Oracle Applications Architecture Release 11i Student Guide

Oracle ApplicationsArchitecture, Release 11iStudent Guide

Course Code 14433GC10

Edition 1.0

Month July 2000

Part Number M0-11890

Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rights reserved.

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Author

Richard Sears, Yun Shaw

Technical Contributors and Reviewers

Dawn Austin, Mary Beights, Steve Coleman, Ivo Dujmovic, Rick Lotero, JeffLunn, Kent Noble, Bill Sawyer, Sean Tuck


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsi

Table of Contents

Oracle Applications Overview..............................................................................................1-1Oracle Applications Overview.............................................................................................1-2Objectives ............................................................................................................................1-3Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................1-4Oracle Applications .............................................................................................................1-5Oracle Applications and the Technology Stack...................................................................1-6Oracle8i and Oracle Tools Release/Version Requirements .................................................1-7Oracle Applications Product Families .................................................................................1-8Standard Product Abbreviations ..........................................................................................1-9Product Dependencies..........................................................................................................1-10Vision Demo Database ........................................................................................................1-11Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................1-12Practice ................................................................................................................................1-13

The Applications Technology Layer ....................................................................................2-1The Applications Technology Layer ...................................................................................2-2Objectives ............................................................................................................................2-3Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................2-4Applications Technology Layer...........................................................................................2-5Applications Technology Layer Members...........................................................................2-6Applications Technology Layer Members..........................................................................2-7Oracle Application Object Library ......................................................................................2-8AOL End User Features.......................................................................................................2-9AOL Developer Features .....................................................................................................2-10AOL Features for Administrators ........................................................................................2-11Application Object Library Security....................................................................................2-12Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................2-13Practice ................................................................................................................................2-14

Internet Computing Architecture and Oracle Applications ..............................................3-1Internet Computing Architecture and Oracle Applications..................................................3-2Objectives ............................................................................................................................3-3Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................3-4Internet Computing Architecture .........................................................................................3-5Desktop Tier ........................................................................................................................3-6Forms Client Applet ............................................................................................................3-7JInitiator...............................................................................................................................3-8Application Tier...................................................................................................................3-9Web Server ..........................................................................................................................3-10Forms Server........................................................................................................................3-11Load Balancing Among Forms Servers ...............................................................................3-12Self-Service Web Applications............................................................................................3-13PL/SQL Access with Self-Service Web Applications .........................................................3-14Java Servlet Access with Self-Service Applications............................................................3-15Concurrent Processing Server..............................................................................................3-16Accessing Concurrent Processing Output............................................................................3-17Reports Server .....................................................................................................................3-18Administration Server..........................................................................................................3-19Database Tier.......................................................................................................................3-20Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................3-21Practice ................................................................................................................................3-22

Oracle Applications Database Structure .............................................................................4-1


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsii

Oracle Applications Database Structure ..............................................................................4-2Objectives ............................................................................................................................4-3Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................4-4Oracle Applications Database Objects.................................................................................4-5Schemas ...............................................................................................................................4-6APPS Schema ......................................................................................................................4-7Oracle Applications Product Schemas.................................................................................4-8Additional Schemas .............................................................................................................4-9Schemas Used During Signon .............................................................................................4-10Multiple Organization Architecture Views..........................................................................4-11Multiple Sets of Books Architecture....................................................................................4-12Multiple Reporting Currencies ............................................................................................4-13Oracle8i Features Used by Oracle Applications 11i ............................................................4-14Advanced Queuing ..............................................................................................................4-15Temporary Tables................................................................................................................4-16Index-Organized Tables.......................................................................................................4-17Partitioned Tables ................................................................................................................4-18Materialized Views..............................................................................................................4-19Invoker’s Rights...................................................................................................................4-20Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................4-21Practice ................................................................................................................................4-22

Oracle Applications File System...........................................................................................5-1Oracle Applications File System .........................................................................................5-2Objectives ............................................................................................................................5-3Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................5-5Oracle Applications File System .........................................................................................5-6APPL_TOP Directory..........................................................................................................5-7Oracle Applications Product Directories .............................................................................5-8Distributing Files Across Multiple Disks ............................................................................5-9Product Directories ..............................................................................................................5-10Admin Directory..................................................................................................................5-11Bin Directory .......................................................................................................................5-12Forms Directory...................................................................................................................5-13Help Directory .....................................................................................................................5-14HTML Directory..................................................................................................................5-15Include Directory.................................................................................................................5-16Java Directory......................................................................................................................5-17Lib Directory .......................................................................................................................5-18Log and Out Directories ......................................................................................................5-19Media Directory...................................................................................................................5-20Mesg Directory ....................................................................................................................5-21Patch Directory ....................................................................................................................5-22PL/SQL and Resource Directories.......................................................................................5-23Reports Directory.................................................................................................................5-24Sql Directory........................................................................................................................5-25AD Directory .......................................................................................................................5-26AU Directory .......................................................................................................................5-27Admin Directory..................................................................................................................5-28Admin Directory Text Files.................................................................................................5-29Common Components Directory .........................................................................................5-30Copying Java Files: Product Files........................................................................................5-31Copying Java Files: apps.zip ...............................................................................................5-32Technology Stack Directory ................................................................................................5-33Oracle Applications Database Files Directory.....................................................................5-34Oracle Enterprise Manager Directory..................................................................................5-35File Types ............................................................................................................................5-36


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsiii

Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................5-38Practice ................................................................................................................................5-39

Applications Environment Files ...........................................................................................6-1Applications Environment Files ..........................................................................................6-2Objectives ............................................................................................................................6-3Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................6-4Oracle Applications Environment File ................................................................................6-5The fndenv.env File .............................................................................................................6-11The devenv.env File.............................................................................................................6-12The adovars.env File............................................................................................................6-13The adconfig.txt File............................................................................................................6-14User Defaults File ................................................................................................................6-15Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................6-16Practice ................................................................................................................................6-17

Languages and Localizations................................................................................................7-1Languages and Localizations...............................................................................................7-2Objectives ............................................................................................................................7-3Lesson Overview .................................................................................................................7-4Languages and Localizations...............................................................................................7-5Oracle Applications Alternate Languages ...........................................................................7-6File Character Set ................................................................................................................7-7Installing Multiple Languages .............................................................................................7-8Translated Language Items..................................................................................................7-9Additional Language Subdirectories....................................................................................7-10Localizations........................................................................................................................7-11Localization Applications ....................................................................................................7-12Localization Directories.......................................................................................................7-13Localization Database Objects.............................................................................................7-14Lesson Summary .................................................................................................................7-15Practice ................................................................................................................................7-16

Appendix A - Glossary ..........................................................................................................8-1Appendix A - Glossary ........................................................................................................8-2


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsv

Preface

Profile

Before You Begin This Course

Before you begin this course, you should have the following qualifications:

• Knowledge of ERP software systems and the Internet recommended

Prerequisites

• There are no prerequisites for this course

How This Course Is Organized

Oracle Applications Architecture is an instructor-led course featuring lecture andhands-on exercises. Online demonstrations and written practice sessions reinforcethe concepts and skills introduced.


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsvi

Related Publications

Oracle Publications

Title Part Number

Oracle Applications Concepts A82932-01

Upgrading Oracle Applications A69411-01

Installing Oracle Applications A69409-01

Maintaining Oracle Applications A83525-01

Additional Publications

• System release bulletins

• Installation and user’s guides

• read.me files

• Oracle Applications User’s Group (OAUG) articles

• Oracle Magazine


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsvii

Typographic Conventions

Typographic Conventions in Text

Convention Element ExampleBold italic Glossary term (if

there is a glossary)The algorithm inserts the new key.

Caps andlowercase

Buttons,check boxes,triggers,windows

Click the Executable button.Select the Can’t Delete Card check box.Assign a When-Validate-Item trigger to theORD block.Open the Master Schedule window.

Courier new,case sensitive(default islowercase)

Code output,directory names,filenames,passwords,pathnames,URLs,user input,usernames

Code output: debug.set (‘I”, 300);Directory: bin (DOS), $FMHOME (UNIX)Filename: Locate the init.ora file.Password: User tiger as your password.Pathname: Open c:\my_docs\projectsURL: Go to http://www.oracle.comUser input: Enter 300Username: Log on as scott

Initial cap Graphics labels(unless the term is aproper noun)

Customer address (but Oracle Payables)

Italic Emphasized wordsand phrases,titles of books andcourses,variables

Do not save changes to the database.For further information, see Oracle7 ServerSQL Language Reference Manual.Enter [email protected],where user_id is the name of the user.

Quotationmarks

Interface elementswith long namesthat have onlyinitial caps;lesson and chaptertitles in cross-references

Select “Include a reusable module component”and click Finish.

This subject is covered in Unit II, Lesson 3,“Working with Objects.”

Uppercase SQL columnnames, commands,functions, schemas,table names

Use the SELECT command to viewinformation stored in the LAST_NAMEcolumn of the EMP table.


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsviii

Convention Element ExampleArrow Menu paths Select File—> Save.Brackets Key names Press [Enter].

Commas Key sequences Press and release keys one at a time:[Alternate], [F], [D]

Plus signs Key combinations Press and hold these keys simultaneously:[Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del]

Typographic Conventions in Code

Convention Element ExampleCaps andlowercase

Oracle Formstriggers

When-Validate-Item

Lowercase Column names,table names

SELECT last_nameFROM s_emp;

Passwords DROP USER scottIDENTIFIED BY tiger;

PL/SQL objects OG_ACTIVATE_LAYER(OG_GET_LAYER

(‘prod_pie_layer’))

Lowercaseitalic

Syntax variables CREATE ROLE role

Uppercase SQL commands andfunctions

SELECT useridFROM emp;

Typographic Conventions in Navigation Paths

This course uses simplified navigation paths, such as the following example, todirect you through Oracle Applications.

(N) Invoice > Entry > Invoice Batches Summary (M) Query > Find (B) Approve

This simplified path translates to the following:

1. (N) From the Navigator window, select Invoice > Entry > Invoice BatchesSummary.

