Oracle Multitenant - Oracle Ankara Day 2014
-
Upload
mahir-m-quluzade -
Category
Technology
-
view
447 -
download
2
Transcript of Oracle Multitenant - Oracle Ankara Day 2014
December 23, 2014
Oracle MultitenantMahir M. Quluzade
2 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Mahir M. Quluzade
AZEROUG (Azerbaijan Oracle User Group)
TROUG (Turkish Oracle User Group)
OCE, RAC 11g and Grid infrastructure
OCP Database 11g Administrator
OCE Database SQL
Author of OTech Magazine and OTN Articles
Central Bank - Oracle DBA
Oracle Blog : http//www.mahir-quluzade.com
3 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database
Multitenant Architecture
Capabilities Enabled
Multitenant new features (12.1.0.2)
Managing Shared Resources
Upgrading to Multitenant
4 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Oracle Database Architecture
Oracle Instance
– SGA & PGA
– Background Processes
Oracle Database
– Control Files
– Data Files
– Redo Logs (Online and Archived)
– Parameter and Password file
Pre-12c Oracle Database
5 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Oracle Database Architecture
Requires memory, processes and database files
System Resources
6 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
New Multitenant Architecture
Memory and processes required at multitenant container level onlySystem Resources
7 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
New Multitenant Architecture
Memory and processes required at multitenant container level onlySystem Resources
8 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Increasing ConsolidationOracle Database 12c
Schema Consolidation Multitenant Database
9 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database
Multitenant Architecture
Capabilities Enabled
Multitenant new features (12.1.0.2)
Managing Shared Resources
Upgrading to Multitenant
10 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Multitenant Architecture
Components of a Multitenant Container Database (CDB)
Pluggable Databases (PDBs)
PDBs
Root
CDB
create database …
enable pluggable database
Create CDB
create pluggable database …
Create PDB
11 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Multitenant Architecture
Multitenant architecture can currently
support up to 252 PDBs
A PDB feels and operates identically to a
non-CDB
You cannot tell, from the viewpoint of a
connected client, if you’re using a PDB or
a non-CDB
Database
Link
12 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Unplug / plug
Simply unplug from the old CDB…
13 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Unplug / plug
Moving between CDBs is a simple case
of moving a PDB’s metadata
An unplugged PDB carries with it lineage,
opatch, encryption key info etc
…and plug in to the new CDB…
14 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Unplug / plug
Example
alter pluggable database HCM
unplug into '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/…/hcm.xml'
create pluggable database My_PDB
using '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/…/hcm.xml'
Plug
Unplug
15 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Common Data Dictionary
Before 12.1: dilution over time
Database Created
Data D
ictio
nary
User Data
Meta D
ata
Mature Database
Data D
ictio
nary
User Data
Meta D
ata
Tables, Code, Data added
Data D
ictio
nary
User Data
Meta D
ata
16 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Data Dictionary Architecture in a CDB
Oracle Database 12c
OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$
…
EMP DEPT
…
OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$
…
root
Database Metadata Only
PDBUser Metadata Only User Data
Meta
da
ta L
ink
s
Oracle Database stores metadata about
dictionary objects only in the root
– PDB uses Metadata Link to point to the
definition of object stored in the root
The data corresponding to a metadata link
resides in its PDB
17 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Multitenant Architecture – Dynamics
PDBs share common SGA and
background processes
Foreground sessions see only
the PDB they connect to
18 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Files in the CDB
Each PDB has its own set of tablespaces
including SYSTEM and SYSAUX
PDBs share UNDO, REDO
and control files, (s)pfile
By default the CDB has a single TEMP
tablespace but PDBs may create their
own
Namespaces
19 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Users Local users are the successors for
customer-created users in a non-CDB
A local user is defined only in a PDB
A local user can administer a PDB
A common user is defined in the root
and is represented in every PDB
A common user can log into any PDB
where it has “Create Session” and can
therefore administer a PDB
The Oracle system is owned by
common users
20 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Common Users and Privileges
A common user can be granted privileges locally in a PDB (or root)
and therefore differently in each container
A common user can, alternatively, be granted a system privilege
commonly – the grant is made in root and every PDB, present and
future
You can create a common role
A common role can be granted to a common user commonly
Authorization is checked in the container where the SQL is attempted
considering only the privileges that the user has in that container
Authorization is checked in the same way as as pre-12.1
21 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud
Multitenant Architecture
Capabilities Enabled
Multitenant new features (12.1.0.2)
Managing Shared Resources
Upgrading to Multitenant
22 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Manage Many as One with Multitenant
Backup databases as one; recover at pluggable database level
One Backup
Point-in-time recovery
At pluggable database level
23 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Manage Many as One with Multitenant
One standby database covers all pluggable databases
24 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Multitenant for Simplified Patching
Apply changes once, all pluggable databases updated
Upgrade
in-place
25 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Multitenant for Upgrades
Flexible choice when patching & upgrading databases
26 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Multitenant for Provisioning
PDBs can be cloned from
remote CDBs
PDBs can be cloned from
within the same CDB
Fast cloning of PDBs
27 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Cloning a PDB
Example
create pluggable database HCMBI from HCM
create pluggable database HCMBI from [email protected]
Remote (DB Link)
Local
28 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Per PDB vs per CDB
Common operations on CDB with granular control where appropriate
Single Oracle Software Version
Data Guard
Scheduled RMAN Backups
Some parameters/properties
e.g. homogeneous character set
Redo and Undo
RMAN point-in-time recovery
Ad hoc RMAN backups
Flush shared pool
Parameters where
IsPDB_Modifiable = 'TRUE'
Per CDB Per PDB
29 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud
Multitenant Architecture
Capabilities Enabled
Multitenant new features (12.1.0.2)
Managing Shared Resources
Upgrading to Multitenant
30 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
PDB State Management Across CDB Restart
PDB New clauses– PDB Containers Clause
– PDB Standbys Clause
– PDB Logging Clause
PDB Clone new features – Excluding Data When Cloning a PDB
– Non-CDB Adopt to CDB as a PDB.
