. israelii was the dominant species

ACTINOMYCES MEYERI Cells are usually short

Anaerobic

Principal habitat- human gingival sulcus


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ACTINOMYCES NAESLUNDII Causes actinomycotic lesions

Can produce periodontal disease in experimental animals

Causes extensive loss of alveolar bone

No clear association with human periodontal disease

ACTINOMYCES ODONTOLYTICUS Meanstooth dissolving

Major site of colonization- calculus and dental plaque

Deep carious lesion

ACTINOMYCES VISCOSUS Means- sticky

Primary habitat- oral cavity

Isolated from spontaneously occuring periodontal disease

Found to increase in supragingival plaque in experimental animal


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GENUS PROPIOBACTERIUM

Cells are irregular rods

0.5 to 0.8 X 1 to 5

Coccal, diptheroid or pleomorphic, occasionally branched

Vary from anaerobic to aerotolerant

P.acnes, P. ovidum, P. propionicus colonize supra and sub gingival plaque

P.acnes. P. avidum have been isolated from endodontic infectionsand periodontal

pockets

P. acne is associated with progressive periodontal disease

Exact mode of pathogenesis is not clear


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GENUS LACTOBACILLUS

Means- small rods from milk

Usually large, regular , rods

0.5 to 1 X 1.5 to 5

Cells often grow in chains

Few are motile with peritrichous flagella

Grow optimally under anaerobic condition

Liable to grow under low o2 concentration if supplimented with 5- 10% CO2

Not important pathogen

Occasionally associated with clinical conditions

Out of 45 species only 3 are isolated from oral cavity


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LACTOBACILLUS ORIS Means- of the mouth

Rods, 0.8 to 1 X 2 to 4

Occuring singly/ in p[airs/ or in chains

Non motile

Faculatatively anaerobic

Isolated from human saliva

No known pathogenic involvement

LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM Means- of the plant

Rods with rounded ends 0.9 to 1.2 X 3 to 8

Occuring singly/ in pairs or in chains

Isolated form human saliva

LACTOBACILLUS SALIVARIUS Means- salivary

Rod shaped, regular with round ends

0.6 to 0.9 X 1.5 to 5

occur singly or in chains Often isolated from saliva


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Aerobic to Facultative non spore forming

Gram positive Rods

GENUS ROTHIA

ROTHIA DENTOCARIOSA

Means- tooth decaying

Coccoid to irregular . Diptheroid or pleomorphic rods

Occurs singly or in clumps or in chains

Non motile, faculatatively anaerobic

Colonises supragingival plaque

Found I saliva

Opportunistic pathogen


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GENUS CORYNEBACTERIUM

Means- club shaped

Vary from short rods to longer filamentous forms Non motile non spore forming

Usually faculatatively anaerobic, some species are aerobic

CORYMEBACTREUM MATRUCHOTII

Characteristic whip handle morphology

Under aerobic conditions filamentous cells develos branching

Colony molar tooth typeraised

Facultatively anaerobic, growth stimulated by CO2 Major habitat- dental plaque

No involvement in pathogenesis of caries and periodontal disease


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Anaerobic non spore forming rods

GENUS BIFIDOBACTERIUM Cell morphology varies

Short regular rods, irregular longer rods,bent with curved and bifurcated ends and

branching

Non motile, do not forms spores

Anaerobic- few species are capnophilic

Isolated from dental plaque

Pathogenecity is unknown

BIFIDOBACTERIUM DENTICUM Means of the teeth

Cells do not have distinctive morphology

Stricly anaerobic

Colonizes carious lesions

No oral clinical pathogenecity has been demonstrated


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GENUS EUBACTERIUM

Means beneficial bacterium

Cellular morphology- regular to irregular rods

Swollen, curved or bent

Occurs in chains

Motile non spore forming

Strictly anaerobic

Out of 36 species 6 has been isolated from oral cavity


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EUBACTERIUM ALACYTOLYTICUM

Cells are 0.3 to 0.6X 1.6 to 7.5

Normally in pairs with gull wings appearance Colonizes dental plaque, periodontl pockets and root canals

Also been isolated from oral abscess

EUBACTERIUM YURII

Form characteristic test tube brush appearance

Cella are regular rods with rounded ends

Motile by means of single polar flagellum

Isolated from subgingival plaque of both shallow and deep pockets


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Oral Flora

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