2. (M) From the menu, select Query > Find.

3. (B) Click the Approve button.


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsix

Notations :

(N) = Navigator

(M) = Menu

(T) = Tab

(I) = Icon

(H) = Hyperlink

(B) = Button

Typographical Conventions in Help System Paths

This course uses a “navigation path” convention to represent actions you performto find pertinent information in the Oracle Applications Help System.

The following help navigation path, for example—

(Help) General Ledger > Journals > Enter Journals

—represents the following sequence of actions:

1. In the navigation frame of the help system window, expand the GeneralLedger entry.

2. Under the General Ledger entry, expand Journals.

3. Under Journals, select Enter Journals.

4. Review the Enter Journals topic that appears in the document frame of thehelp system window.


Oracle Applications Architecture, Release 11i Table of Contentsx


Oracle Applications OverviewChapter 1 - Page 1

Oracle Applications OverviewChapter 1



Oracle Applications Overview

Copyright Oracle Corporat ion, 2000. All rights reserved.

Oracle Applications OverviewOracle Applications Overview

ProfileHow This Course Is OrganizedOracle Applications Architecture is an instructor-led course featuring lecture andwritten practice sessions.This course takes a platform-generic approach. When appropriate, NT or UNIXspecific information is presented. Many environment variables such as APPL_TOP arestated as such. For a Unix environment assume that it is $APPL_TOP and for NT%APPL_TOP%.



Objectives


ObjectivesObjectives

• The components of Oracle Applications• Oracle Applications product families• Product dependencies• The relationship between Oracle Applications,

Oracle8i, and other technology stack tools• The Vision demo database

• The components of Oracle Applications• Oracle Applications product families• Product dependencies• The relationship between Oracle Applications,

Oracle8i, and other technology stack tools• The Vision demo database

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:• List the components of Oracle Applications.• Describe the Oracle Applications product families.• Explain product dependencies.• Explain the relationship between Oracle Applications, Oracle8i, and other

technology stack tools.• Describe the Vision demo database.



Lesson Overview


Lesson OverviewLesson Overview

• Database components• File system components• Product families• Product dependencies• Oracle Applications and other technology stack

products• Vision demo database

• Database components• File system components• Product families• Product dependencies• Oracle Applications and other technology stack

products• Vision demo database

This lesson is important because it provides an introduction to the different programsand modules that comprise Oracle Applications Release 11i. It describes thecomponents that are stored and processed in the Oracle Applications database as wellas the components stored in the Oracle Applications file system. It also explains thevarious product families and how dependencies exist between them. A briefintroduction of the Vision demo database is also provided.



Oracle Applications


Oracle ApplicationsOracle Applications

Suite of business applicationsSuite of business applications

Stored in a Database and File SystemStored in a Database and File System

Applications TechnologyApplications Technology

FinancialsFinancials

ManufacturingManufacturing

CRMCRM

HRMSHRMS

Supply ChainSupply Chain

BusinessBusiness

DataData

ProductProduct

FilesFiles

Oracle Applications is a suite of integrated software applications that provides acomplete solution to the business needs of Oracle customers. Each application providesservices and processing in a particular business area such as inventory or accountsreceivable.An Oracle Applications installation physically consists ofA file system containing

• forms that allow interactive entry and updating of data• reports that allow formatted documentation and display of data• concurrent programs that provide high-volume, non-interactive update of data• programs and SQL scripts for maintaining the system• Java that performs certain UI and business functions

An Oracle8i database containing• data objects, such as

– tables which are used to store customer data– indexes and sequences

• code objects, such as– PL/SQL stored procedures and triggers for performing database

processing– views, grants, synonyms and functions



Oracle Applications and the Technology Stack


Oracle Applications and the TechnologyStack

Oracle Applications and the TechnologyStack

Oracle8i

Applications Technology


ManufacturingManufacturingFinancialsFinancials HRMSHRMSCRMCRM

Forms ServerForms Server Reports ServerReports Server Web ServerWeb Server

Technology StackTechnology Stack

Oracle Applications Release 11i works in conjunction with the Oracle8i Server andassociated Oracle tools products. The customer data gathered, stored and processed byOracle Applications is stored in tables in an Oracle8i database. The Oracle toolsproducts provide the multi-tier, distributed processing capability.The Oracle Applications Technology layer lies between the Oracle tools and the OracleApplications product specific modules. It provides features common to all OracleApplications products.Details on the Applications Technology layer will be covered in a subsequent lesson.



Oracle8i and Oracle Tools Release/VersionRequirements


Oracle8i and Oracle ToolsRelease/Version Requirements

Oracle8i and Oracle ToolsRelease/Version Requirements

ProductProduct VersionVersion

Oracle8i (Enterprise) Oracle8i (Enterprise)

Oracle Developer ServerOracle Developer Server

8.1.68.1.6

6.0.86.0.8Oracle WebDBOracle WebDB

Oracle EnterpriseOracle Enterprise Manager Manager 8.1.68.1.6

2.22.2Oracle WebDB ListenerOracle WebDB Listener 2.52.5

This slide lists the version requirements for the Oracle 8i server and the components ofthe Technology Stack.Always refer to the Certify site to verify that the combination of platform andcomponents that you plan to use are properly certified by Oracle Applications:http://wwsreg.us.oracle.com:8001/certifyv3/owa/certify.welcome



Oracle Applications Product Families


Oracle Applications Product FamiliesOracle Applications Product Families

Applications TechnologyApplications Technology

FinancialsFinancials

Manufacturing/Manufacturing/DistributionDistribution

Process ProcessManufacturingManufacturing

Human ResourcesHuman ResourcesManagementManagement

Customer RelationshipCustomer RelationshipManagementManagement

Public SectorPublic Sector

The applications that make up Oracle Applications are grouped into product families.Some of the product families are shown on the slide. Each product family containsmany applications. For example Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables and OracleGeneral Ledger are three of the many members of the Financials product family. TheRelease 11i Upgrading Oracle Applications manual provides a list of all the productmembers for each product family.



Standard Product Abbreviations

Copyright Oracle Corporation, 2000. All rightsreserved

Standard Product AbbreviationsStandard Product Abbreviations

IDID Short nameShort name Full NameFull Name

00 FNDFND Application Object LibraryApplication Object Library

101101 GLGL Oracle General LedgerOracle General Ledger

222222 ARAR Oracle ReceivablesOracle Receivables

Oracle InventoryOracle Inventory401401 INVINV

Each application has multiple identifiers. These identifiers are used internallythroughout Oracle Applications and are commonly used when referring to OracleApplications products. Some example identifiers are shown on the slide. Refer to theUpgrading Oracle Applications manual for a complete list of product identifiers.



Product Dependencies


Product DependenciesProduct Dependencies

FND

GL

ARINV

The products that make up Oracle Applications are tightly integrated. Some productsdepend on components from other products, called dependent or shared products, forfull functionality.The slide shows a simplified example of product dependencies.

• GL (Oracle General Ledger) depends on the Application Object Library (FND).• INV (Oracle Inventory) depends on the Application Object Library and General

Ledger.• AR (Oracle Receivables) depends on the Application Object Library, Inventory,

and General Ledger.To simplify licensing and maintenance, both the database objects for all OracleApplications products and all product files are installed by the Rapid Install utility.This includes any localization files. After you have installed Oracle Applications, youuse the License Manager to license the products you wish to use.Note: Products can be used independently and they can also be integrated with otherthird party software.



Vision Demo Database


Vision Demo DatabaseVision Demo Database

Vision

Database

The Vision demonstration database provides a sample set of transaction data for afictitious company that uses most Oracle Applications Release 11i products. TheVision Demo runs with Oracle8i Enterprise Edition and can be installed with RapidInstall.The Vision Demo simulates a real production installation configuration. As such, it canbe both upgraded and maintained using regular Oracle Applications utilities.The Vision database uses its own database instance and cannot be combined with anyother Oracle Applications installation.You can use the Vision Demo as a testing and training environment. You can also useit to learn about new products to help decide whether you want to expand the numberof Oracle Applications products you have licensed.



Lesson Summary


Lesson SummaryLesson Summary

• Oracle Applications is a suite of integratedbusiness applications.

• Applications components are stored in both anOracle8i database and the applications file system

• The applications modules are grouped intoproduct families.

• Product family modules are tightly integrated anddependencies exist between many modules.

• The Vision database simulates a real productioninstallation configuration with full functionality ofmost Release 11i products.

• Oracle Applications is a suite of integratedbusiness applications.

• Applications components are stored in both anOracle8i database and the applications file system

• The applications modules are grouped intoproduct families.

• Product family modules are tightly integrated anddependencies exist between many modules.

• The Vision database simulates a real productioninstallation configuration with full functionality ofmost Release 11i products.



Practice


PracticePractice

1 Oracle Applications stores its components in a database anda collection of files. Name two types of database objects usedby Oracle Applications.

2 Name two types of Oracle Application components stored inthe file system.

3 Name one Oracle Applications product family along with someof its products.

4 Other than the Oracle 8i server, what are the othercomponents of the technology stack required by OracleApplications.

5 What is the product abbreviation for the Application ObjectLibrary?

6 What is the purpose of the Vision demo database that issupplied with Oracle Applications?

1 Oracle Applications stores its components in a database anda collection of files. Name two types of database objects usedby Oracle Applications.

2 Name two types of Oracle Application components stored inthe file system.

3 Name one Oracle Applications product family along with someof its products.

4 Other than the Oracle 8i server, what are the othercomponents of the technology stack required by OracleApplications.

5 What is the product abbreviation for the Application ObjectLibrary?

6 What is the purpose of the Vision demo database that issupplied with Oracle Applications?

Practice Solutions1 Oracle Applications stores its components in a database and a collection of files.

Name two types of database objects used by Oracle Applications.Tables, PL/SQL stored procedures, triggers, indexes, sequences, views,grants and synonyms

2 Name two types of Oracle Application components stored in the file system.Forms, reports, concurrent programs

3 Name one Oracle Applications product family along with some of its products.For the Financials product family, Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables,and General Ledger are members. See the Upgrading OracleApplications manual for a complete listing of product families and theirmember products.