– PDB Subset Cloning
– PDB Snapshot Cloning
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Multitenant New features
31 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Oracle Multitenant - PDB State Management Across CDB Restart
– Save state
SQL> alter pluggable database PDB save state;
SQL> select con_id, con_name, state from dba_pdb_saved_states;
CON_ID CON_NAME STATE
---------- ----------- ----------
4 PDB OPEN READ ONLY
– Discard state
SQL> alter pluggable database prmpdb03 discard state;
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Multitenant New features
32 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
PDB New clauses– PDB Containers Clause
SQL> select con_id , n from containers (t)
where con_id in (4,5);
– PDB Standbys Clause
SQL> create pluggable database pdb2
file_name_convert=('pdbseed',‘pdb2‘) standbys=NONE;
– PDB Logging Clause
SQL> create pluggable database pdb3
file_name_convert=('pdbseed',‘pdb3') NOLOGGING;
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Multitenant New features
33 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
PDB Clone new features
– Excluding Data When Cloning a PDB
– SQL> create pluggable database prmpdb03 from prmpdb01 2
file_name_convert=('prmpdb01','prmpdb03') NO DATA;
– Non-CDB Adopt to CDB as a PDB.
– SQL> create database link noncdb connect to pdbcreator
identified by pdbcreator using ' noncdb';
– SQL> create pluggable database pdb4 from NON$CDB@prmdb
2 file_name_convert=('prmdb','prmcdb/pdb4');
– SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql
– PDB Subset Cloning
– PDB Snapshot Cloning
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Multitenant New features
34 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud
Multitenant Architecture
Capabilities Enabled
Multitenant new features (12.1.0.2)
Managing Shared Resources
Upgrading to Multitenant
35 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Managing Shared Resources
Resource management in multitenant environment
High Priority
Medium Priority
Low Priority
36 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Managing Resources between PDBs
Resource Manager can manage resources on two basic levels:
– CDB level
How resources are allocate d to PDBs
Limit the resources utilization of specific PDBs
– PDB level
Resource Manager can manage the workloads within each PDB
37 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Managing Resources between PDBs
Using Resource Manager, you can control
– CPU
– Parallel execution servers
– Exadata I/O
– Sessions
Configure a policy that controls how resources are utilized
– Default configuration that works, even as PDBs are added or removed
You can change default configuration
38 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Manage CPU
Pluggable Database Shares Guaranteed CPU Maximum CPU
HCM 2 2/4 = 50% 100%
CRM 1 1/4 = 25% 100%
ERP 1 1/4 = 25% 100%
2 Shares 1 Share 1 Share
A CDB Resource Plan uses
shares to specify how CPU is
distributed between PDBs
39 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Agenda
Rethinking Architecture for the Database Cloud
Multitenant Architecture
Capabilities Enabled
Multitenant new features (12.1.0.2)
Managing Shared Resources
Upgrading to Multitenant
40 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Upgrading to Multitenant
Step 1: Upgrade databases in-place
Upgrade in Place
41 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Upgrading to Multitenant
Step 2: Plug-in upgraded databases
42 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Upgrading to Multitenant
No application changes required.
Step 3. Change applications to work with Multitenant
43 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Migrate using Replication
① Provision new PDB from Seed
② Replicate using technologies such as
Oracle GoldenGate or Data Pump
New in 12.1, you ask that full database
export and full database import make
maximum use of transportable
tablespaces in the single expdb and
impdb commands.
(Backported to 11.2.0.3.)
44 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Your questions
45 Oracle Multitenant - Mahir M. Quluzade © 2014 http://www.mahir-quluzade.com
Mahir M. Quluzadehttp://www.mahir-quluzade.com