Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 1 Chapter 2 Overview of Database...
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Transcript of Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 1 Chapter 2 Overview of Database...
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 1
Chapter 2Overview of Database
Administrator (DBA) Tools
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 2
Objectives
Identify the main DBA tools in the Oracle9i software suite
Configure Oracle Net to connect to the database
List the memory and background process components of the database instance
Start using the Enterprise Manager
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 3
Overview of DBA tools
Tools can be started from the console or as stand-alone components.
Important tools to know: • Database Configuration Assistant
• Enterprise Manager Console
• Log Miner
• Net Manager and Net Configuration Assistant
• SQL*Plus and SQL*Plus Worksheet
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 4
Overview of DBA tools
Important operating system commands:
Tool name UNIX command Windows command
Enterprise Manager console
oemapp console oemapp.bat console
SQL*Plus sqlplus <user>/<pwd> sqlplus <user>/<pwd>
Net Manager netmgr netmgr
SQL*Plus Worksheet
oemapp worksheet oemapp.bat worksheet
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 5
Configuring Oracle Net: Architecture
Oracle Net must be configured on both the client and the server when using Oracle tools on the client side.
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 6
Configuring Oracle Net: Architecture
Three methods of connecting:Oracle NetJDBC thin driverBequeath protocol
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 7
Configuring Oracle Net: Net Manager
Use Net Manager to configure Oracle Net
A service name defines the database’s name, location, and listening port
Net Manager contains a wizard to configure a new service name
The file tnsnames.ora stores Oracle Net configuration settings
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 8
Oracle Memory and Background Processes: Connecting to a Shared Server
Red lines trace the path between the client and the instance
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 9
Oracle Memory and Background Processes: Connecting to a Dedicated Server
Red lines trace the path between the client and the instance
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 10
Oracle Memory : PGA & SGA
The PGA has private areas for each application
The SGA is allocated when the instance starts up
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 11
Oracle Memory : SGA Components
The shared pool stores parsed SQL commands for possible reuse
The buffer cache stores data blocks read from the datafiles
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 12
Oracle Memory: SGA Components
The cursor pool is optional and provides extra memory for program cursors
The redo log buffer stores all changes to data before the changes are written to the datafiles
The large pool is optional and adds more memory for better response time
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 13
Background Processes: PMON & SMON
PMON (Process Monitor) cleans up remaining resourcesafter the server and user processes end
SMON (System Monitor) handles recovery if needed, cleans up old temporary tables, and restores space
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 14
Background Processes: DBWn & CKPT
DBWn (Database Writer) writes modified buffers to the datafiles
CKPT (Checkpoint Process) signals the DBWn process and assigns SCN
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 15
Background Processes: ARCn & LGWR
ARCn (Archiver) copies redo log files to archive log files
LGWR (Log Writer) writes redo log buffers to the redo log files
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 16
Background Processes: RECO & LMS
RECO (Recoverer Process) fixes errors if changes across distributed databases fail
LMS (Lock Manager Service) handles updates that affect data in multiple clustered databases
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 17
Introducing Enterprise Manager
Central clearinghouse of DBA tools
Windows-like interface with little or no SQL coding required
Centered around the Enterprise Manager console
Optionally, uses the Enterprise Management Server
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 18
Enterprise Manager console
Important features
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 19
Enterprise Manager: Instance Manager
Instance Manager handles these tasks (and more):
Setting initialization parameters
Starting and shutting down the database
Monitoring and adjusting memory usage
Locating redo log files
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 20
Enterprise Manager: Schema Manager
Schema Manager handles these tasks (and more):
Adding and removing columns on tables or views
Creating new tables, indexes, views, and object types
Adding constraints to tables
Viewing statistics on tables
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 21
Enterprise Manager: Security Manager
Security Manager handles these tasks (and more):
Creating new users and roles
Changing user passwords
Assigning and revoking user privileges
Adjusting user storage quotas
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 22
Enterprise Manager: Storage Manager
Storage Manager handles these tasks (and more):
Creating new tablespaces
Adjusting size of data files
Taking tablespaces offline
Monitoring storage usage
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 23
Chapter Summary
Oracle’s DBA tools are available inside the Enterprise Manager console or stand-alone
Oracle Net is the most common way to communicate between client and database server
Other methods of communicating are JDBC driver and Bequeath protocol
Net Manager provides a tool for configuring Oracle Net
The tnsnames.ora file stores Oracle Net configuration information
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 24
Chapter Summary Database servers are either in shared server
mode or dedicated mode
User processes and server processes handle connections and user sessions
Oracle memory is made up of the PGA and the SGA
The PGA has private areas for each application
The SGA is part of the database instance
Oracle9i Database Administrator: Implementation and Administration 25
Chapter Summary The SGA stores data blocks read from the
data files and stores changed data blocks
The background processes run the database functions such as reading and writing datafiles
The Enterprise Manager console is the center of Oracle’s DBA tool set
The console can run stand-alone or as part of the Enterprise Management Server