4 Other than the Oracle 8i server, what are the other components of the technologystack required by Oracle Applications.

Oracle Enterprise Manager, Oracle Developer Server, Oracle WebDB,Oracle WebDB Listener

5 What is the product abbreviation for the Application Object Library?FND



6 What is the purpose of the Vision demo database that is supplied with OracleApplications?

The Vision database simulates a real production installationconfiguration. It can be used for product demonstrations as well astraining.


The Applications Technology LayerChapter 2 - Page 1

The Applications TechnologyLayerChapter 2



The Applications Technology Layer


The Applications Technology LayerThe Applications Technology Layer



Objectives



• Products that comprise the ApplicationsTechnology layer

• The functions provided by each member• The Application Object Library• Application Object Library features provided to

end users, developers, and administrators

• Products that comprise the ApplicationsTechnology layer

• The functions provided by each member• The Application Object Library• Application Object Library features provided to

end users, developers, and administrators

This lesson describes the Applications Technology layer. The Applications Technologylayer provides standardized functionality, capabilities, and security across all OracleApplications modules.At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• List the products that comprise the Application Technology layer.• Briefly describe the functions provided by each member of this layer.• Describe the Application Object Library.• List the Application Object Library features provided to end users, developers,

and administrators.



Lesson Overview




Manufacturing

Applications Technology Layer

CRM Financials HRMS

The Applications Technology layer provides common, basic functionality across allOracle Applications product families. The Application Object Library is a fundamentalpart of the Applications Technology layer.



Applications Technology Layer


Applications Technology LayerApplications Technology Layer

Application UtilitiesApplications DBA

Implementation WizardWorkflowAlert


Application Object Library

Manufacturing CRM Financials HRMS

Common Modules

Within Oracle Applications, the Applications Technology layer is a collection of productswhose functionality is applicable to all Oracle Applications modules. The productsinclude:

• Application Object Library• Applications DBA• Applications Utilities• Common Modules• Workflow• Alert• Implementation Wizard



Applications Technology Layer Members


Applications Technology LayerMembers

Applications Technology LayerMembers

• Oracle Applications DBA• Oracle Applications Utilities• Oracle Common Modules

• Oracle Applications DBA• Oracle Applications Utilities• Oracle Common Modules

Oracle Applications DBAThe Applications DBA product provides a set of tools that help in the administration ofthe Oracle Applications file system and database. It provides tools for installing,upgrading, maintaining, and patching the applications environment.

Oracle Applications UtilitiesThe Applications Utilities products are used in maintenance of the Oracle Applications’environment and include shared product libraries used by all Oracle Applicationsproducts. The installation process copies PL/SQL code from each application’sPL/SQL directory into this common area. Other Oracle products use the code in thesedirectories instead of in each product’s PL/SQL subdirectory. The applications Javafiles are stored in this common area as well.

Oracle Common ModulesThe Common Modules is an active data dictionary that enables you to defineapplication components for the web, and generate many of the application'scharacteristics at runtime. It is heavily used to develop inquiry applications for the webwithout programming. It is also used to store translated labels for all the attributes on atransaction page.







• Oracle Workflow• Oracle Alert• Oracle Application Implementation Wizard

• Oracle Workflow• Oracle Alert• Oracle Application Implementation Wizard

Oracle WorkflowOracle Workflow allows for communication of data between applications andaccomplishes three important business requirements: routing information, definingrules, and delivering electronic notifications. Oracle Workflow Builder lets yougraphically define the rules of your process which are expressed as automated activitiesusing PL/SQL. Electronic notifications can be delivered via email to any OracleApplications or Internet user.

Oracle AlertOracle Alert allows you to electronically mail system notifications to users when anexception or event has occurred. Some applications are delivered with predefined alertswhich allow you to notify users about specified database exceptions as they occur andperform routine tasks automatically according to a schedule that you define.

Application Implementation WizardOracle Application Implementation Wizard guides your implementation of OracleApplications products by tracking the implementation tasks needed for the productslicensed. This allows easy administration and monitoring of the implementationprocess.



Oracle Application Object Library


Oracle Application Object LibraryOracle Application Object Library

Application Object Library

Inventory ReceivablesGeneral

Ledger

Fixed

Assets

The Application Object Library is a primary component of the ApplicationsTechnology layer. The Application Object Library is a collection of programs anddatabase tables that provide common functionality across all applications. Using theApplication Object Library ensures that the processing of flexfields or the procedurefor report submission , for instance, does not vary from one application to another. TheApplication Object Library also provides capabilities for developers to extend theoperation of Oracle Applications by creating custom programs that interact with thebase modules.



AOL End User Features


AOL End User FeaturesAOL End User Features

• Standard user interface• Key flexfields and descriptive flexfields• Shared flexfield value sets• Standard Report Submission• Applications Online Help

• Standard user interface• Key flexfields and descriptive flexfields• Shared flexfield value sets• Standard Report Submission• Applications Online Help

The Application Object Library supports the integration of Oracle Applications byproviding standardized functionality and capabilities across all applications so that thelook and feel do not vary by application. Flexfields allow the entry of certain importantinformation to be standardized across all applications. One example is the AccountingFlexfield, which is used by both financial applications and manufacturing applications.Another example of such standardization is the Standard Report Submission (SRS)facility. The procedure to submit a batch report using SRS is the same regardless of theapplication that owns the report.The Applications Online Help is also standardized across all applications.



AOL Developer Features


AOL Developer FeaturesAOL Developer Features

• PL/SQL libraries• CUSTOM library• GUI standards• Coding standards• Message dictionary• Standard Report Submission• Flexfield development• APIs• Function security

• PL/SQL libraries• CUSTOM library• GUI standards• Coding standards• Message dictionary• Standard Report Submission• Flexfield development• APIs• Function security

Application Object Library provides many features for developers creating customprograms that interface with Oracle Applications.The same coding and GUI standards used by Oracle Applications developers areavailable to custom developers.Custom reports can be integrated into Standard Report Submission so that they can besubmitted and monitored using the same procedures as other Oracle Applicationsreports.Flexfields used on custom forms can take advantage of existing flexfield capabilitiessuch as value sets.Detailed information on custom developers’ features can be found in the OracleApplications Developers’ Guide.



AOL Features for Administrators


AOL Features for AdministratorsAOL Features for Administrators

• Manage and control security• Set up new users• Audit user activity• Set user and system profiles• Manage concurrent processing

• Manage and control security• Set up new users• Audit user activity• Set user and system profiles• Manage concurrent processing

The Application Object Library provides many features to make administration of theOracle Applications easier.The applications system administrator can

• Manage and control security: Decide which users have access to eachapplication, and within an application, which forms, functions, and reports a usercan access.

• Set up new users: Register new Oracle Applications users, and give them accessto only those forms, functions, and reports they need to do their jobs.

• Audit user activity: Monitor what users are doing and when they do it. Choosewho to audit and what type of data to audit.

• Set user and system profiles: A user or system profile is a set of changeableoptions that affects the way Oracle Applications looks and behaves. A systemadministrator can set profile values at the site, application, responsibility, anduser levels.

• Manage concurrent processing: Concurrent Processing is an Oracle Applicationsfacility that lets long-running, data-intensive tasks run simultaneously withonline operations, taking full advantage of multitasking and parallel processing.A system administrator can monitor and control concurrent processing using afew simple forms.



Application Object Library Security


Application Object Library SecurityApplication Object Library Security

ProgramsPrograms

Database ObjectsDatabase Objects

ResponsibilityResponsibility

NavigationNavigationMenuMenu

DataData

GroupGroup

UserUser

SignonSignon

FormsForms

ReportsReportsReportReport

GroupGroup

OperatingOperating

Unit Unit

Set of Books

The Application Object Library controls access to the data in Oracle Applications.Security is provided through user signons and responsibilities.Each user must have a signon and password to gain access to Oracle Applications.A responsibility is a level of authority in Oracle Applications that lets application usersaccess only those functions and data appropriate to their roles in the organization.Responsibilities can allow access to a specific application, operating units, set of booksand a restricted list of windows, functions and other responsibilities.Note that the forms available from the navigation menus vary by responsibility. Forexample the Purchasing User navigation menu does not include all the forms that areavailable to the Purchasing Super User navigation menu.When you install Oracle Applications, a standard application user called SYSADMINis created for you. Several default responsibilities are also created. Since theSYSADMIN signon is automatically assigned to the System Administrationresponsibility, you can use SYSADMIN to create new user signons and assign them toresponsibilities. You can also create any custom responsibilities you need.



Lesson Summary



• The Application Technology Layer providesservices and functionality to all applications.

• The Application Object Library, Applications DBA ,Applications Utilities, Workflow, Alert, and theImplementation Wizard are all importantcomponents of the Applications Technology layer.

• Application Object Library provides a commoninterface to all applications.

• Application Object Library features allowdevelopers to customize and extend functionality.

• Application Object Library supplies the securitylayer for Oracle Applications.

• The Application Technology Layer providesservices and functionality to all applications.

• The Application Object Library, Applications DBA ,Applications Utilities, Workflow, Alert, and theImplementation Wizard are all importantcomponents of the Applications Technology layer.

• Application Object Library provides a commoninterface to all applications.

• Application Object Library features allowdevelopers to customize and extend functionality.

• Application Object Library supplies the securitylayer for Oracle Applications.



Practice


1 What is the importance of the Application Technology Layer?2 The Application Object Library is one product of the

Application Technology Layer. Name two other products.3 List two AOL features for end users.4 Name two AOL features used by developers.5 Name two AOL features used by administrators.

1 What is the importance of the Application Technology Layer?2 The Application Object Library is one product of the

Application Technology Layer. Name two other products.3 List two AOL features for end users.4 Name two AOL features used by developers.5 Name two AOL features used by administrators.

PracticePractice

Practice Solutions1 What is the importance of the Application Technology Layer?

The Applications Technology Layer provides common, basicfunctionality across all Oracle Applications product families.

2 The Application Object Library is one product of the Application TechnologyLayer. Name two other products.

– Applications DBA– Applications Utilities– Workflow– Alert– Implementation Wizard

3 List two AOL features for end users.– Standard user interface– Key flexfields and descriptive flexfields– Shared flexfield value sets– Standard Report Submission



4 Name two AOL features used by developers.– PL/SQL libraries– GUI standards– Coding standards– Message dictionary– Standard Report Submission– Flexfield development– APIs– Function security

5 Name two AOL features used by administrators.– Manage and control security– Set up new users– Audit user activity– Set user and system profiles– Manage concurrent processing


Internet Computing Architecture and Oracle ApplicationsChapter 3 - Page 1

Internet ComputingArchitecture and OracleApplicationsChapter 3



Internet Computing Architecture and OracleApplications


Internet Computing Architecture andOracle Applications

Internet Computing Architecture andOracle Applications



Objectives



• The benefits of Internet Computing architecture• Oracle Applications and the Internet Computing

architecture• The desktop tier• The application tier• The database tier• The servers used by Oracle Applications Release

11i

• The benefits of Internet Computing architecture• Oracle Applications and the Internet Computing

architecture• The desktop tier• The application tier• The database tier• The servers used by Oracle Applications Release

11i

This lesson describes the multi-level architecture implemented with Release 11i ofOracle Applications. It also explains the interaction of Oracle Applications with otherOracle products.At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Explain the benefits of the Internet Computing (IC) architecture.• Explain how Oracle Applications uses the Internet Computing architecture.• Describe the components of the desktop tier.• Describe the components of the application tier.• Describe the components of the database tier.• Explain the purposes for the different servers used by Oracle Applications

Release 11i.



Lesson Overview



DesktopDesktop DatabaseDatabase

Browser

BrowserAdmin Server

WebServerWebServer

Concurrent ProcessingServer

Reports Server

ApplicationApplication

Data

Server

Client

Applet

Forms Server

The multi-tier architecture implemented in Release 11i of Oracle Applications issimilar to the architecture of Release 10.7 NCA and Release 11.0. It is, however, quitedifferent from the client-server architecture used in pre-10.7 NCA releases. This lessonis important because an understanding of the different tiers and components of OracleApplications Release 11i that reside on each tier is fundamental to fully understandinghow Oracle Applications operates.



Internet Computing Architecture


Internet Computing ArchitectureInternet Computing Architecture

DesktopDesktop DatabaseDatabase

Browser

BrowserAdmin Server

WebServerWebServer


Reports Server


Data

Server

Client

Applet

Forms Server

The Internet Computing architecture provides Oracle Applications with a frameworkfor multi-tier, distributed computing. Internet computing architecture shifts softwareadministration from the desktop onto the middle tier, which resides in the data centerwith the database server, thus lowering administration costs.In the multi-tier computing model various functions of the Oracle Applicationsarchitecture are distributed among multiple levels, or tiers. Although many physicalmachines may be used in a configuration, scalability is derived from processingcapabilities on three separate levels: the desktop client tier, the application tier, and thedatabase tier.



Desktop Tier


Desktop TierDesktop Tier

DesktopDesktop

Browser

BrowserAdmin Server

WebServerWebServer


Reports Server

Data

Server

Client

Applet

Forms Server

The client interface is provided through a Java applet using a Java-enabled webbrowser. The client can download the applet on demand and the applet is cachedlocally for future use.Forms Client AppletThe Forms Client Applet is a component of Oracle’s Developer applicationdevelopment tool. The applet sends user requests to the forms server and handles suchresponses as screen updates, pop-up lists, and cursor movement. It can display anyOracle Applications screen and supports field-level validation, multiple coordinatedwindows, and data entry aids like lists of values.Web Browser/JInitiatorThe Forms Client Applet must run within a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) on thedesktop. For Oracle Applications the JVM is supplied by the JInitiator program, whichworks in conjunction with the web browser.



Forms Client Applet


Forms Client AppletForms Client Applet

DesktopDesktop

Java Enabled Browser

with JInitiator

ClientApplet

JAR files

JAR files

Admin Server


Reports Server

Forms Server

JAR files

WebServerWebServer

The Forms client applet is a general-purpose applet that supports all OracleApplications products including those with customizations and extensions. The Formsclient is packaged as Java ARchive (JAR) files that contain all the Java classestypically required to run Oracle Applications forms. JAR files are digitally signed andshould not be opened or expanded on-site.The required and commonly used JAR files are downloaded from the Web Server onceat the beginning of the client’s first session. Afterwards it remains in the browser’slocal disk cache, ready for future sessions until an updated version is released. Allupdates are installed on the application tier and downloaded to the client automaticallythrough the use of JInitiator. Other less commonly used JAR files are downloaded asneeded.



JInitiator


DesktopDesktop

ClientApplet

JAR files

JAR files

Admin Server


Reports Server

Forms Server

JAR files

WebServerWebServer

Java Enabled Browser

with JInitiator

JInitiatorJInitiatorJInitiatorJInitiatorJInitiatorJInitiator

JInitiator is Oracle's Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is implemented on the desktopclient as a plug-in (Netscape Communicator) or ActiveX component (MicrosoftInternet Explorer). JInitiator allows Oracle Applications to run under the most currentJava code set and is the preferred method of accessing Oracle Applications.When an end-user enters the desired Oracle Applications signon URL within the webbrowser, the browser will execute Oracle JInitiator. If Oracle JInitiator has not beenpreviously installed, the browser will download the necessary installation executable tothe desktop client.Once installed, Oracle JInitiator will run the Forms client applet and start an OracleApplications session.



Application Tier


Application TierApplication Tier

Browser

BrowserAdmin Server

WebServerWebServer


Reports Server


Data

Server

Client

Applet

Forms Server

The Application Tier is the location of servers that provide the business logic and codeprocessing. This tier is sometimes referred to as the middle tier. There are five serversthat comprise the application tier:The Web Server

• The Forms Server• The Concurrent Processing Server• The Reports Server• The Admin Server

This tier provides the communication between the desktop tier and the database tier.The application tier also supports load balancing among multiple forms servers toprovide optimal scalability and processing.



Web Server


Web Server

Forms Server Forms Server

Listener

cgi-binLoad

Balancer

cgi-binLoad

Balancer

11 22

33

44 55

HTTPListener

Browser

Data Server

Web ServerWeb ServerWeb ServerWeb ServerWeb ServerWeb Server

The Web Server processes the requests it receives over the network from the desktopclients. The Web Server consists of an HTTP listener and the cgi-bin load balancer.

1 The HTTP listener accepts incoming HTTP requests (URLs) from desktopclients (browsers). If possible, the HTTP listener services the request itself, forexample, by returning a simple HTML web page.

2 If the page referenced by the URL needs some kind of advanced processing, e.g.PL/SQL or Java, the listener passes the request on to the cgi-bin load balancer.

3 The cgi-bin load balancer determines the least loaded form server name andpasses the information back to the desktop client by means of an HTML page ithas created.

4 The desktop client can then connect directly to the forms server by the name ithas been provided.

5 From this point on, all communication is between the client desktop and theForms Server with the Forms Server handling the communication with theOracle8i database.



Forms Server


Web Server

Forms Server Forms Server

Listener

cgi-binLoad

Balancer

cgi-binLoad

Balancer

HTTPListener

Browser

Data Server

Forms ServerForms ServerForms ServerForms ServerForms ServerForms Server

The Forms Server hosts the Oracle Applications forms and the forms runtime engine.The Forms server is a Developer Server component that mediates the communicationbetween the desktop client and the Oracle8i server, displaying client screens andcausing changes in the database records based on user actions. Data is cached on theforms server and provided to the client as needed, such as when scrolling throughmultiple order lines. The forms server communicates with the desktop client in one ofthree ways:a standard HTTP network connection

• a secure HTTPS network connection• a TCP/IP connection

It communicates with the Oracle8i Server using Net8.



Load Balancing Among Forms Servers


Web Server

Listener

HTTPListener

Browser

Data Server

Forms Server 2Forms Server 2

cgi-binLoad

Balancer

cgi-binLoad

Balancer

Forms Server 1 Forms Server 1

11 22

33

44

55 66

Load Balancing Among Forms ServersLoad Balancing Among Forms Servers

Automatic load balancing among multiple forms servers can be provided. In a load-balancing configuration, a single point of coordination takes place with the cgi-bin loadbalancer. The cgi-bin load balancer is a Perl script that determines the least loadedforms server. When a client issues a request to download the Forms client applet andthus initiate a forms session, the cgi-bin load balancer determines the name of the least-loaded host for the applet to connect to and returns it to the client in an HTML page.The client can now access the least loaded forms server directly and conducttransactions with the data server.



Self-Service Web Applications


Self-Service Web ApplicationsSelf-Service Web Applications

Browser

PL/SQL Cartridge

HTTP

Listener(WebDB)

Data Server

Business Data

Servlet Engine

The Oracle Self-Service Web Applications are unique in that they do not use OracleForms for the interface. The Self-Service Applications are designed in pure HTML andJavaScript and operate by direct connection to an HTTP listener running OracleWebDB. Logic is controlled through stored procedures that execute through either thePL/SQL Cartridge or Java servlets. The PL/SQL Cartridge is executed by Web DB 2.5and its PL/SQL Gateway, while the Java servlets are executed by the Apache JServmodule. WebDB 2.5 and Apache communicate with the database using JDBC (JavaData Base Connectivity).



PL/SQL Access with Self-Service Web Applications


PL/SQL Access with Self-Service WebApplications

PL/SQL Access with Self-Service WebApplications

Web ServerWeb Server Data ServerData Server

WebApplications

Dictionary

Listener

Data

StoredProceduresBrowser

PL/SQLCartridge

ClientClient

When using PL/SQL cartridge access, a Self-Service Application module uses thefollowing access path:

1 The user clicks the hyperlink of a function from a browser. The browser makes aURL request to a Web listener. This request references the PL/SQL cartridge.

2 The PL/SQL cartridge runs a stored procedure.3 These procedures query data from the applications tables and information from

the Web Applications Dictionary to construct the resulting HTML page.4 The resulting page is passed back through the Web Server to the browser.



Java Servlet Access with Self-Service Applications


Java Servlet Access with Self-ServiceApplications

Java Servlet Access with Self-ServiceApplications

ServletEngine

WebApplications

Dictionary

Listener

DataJSP

Browser

Web ServerWeb Server Data ServerData ServerClientClient

When using a Java Server Page, the Self-Service module uses the following accesspath:

1 The user makes a URL request from the browser2 The listener contacts the Servlet engine where it is running a Java Server Page.3 The server page obtains the data from the applications table and uses information

from the Web Applications Dictionary to construct the HTML page.4 The resulting page is passed back to the browser.



Concurrent Processing Server


Concurrent Processing ServerConcurrent Processing Server

Browser

Browser

WebServerWebServer

Forms Server


Data Server

Most interaction with Oracle Applications data is done through Oracle Applicationsforms. There are also reporting programs and data updating programs, however, thatperiodically need to be run. These programs may contain a very large number ofcomputations, so to ensure that they do not interfere with interactive operations, theycan be configured to run on a separate machine called the concurrent processing server.Processes that run on the concurrent processing server are called concurrent programs,and operate in the background while users continue to work on other tasks. You submita request to run concurrent programs through Oracle Applications forms. This inserts arow into a database table specifying the program to be run. A monitoring process readsthe table and assigns the request to one of several concurrent managers running on oneor more concurrent processing servers. The concurrent manager then runs the programgenerating log and output files on the concurrent processing server.



Accessing Concurrent Processing Output


Accessing Concurrent Processing OutputAccessing Concurrent Processing Output

Browser

Browser

Forms Server

Concurrent Processing

Server

Data Server

Report File

Web Review Agent

Report

Page

Net8

HTTP

The Concurrent Processing Server communicates with the Data Server using Net8. Theresults of a concurrent report are passed back to the Web Review Agent. The WebReview Agent passes a file containing the entire report to the Forms Server. The FormsServer passes the report back to the user’s browser a page at time. You can use systemsettings to control the size of the files and pages passed through the system.



Reports Server


Reports ServerReports Server

Browser

Browser

Admin Server


Reports Server

Forms Server

DataServer

WebServerWebServer

The Reports Server resides on the middle tier with the Concurrent Processing Server.The Reports Server is used to produce reports for business intelligence products. Thisserver is automatically installed on the same node as the Concurrent Processing Server,and its reports are contained in the same directory with regular concurrent processingreports. However, reports generated by the Reports Server are monitored andadministered separately from concurrent reports.



Administration Server


Administration ServerAdministration Server


File SystemFile System

OracleOracle

ApplicationsApplications

DatabaseDatabase

The administration server is the machine from which you maintain the data in yourOracle Applications database. You carry out the following operations from this server:Installing and upgrading the databaseThis process is conducted only when you are installing a new release, or are upgradingto a new minor or major release. You use the Rapid Install to install OracleApplications and AutoUpgrade for upgrades.Applying database updatesMost bug fixes consist of new files and scripts that update database objects. You usethe AutoPatch program, adpatch, to update software on the database and the applicationtier servers. AutoPatch may also be used to apply cumulative patches to performproduct upgrades.Maintaining the Applications dataSome features such as multi-lingual support and Multiple Reporting Currencies requireregular maintenance to ensure updates are propagated to the additional schemas usedby these features. The AD Administration program (adadmin) allows you to do this andother file system and database maintenance tasks.



Database Tier


Database TierDatabase Tier

DatabaseDatabase

Browser

BrowserAdmin Server

WebServerWebServer


Reports Server

Data

Server

Client

Applet

Forms Server

The database tier holds all the data stored and maintained by the Oracle Applicationssystem. It also contains some processing code that is stored in the database to optimizeperformance. In Release 11i the database also includes the Oracle Applications helpfiles.More specifically, the database tier contains Oracle8i Server files and an OracleApplications database instance that physically stores the tables, indexes, and otherdatabase objects for your installation.By definition the data server does not communicate directly with the desktop clients,but rather with the servers on the application tier that mediate these communications.



Lesson Summary



• Oracle Applications Release 11i utilizes the multi-tier Internet Computing architecture.

• The Internet Computing architecture reducesdesktop administration, improves networkefficiency, and provides easy scalability to handleincreased demand.

• The Internet Computing architecture is comprisedof the desktop client tier, the application tier, andthe database tier.

• The applications tier is comprised of five servers.• Load balancing allows clients to utilize the least

loaded forms servers.

• Oracle Applications Release 11i utilizes the multi-tier Internet Computing architecture.

• The Internet Computing architecture reducesdesktop administration, improves networkefficiency, and provides easy scalability to handleincreased demand.

• The Internet Computing architecture is comprisedof the desktop client tier, the application tier, andthe database tier.

• The applications tier is comprised of five servers.• Load balancing allows clients to utilize the least

loaded forms servers.

This lesson covered the multi-tier architecture used in Oracle Applications Release 11i.A multi-tier architecture allows processing to be distributed across multiple servers.Client access is provided in the form of a Java client applet. The client applet is runusing a Java-enabled web browser. Isolating the client software from the applicationcode itself allows for easier maintenance.



Practice


1 What is the basic architecture of Internet Computing?2 What is JInitiator?3 List the elements that reside on the application tier.4 What is the purpose for the Administration server?5 What is the purpose of the Forms server?6 Briefly explain the process of load balancing.

1 What is the basic architecture of Internet Computing?2 What is JInitiator?3 List the elements that reside on the application tier.4 What is the purpose for the Administration server?5 What is the purpose of the Forms server?6 Briefly explain the process of load balancing.

PracticePractice

Practice Solutions1 What is the basic architecture of Internet Computing?

The Internet Computing architecture provides Oracle Applications witha framework for multi-tier, distributed computing. Processingcapabilities exist on three separate levels: the desktop client tier, theapplication tier, and the database tier.

2 What is JInitiator?JInitiator is Oracle's Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is implementedon the desktop client. JInitiator allows Oracle Applications to run underthe most current Java code set and is the preferred method of accessingOracle Applications.

3 List the elements that reside on the application tier.The Web Server, the Forms Server(s), the Concurrent Processing Server,the Reports Server, and the Administration Server.

4 What is the purpose of the Administration server?The Oracle Applications Administration server is used to:

– Install and upgrade the database– Apply database patches– Maintain applications data



5 What is the purpose of the Forms server?– The Forms server hosts the Forms Server engine.– The Forms server mediates the communication between the client andthe Oracle8i database.

6 Briefly explain the process of load balancing.Load balancing allows the middle-tier processing to be spread overmultiple Forms servers. In a load-balancing configuration, a single pointof coordination takes place with the cgi-bin load balancer. The cgi-binload balancer determines the least loaded forms server. When a clientissues a request to download the Forms client applet and thus initiate aforms session, the cgi-bin load balancer determines the name of the least-loaded host for the applet to connect to and returns it to the client in anHTML page. The client can now access the least loaded forms serverdirectly and conduct transactions with the data server.


Oracle Applications Database StructureChapter 4 - Page 1

Oracle Applications DatabaseStructureChapter 4



Oracle Applications Database Structure


Oracle Applications Database StructureOracle Applications Database Structure



Objectives



• Oracle Applications database objects• Use of schemas within Oracle Applications• Multiple Organization Architecture• Multiple Sets of Books Architecture• Multiple Reporting Currencies• Advanced features of Oracle8i used by Oracle

Applications

• Oracle Applications database objects• Use of schemas within Oracle Applications• Multiple Organization Architecture• Multiple Sets of Books Architecture• Multiple Reporting Currencies• Advanced features of Oracle8i used by Oracle

Applications

This lesson describes the components of an Oracle Applications installation that arestored in the Oracle8i database. It also discusses the schemas used to provide access tothese objects.At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Give examples of Oracle Applications database objects.• Explain the use of schemas within Oracle Applications.• Explain how Multiple Organization Architecture is implemented.• Explain how Multiple Sets of Books Architecture is implemented.• Explain how Multiple Reporting Currencies are implemented.• Describe Oracle 8i features used by Oracle Applications.



Lesson Overview



Oracle8i Oracle8i

DatabaseDatabase


File SystemFile System

Business dataBusiness data Processing ProgramsProcessing Programs

Within its multi-tier architecture, Oracle Applications stores its business data inOracle8i database tables. Additional database objects such as indexes and views arealso used when processing these tables. Code modules in the form of stored proceduresare contained in the database. Help files are stored in the database in Release 11i.This lesson discusses:

• The database objects used by Oracle Applications• Oracle Applications’ use of schemas to control access



Oracle Applications Database Objects


Oracle Applications Database ObjectsOracle Applications Database Objects

TablesTables

ViewsViews

IndexesIndexes

SequencesSequences

TriggersTriggers

PackagesPackages

Data ObjectsData Objects Code ObjectsCode Objects

SynonymsSynonyms

Oracle Applications uses an Oracle8i database to store its database objects. Theseobjects store both business data as well as some of the code modules. In general, eachapplication module has its own set of database objects.These objects can be broadly defined into two categories.Data objects are used for storing and accessing business data. These objects includetables, indexes, and sequences.Code objects are used to process the data. Code objects are stored in the database andused for optimizing application processing. Code objects include triggers, packages,synonyms and views.



Schemas


SchemasSchemas

TablesTables

IndexesIndexes

SequencesSequences

INVINV

ViewsViews

TriggersTriggers

PackagesPackages

APPSAPPS

SynonymsSynonyms

A schema is a named collection of database objects. The schema is the “owner” of itsobjects and controls access to the objects. A schema can allow another schema to useits objects by granting the second schema access.With Oracle Applications the concept of a database schema is directly tied to theconcept of a database user. That is, a schema in an Oracle database has a one-to-onerelationship with a database user. The database user and the schema have the samename. The example above shows the database user and the schema on the left as APPSand on the right as INV (inventory).Note that the database objects are divided between the product schemas and the APPSschema. The product schemas contain only their own tables, sequences, and indexes.All other objects (triggers, views, packages) reside in the APPS schema.



APPS Schema


APPS SchemaAPPS Schema

GL SchemaGL Schema

INV SchemaINV Schema

APPS SchemaAPPS Schema

ViewsViews

TriggersTriggers

PackagesPackages

SynonymsSynonyms

Oracle Applications is tightly integrated. A procedure in one schema may access datain a second schema and call a function in a third. To accomplish this, the procedureneeds access to all three schemas. However, maintaining the access rights to all three istime-consuming and error prone. Using the APPS schema solves this problem.Each product’s schema grants full privileges to the APPS schema. The APPS schemahas synonyms to all base product tables and sequences.



Oracle Applications Product Schemas


Oracle Applications Product SchemasOracle Applications Product Schemas

GL SchemaGL Schema AR SchemaAR Schema

GL_PERIODSGL_PERIODS

GL_JE_LINESGL_JE_LINES AR_BATCHES_ALLAR_BATCHES_ALL

AR_DISPUTE_HISTORYAR_DISPUTE_HISTORY

In general, for each product there is a corresponding schema that stores that product’sdata objects. The default Oracle schema name and password for a product are usuallythe same as the product’s short name. For exampleOracle General Ledger objects are in the schema GL

• Oracle Receivables objects are in the schema AR



Additional Schemas


Additional SchemasAdditional Schemas

HR HR

PAY

PER

APPLSYSAPPLSYS

AOL

AD

APPLSYSPUBAPPLSYSPUB

APPSAPPS

The data objects for some products are combined within a single schema. For example,tables for the Human Resources products (PER, PAY, etc.) are combined under the HRschema; tables for the Application Technology Layer products (AOL, AD, etc.) arecombined under the APPLSYS schema.There is an additional schema, APPLSYSPUB, that is used only during the signonprocess which does not actually own any database objects.The APPS_MRC schema is used if you install the Multiple Reporting Currenciesoption. (APPS_ refers to the name of your Oracle Applications database).



Schemas Used During Signon


Schemas Used During SignonSchemas Used During Signon

APPLSYSPUBAPPLSYSPUB

APPSAPPS

GLGL

When you sign on to Oracle Applications, you are connecting to the APPLSYSPUBschema. APPLSYSPUB is owned by the Application Object Library and it’s function isto validate the user name and password that you enter.Once your signon and password have been verified, you can select a responsibility.You are then connected to the APPS schema.Once connected to the APPS schema, you can use forms from the APPS schema toaccess data in a product schema.



Multiple Organization Architecture Views


Multiple Organization Architecture ViewsMultiple Organization Architecture Views

Org_IdOrg_Id

Column Column

SO_Headers_All TableSO_Headers_All TableEastern Region

View

Western Region

View

You can support multiple organizations running any Oracle Applications product witha single installation. These different organizations can reflect different sets of books,different business groups, legal entities, operating units or inventory organizations.Organizations that share the same functional currency, Accounting Flexfield, andcalendar can post to the same set of books.When you run any Oracle Applications product, you first choose an organization eitherimplicitly by choosing a responsibility or explicitly in a Choose Organization window.After you have chosen a particular organization, all forms and reports displayinformation for that organization only.This Multiple Organization Architecture is a virtual partitioning solution which securesinformation by operating unit using views within the APPS schema. These viewdefinitions use the values in the Org_Id column to guarantee that only the informationappropriate for that organization is returned to the user.



Multiple Sets of Books Architecture


Multiple Sets of Books ArchitectureMultiple Sets of Books Architecture

APPLSYS GL

APPS2

APPS

INV1 AR1 AP1

INV2 AR2 AP2

Prior to Release 10.6, partitioning was implemented through what is known as MultipleSets of Books architecture (MSOBA). Multiple copies of the subledger products suchas Oracle Receivables were installed, each in a different ORACLE schema (forinstance AR1 and AR2), in order to partition the product’s data by ‘set of books’.This graphic illustrates a multiple product installation group architecture for two sets ofbooks. There are two APPS schemas, two INV schemas, two AR schemas and two APschemas. The APPLSYS schema, like the GL schema, require only a singleinstallation.MSOBA's physical partitioning solution has been replaced by Multi-Org's virtualpartitioning. Multi-Org makes multiple installations of product schemas unnecessary,simplifying upgrades and patching.Although new installations of Oracle Applications cannot use MSOBA, Release 11iwill continue to support existing Multiple Sets of Books architecture installations andin fact will allow additional product installation groups to be added. All MSOBAinstallations must be converted to Multi-Org before upgrading to Release 12.



Multiple Reporting Currencies


Multiple Reporting CurrenciesMultiple Reporting Currencies

Primary Set of BooksPrimary Set of Books Reporting Set of BooksReporting Set of Books

Currency: Currency: USDUSD

Currency: Currency:

BEFBEF

Primary ResponsibilityPrimary Responsibility Reporting ResponsibilityReporting Responsibility

STANDARD DataSTANDARD Data

GroupGroup

MRC DataMRC Data

GroupGroup

APPS_MRC SchemaAPPS_MRC SchemaAPPS SchemaAPPS Schema

The Multiple Reporting Currencies (MRC) feature allows you to report and maintainaccounting records at the transaction level in more than one functional currency. Youdo this by defining one or more reporting sets of books in addition to your primary setof books. In your reporting sets of books, you maintain records in a functional currencyother than your primary functional currency. The data for the reporting set of books isstored in its own schema having its own tables and views.MRC is supported for the following products: General Ledger, Assets, CashManagement, Cost Management, Global Accounting Engine, Payables, Projects,Purchasing, and Receivables.



Oracle8i Features Used by Oracle Applications 11i


Oracle8i Features Used by OracleApplications 11i

Oracle8i Features Used by OracleApplications 11i

• Advanced Queuing (Workflow)• Temporary tables• Index-organized tables• Partitioned tables (Concurrent Manager)• Materialized views• Invoker’s Rights

• Advanced Queuing (Workflow)• Temporary tables• Index-organized tables• Partitioned tables (Concurrent Manager)• Materialized views• Invoker’s Rights

The Oracle 8i features listed above are briefly described on subsequent slides. Fordetailed information regarding these features, see the Oracle 8i documentation.



Advanced Queuing


Advanced QueuingAdvanced Queuing

Advanced Queuing

Index-organized Tables

Invoker’s Rights

Temporary Tables

PartitionedTables

Materialized Views

Oracle Advanced Queuing (Oracle AQ) integrates a message queuing system with theOracle database. This allows you to store messages into queues for deferred retrievaland processing by the Oracle server.Benefits of Advanced QueuingOracle Workflow utilizes Advanced Queuing to provide multi-protocol/platformsupport for implementation in heterogeneous environments. This allows Workflow toenable cross application integration throughout an organization while maintainingreliable and scalable performance.Advanced Queuing also allows Workflow to operate outside of the database and acrossservers. This enables users to create Application or Master Workflows that control andmanage the flow of data and decisions across different servers and applications.



Temporary Tables


Temporary TablesTemporary Tables

Advanced Queuing


Invoker’s Rights

Temporary Tables

PartitionedTables

Materialized Views

A temporary table is a table with session-specific or transaction-specific data. It isempty when the session or transaction begins, and the data discarded at the end of thesession or transaction. Temporary tables are useful for saving intermediate results thatcan be joined back into another table.Benefits of Temporary TablesIn past applications releases, a new table was created to store this intermediate data andthe table dropped when the transaction was complete. With temporary tables, thiscreating and dropping of tables is no longer necessary, thus improving performance ofupgrades and other data transactions.



Index-Organized Tables


Index-Organized TablesIndex-Organized Tables

Advanced Queuing


Invoker’s Rights

Temporary Tables

PartitionedTables

Materialized Views

Index-Organized TablesIndex-Organized TablesIndex-Organized TablesIndex-Organized Tables

An index-organized table differs from an ordinary table in that the data for the table isheld in its associated index. Changes to the table data, such as adding new rows,updating rows, or deleting rows, result in updating the index.Benefits of Index-Organized TablesBecause data rows are stored in the index, index-organized tables provide faster key-based access to table data for queries that involve exact match or range search or both.The storage requirements are reduced because key columns are not duplicated as theyare in an ordinary table and its index.



Partitioned Tables


Partitioned TablesPartitioned Tables

Advanced Queuing


Invoker’s Rights

Temporary Tables

PartitionedTables

Materialized Views

Partitioned tables allow your data to be broken down into smaller, more manageablepieces called partitions, or even subpartitions. Partitioned tables are customizable to thespecific needs of individual customers.Benefits of Partitioned TablesEach partition can be managed individually, and can operate independently of the otherpartitions, thus providing a structure that can be better tuned for availability andperformance.



Materialized Views


Materialized ViewsMaterialized Views

Advanced Queuing


Invoker’s Rights

Temporary Tables

PartitionedTables

Materialized Views

Materialized ViewsMaterialized ViewsMaterialized ViewsMaterialized Views

Materialized views are schema objects that can be used to summarize, precompute,replicate, and distribute data. They are suitable in various computing environmentssuch as data warehousing, decision support, and distributed or mobile computing.Benefits of Materialized ViewsCost-based optimization can make use of materialized views to improve queryperformance by automatically recognizing when a materialized view can and should beused to satisfy a request. The optimizer transparently rewrites the request to use thematerialized view. Queries are then directed to the materialized view and not to theunderlying detail tables or views.In distributed environments, materialized views are used to replicate data at distributedsites and synchronize updates done at several sites with conflict resolution methods.The materialized views as replicas provide local access to data which otherwise wouldhave to be accessed from remote sites.



Invoker’s Rights


Invoker’s RightsInvoker’s Rights

Advanced Queuing


Invoker’s Rights

Temporary Tables

PartitionedTables

Materialized Views

The invoker-rights model, introduced in this release, allows programs to be executedwith the privileges of the calling user. Prior releases used a definer-rights modelwherein programs execute with the privileges of the creating user. An invoker-rightsprocedure executes with all of the invoker's privileges. Roles are enabled unless theinvoker-rights procedure was called directly or indirectly by a definer-rights procedure.Benefits of Invoker’s RightsInvoker’s Rights eliminates the need to duplicate packages in other APPS schemas (e.g.APPS_MRC, APPS2, APPS3,...). Therefore, maintenance of Multiple ReportingCurrencies (MRC) and Multiple Set of Books Architecture (MSOBA) is much quicker,less complicated, and less expensive.



Lesson Summary



• Oracle Applications uses an Oracle8i database tostore and process business data.

• Schemas are groups of database objects and areused to control access to those objects.

• Each product has its own schema that contains itstables and indexes .

• The APPS schema has access to all the productschemas and also contains the database objectsused for processing.

• Oracle Applications Release 11i uses many of theadvanced features of Oracle8i.

• Oracle Applications uses an Oracle8i database tostore and process business data.

• Schemas are groups of database objects and areused to control access to those objects.

• Each product has its own schema that contains itstables and indexes .

• The APPS schema has access to all the productschemas and also contains the database objectsused for processing.

• Oracle Applications Release 11i uses many of theadvanced features of Oracle8i.



Practice


1 There are two categories of database objects. Name them andan example of each.

2 Define “schema.”3 What is the difference between the APPS schema and the

APPLSYS schema?4 What benefit does using the APPS schema provide?5 How does Oracle Applications use views to implement Multi-

Org processing?6 What are the benefits of MRC?7 Oracle Applications Release 11i utilizes several Oracle 8i

features, name two.

1 There are two categories of database objects. Name them andan example of each.

2 Define “schema.”3 What is the difference between the APPS schema and the

APPLSYS schema?4 What benefit does using the APPS schema provide?5 How does Oracle Applications use views to implement Multi-

Org processing?6 What are the benefits of MRC?7 Oracle Applications Release 11i utilizes several Oracle 8i

features, name two.

PracticePractice

Practice Solutions1 There are two categories of database objects. Name them and an example of

each.Data objects are used for storing and accessing business data and includetables, indexes, and sequences. Code objects are used to process the dataand include triggers, packages, synonyms and views.

2 Define “schema.”A named collection of database objects.

3 What is the difference between the APPS schema and the APPLSYS schema?The APPLSYS schema owns the Application Object Library (AOL)database objects. The APPS schema is a general purpose schema withaccess to all product schema objects.

4 What benefit does using the APPS schema provide?All product schemas grant access to APPS. This simplifies the accessrequirements needed to allow product dependency processing.

5 How does Oracle Applications use views to implement MultiOrg processing?Each different organization uses a different view to access and display theinformation appropriate to its organization. The values stored in acolumn called the Organization_ID Column are used to distinguishbetween views.



6 What are the benefits of MRC?The Multiple Reporting Currencies (MRC) feature allows you to reportand maintain accounting records at the transaction level in more thanone functional currency.

7 Oracle Applications Release 11i utilizes several Oracle 8i features, name two.– Advanced Queuing– Temporary tables– Index-organized tables– Partitioned tables– Materialized views– Invoker’s Rights


Oracle Applications File System Chapter 5 - Page 1

Oracle Applications FileSystemChapter 5



Oracle Applications File System


Oracle Applications File SystemOracle Applications File System



Objectives



• The APPL_TOP directory• A typical product directory• The APPL_TOP/ad directory• The APPL_TOP/au directory• The APPL_TOP/admin directory

• The APPL_TOP directory• A typical product directory• The APPL_TOP/ad directory• The APPL_TOP/au directory• The APPL_TOP/admin directory

This lesson describes the file system used to store the files belonging to OracleApplications, the technology stack components, and the Oracle Applications database.At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Explain the importance of the APPL_TOP directory.• Describe the contents of a typical product directory.• Describe the contents of the $APPL_TOP/ad directory.• Describe the contents of the $APPL_TOP/au directory• Describe the contents of the $APPL_TOP/admin directory.



Objectives



• The Common Components directory• The Technology Stack directory• The Oracle Database Files directory• The Oracle Enterprise Manager directory• Java and HTML files used by Oracle Applications• File types in the file system

• The Common Components directory• The Technology Stack directory• The Oracle Database Files directory• The Oracle Enterprise Manager directory• Java and HTML files used by Oracle Applications• File types in the file system

• Describe the contents of the Common Components directory• Describe the contents of the Technology Stack directory• Describe the contents of the Oracle Database Files directory• Explain the purpose for the Oracle Enterprise Manager directory• Locate Java and HTML files used by Oracle Applications• Define some of the types of files in the file system



Lesson Overview



(to Product(to Product

Directories)Directories)(to Log/Out(to Log/Out

and Java Files)and Java Files)

(to Oracle8i(to Oracle8i

and Toolsand ToolsFiles)Files)

(to Oracle(to Oracle

ApplicationsApplicationsDatabase)Database)

(to Oracle(to Oracle

EnterpriseEnterpriseManagerManager

Agent)Agent)

<<envenv name>APPL name>APPL OEMAgentOEMAgent<< env env name >DATA name >DATA

<< env env name >ORA name >ORA

<< env env name >COMN name >COMN

This lesson is important because Oracle Applications 11i Environment usescomponents from many other Oracle products. It stores these product files withinseveral different file systems. This lesson provides you with an understanding of theOracle Applications Environment file systems.



Oracle Applications File System


Oracle Applications File SystemOracle Applications File System

<<envenv name>APPL/115 name>APPL/115

11.5.011.5.0

fndfndauau

11.5.011.5.0

invinv

11.5.011.5.0

<<dbdb name>. name>.envenv adminadmin

11.5.011.5.0

Administrative FilesAdministrative Files Product FilesProduct Files

The Oracle Applications file system contains the product files for Oracle Applicationsitself. The Oracle Applications file system contains:The Oracle applications environment file (default name is <db name>.env, where dbname is the name of the database).

• A directory for each of the products, licensed or not, that have been installedunder the <env name>APPL/115, or APPL_TOP directory. (Note: This is amajor change in Release 11i. All products, regardless of their license status, areinstalled into the database AND the file system.) Product directories use thestandard product abbreviations.

• Additional directories for administration and maintenance



APPL_TOP Directory


APPL_TOP DirectoryAPPL_TOP Directory


11.5.011.5.0

fndfndauau

11.5.011.5.0

invinv

11.5.011.5.0

<< db db name >. name >.envenv adminadmin

11.5.011.5.0

APPL_TOP= <APPL_TOP= <envenv name>APPL/115 name>APPL/115

The top level directory path is defined in an environment variable APPL_TOP.For both an installation and upgrade of Oracle Applications, Rapid Install creates thenew APPL_TOP, or top Applications directory and defaults the APPL_TOP directoryvalue to <db name>APPL.This variable is used in subsequent directory definitions, and is also used as a term torefer to a particular Oracle Applications file system.

Technical note:The <db name>.env file is a very important file containing parameters defining theOracle Applications environment. Typically, Rapid Install creates the <db name>.envfile during the installation. Many of the parameters located in the <db name>.env filedefine important directories within the Oracle Applications file structure. For example,the APPL_TOP directory is identified in the environment parameter APPL_TOP.Additional parameters point to product top directories. These and other parameters arediscussed during this lesson.



Oracle Applications Product Directories


Oracle Applications Product DirectoriesOracle Applications Product Directories


11.5.011.5.0

fndfndauau

11.5.011.5.0

invinv

11.5.011.5.0

<< db db name >. name >.envenv adminadmin

11.5.011.5.0

Each product has its own subdirectory. Since products can exist at different versionlevels, the version is typically reflected in the subdirectory name. Keep in mind thatmultiple releases and product versions cannot exist in a single APPL_TOP directory.The product subdirectory name is defined in an environment variable <PROD>_TOP,where < PROD> is the product short name.For example, the slide shows three product directories. The paths to these directorieswould be defined in the following declarations in the <db name>.env file:AU_TOP=APPL_TOP/au/11.5.0FND_TOP =APPL_TOP/fnd/11.5.0INV_TOP=APPL_TOP/inv/11.5.0



Distributing Files Across Multiple Disks


Distributing Files Across Multiple DisksDistributing Files Across Multiple Disks

<<dbdb name>. name>.envenv

/d01//d01/applappl/115/115

glgl

$APPL_TOP = /d01/$APPL_TOP = /d01/applappl/115/115

$GL_TOP = /d01/$GL_TOP = /d01/applappl/115//115/glgl/11.5/11.5

$OE_TOP = /d02/$OE_TOP = /d02/applappl/115//115/oeoe/11.5/11.5

/d02//d02/applappl/115/115

apap

11511511.511.5

Oracle Applications files require a significant amount of space. All files may not fit ona single disk. You can distribute product directories across several disks if space is aproblem.When you install Oracle Applications, you can choose to put products’ files on disksother than the main disk. Rapid Install’s multi-node install provides this option. If aproduct’s directory is not located on the same disk, define the full path to the directoryin the <PROD>_TOP parameter in the <db name>.env file.Technical note 1:The ad, au, fnd, and admin directories must reside on the same disk containing thedirectory identified by the APPL_TOP parameter.Also note the lack of a period for Java compatibility in the example APPL_TOP value.Technical note 2:Use Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) compliant mount point designations. OFA isa set of file naming and placement guidelines for Oracle software and databases. OFAhelps users avoid problems by optimizing Oracle’s relationship with its host operatingsystem. One OFA rule is to name mount points using the format /x..xn..n, where x..x isa character string and n..n is a number (use zeros to pad fixed length numbers). Theslide shows examples of this naming convention. See the Oracle8i Administrator'sGuide for detailed information on Optimal Flexible Architecture.



Product Directories


Product DirectoriesProduct Directories

<PROD>_TOP<PROD>_TOP

adminadmin javajava mediamedia

binbin htmlhtml liblib mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql

formsforms includeinclude loglog outout reportsreports

helphelp resourceresource

sqlsql

The product directory contains many subdirectories that group the different files forthat product. A typical product directory will have the subdirectories shown, however,there may be differences based upon configuration. These subdirectories are explainedon the following pages.



Admin Directory


Admin DirectoryAdmin Directory

adminadmin

driverdriver importimport odfodf sqlsql

<PROD>_TOP<PROD>_TOP

javajava mediamedia

binbin htmlhtml liblib mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql



sqlsql

The admin subdirectory contains files used by AutoUpgrade to upgrade products to thecurrent release.The admin subdirectory has several subdirectories of its own:driver: the upgrade driver files (.drv). The upgrade process is divided into severalphases. Phase driver files specify processing by phase. Example files: glseq.drv createssequences for the General Ledger (GL) product during the sequence phase; glfile.drv,lists the GL files needed to run the application, gldep.drv, specifies dependenciesbetween GL and other products so that upgrade jobs between products are processed inthe correct order.import: the import files used to upgrade seed data.odf: the object description files used to create tables and other database objects.sql: the SQL scripts and PL/SQL scripts used to upgrade data.



Bin Directory


Bin DirectoryBin Directory

binbin

< PROD >_TOP< PROD >_TOP

javajava mediamedia

htmlhtml liblib mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql



sqlsql

adminadmin

The concurrent programs, other C language programs and shell scripts for each productare stored in its respective bin directory. Of particular importance to OracleApplications are the FND_TOP/bin and AD_TOP/bin directories. Some of theprograms you will find here include:f60webmx: the applications form processor (in FND_TOP/bin)FNDLIBR: the concurrent manager (in FND_TOP/bin)startmgr: a Unix shell script to start the concurrent manager (in FND_TOP/bin)fdfcmp: the flexfield compiler (in FND_TOP/bin)FNDMDGEN: a message file generator (in FND_TOP/bin)adadmin: the AD Administration utility (in AD_TOP/bin)adpatch: the AutoPatch utility (in AD_TOP/bin)



Forms Directory


Forms DirectoryForms Directory

formsforms

USUS


javajava mediamedia


patchpatch

plsqlplsql

includeinclude loglog outout reportsreports


sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

The forms directory contains Oracle Forms files. Oracle Forms may be portable sourcefiles (.fmb files) or generated runtime files (.fmx files). The installation utilitygenerates form files by converting the .fmb source file to .fmx runtime files. The sourcefiles are stored in AU_TOP/forms so generation of runtime files can be done moreeasily.A subdirectory exists for the language(s) installed. This subdirectory is namedaccording to the language, e.g., /US for American English forms, /D for German forms,/F for French forms. Using forms in other languages is covered in the lesson onLanguages and Localizations.



Help Directory


Help DirectoryHelp Directory

helphelp

USUS


javajava mediamedia


patchpatch

plsqlplsql


resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

The help directory contains the online help source files. These files are imported intothe database during an install or an upgrade to optimize the performance of online help.Under the help directory, there is a language directory to store the help files for eachlanguage in which your are running Oracle Applications.



HTML Directory


HTML DirectoryHTML Directory

htmlhtml


javajava mediamedia

liblib mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql


resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

HTML DirectoryHTML Directory

The html subdirectory contains HTML, Javascripts, and Java Server Page files used byvarious products. These files are used primarily by products that have a Self-Serviceinterface. The Javascripts (.js) and Java Server Page (.jsp) files are kept in the maindirectory. HTML files are kept in subdirectories by language.



Include Directory


Include DirectoryInclude Directory

includeinclude


javajava mediamedia

liblib mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql

loglog outout reportsreports

resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

The include directory contains header (.h) files. These files may be required by the filescontained in the lib directory for the relinking process.Note that not all products have an include directory.



Java Directory


Java DirectoryJava Directory

*.jar*.jar

javajava

makemake jarjar


mediamedialiblibmesgmesg patchpatch

plsqlplsqlloglog

outoutreportsreports

resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadminbinbin

formsforms

helphelphtmlhtml

includeinclude

This directory is used to initially store Java files. During the installation or the upgrade,the files are copied to the directories identified in the JAVA_TOP environment variable(these directories are defined in the environment file you create during the installationprocess). This is done to optimize processing.For each product that uses Java, there will be one or more Java ARchive (JAR) filesunder the jar directory. There will also be a product specific .dep file under the makedirectory that specifies the dependencies between this product and other products usingJava.



Lib Directory


Lib DirectoryLib Directory

liblib


javajava mediamedia

mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql


resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

includeinclude

At some time, you may need to relink Applications programs, for example if youupgrade the Oracle8i server.The lib subdirectory contains files pertinent to the process of relinking Applicationsprograms:object files: (.o files), one for each C program to relink.a library file: (.a file) the compiled C code common to that product’s programs.a makefile: (.mk file) specifying how to relink the .o files with the .a file to create thenewly linked C programs.For example, the $GL_TOP/lib directory contains:

• glpmai.o (object module for the GLPPOS program)• glcmai.o (object module for the GLCCON program)• other .o files• libgl.a the gl library file• gl.mk the makefile for all gl programs



Log and Out Directories


Log and Out DirectoriesLog and Out Directories

loglog outout


javajava mediamedia

mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql

reportsreports

resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

includeinclude

liblib

When the concurrent managers run Oracle Applications reports or data updateprograms, they write output files as well as diagnostic log files and temporary files, todirectories defined during the installation process. There are two methods for storinglog and output files: 1) in each product’s log and out directories, which is the default or2) a common log and output subdirectory.The log directory holds concurrent log files from each concurrent request as well as theconcurrent manager log files.The out directory holds the concurrent report output files.The default locations for these two files are <PROD>_TOP/log and<PROD>_TOP/out, but you can change the default directory and the default file namesby changing the APPLLOG and APPLOUT environment variables in the <dbname>.env file.You can consolidate all product log and out files into one directory by defining theAPPLCSF environment variable in the <db name>.env. This parameter identifies adirectory to hold all log and output files.



Media Directory


Media DirectoryMedia Directory


javajava

mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql


resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

includeinclude

liblib

mediamedia

The Applications Forms client applets display text and graphics in the form of .gif files.The media directory contains all product specific .gif files.



Mesg Directory


Mesg DirectoryMesg Directory


javajava patchpatch

plsqlplsqlloglog outout

reportsreports

resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

includeinclude

liblib

mediamedia

mesgmesg

US.US.msgmsg

Applications forms display messages at the bottom of the screen and in pop-up boxes.Applications concurrent programs also print messages in their log and output files.These messages can be translated into different languages and are stored in messagefiles separate from the forms and programs. Each product’s mesg directory containsone or more files for the language-specific messages that the product uses:

• .msb files contain the binary messages used at runtime.• a standard American English install will contain a US.msb file.• an equivalent German message file will be titled D.msb.



Patch Directory


Patch DirectoryPatch Directory

driverdriver sqlsql odfodf importimport

115115

patchpatch


javajava plsqlplsql

loglog

outoutreportsreports

resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

includeinclude

liblib

mediamedia

mesgmesg

Any updates to Oracle Applications data or data model use a directory named patch tostore the patch files. Patch files are grouped by release within the followingsubdirectories:

• driver: contains the driver files (.drv). Phase driver files specify processing byphase.

• sql: contains sql (.sql) and PL/SQL (.pls) scripts used to update the database.• odf: contains object description files (.odf) to update the data model.• import: contains lct and slt files to update the seed data.



PL/SQL and Resource Directories


PL/SQL and Resource DirectoriesPL/SQL and Resource Directories


javajava mediamedia

mesgmesg

patchpatch


sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

includeinclude

liblib

resourceresource

plsqlplsql

These directories are used for unloading PL/SQL libraries used by Applications reportsand forms.

• The files in the plsql subdirectory (.pll files) are used by Oracle Reports.• The files in the resource subdirectory (.pll and .plx files) are used by Oracle

Forms.After these files are unloaded, they are moved to equivalent subdirectories under theAU_TOP directory.Note that not all products have PL/SQL libraries.



Reports Directory


Reports DirectoryReports Directory


javajava mediamedia

mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql

loglog outout

resourceresource

sqlsql

adminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

includeinclude

liblib

reportsreports

USUS

This directory contains the report files for this product. For each report there is aportable binary .rdf file. The AD Administration utility can regenerate these reports byconverting them to their source format (.rex files) and then back to binary format. Thisis usually recommended so the PL/SQL is optimally compiled for the platform.Reports for non-English languages are stored in their own language-specific directoryunder the reports directory.



Sql Directory


Sql DirectorySql Directory

sqlsql


javajava mediamedia

mesgmesg

patchpatch

plsqlplsql


resourceresourceadminadmin

binbin

formsforms

helphelp

htmlhtml

includeinclude

liblib

There are many SQL*Plus scripts used by Oracle Applications for concurrentprocessing. These scripts typically produce reports or perform concurrent processing.These scripts are stored as .sql files in this subdirectory.



AD Directory


AD DirectoryAD Directory

<< envenv name name >APPL/115 >APPL/115

11.5.011.5.0

adadauau<<dbdb name>. name>.envenv adminadmin

admin bin libadmin bin lib

AD stands for Applications DBA. The Applications DBA is a set of tools for installing,upgrading, and administering the Oracle Applications environment. The ad directorycontains utilities such as AutoUpgrade, AutoPatch (adpatch) and the ADAdministration (adadmin) utility. See 5-10, 5-11, and 5-17 for the contents of theadmin, bin, and lib directories.



AU Directory


AU DirectoryAU Directory

<< envenv name name >APPL/115 >APPL/115

auau

11.5.011.5.0

<<dbdb name>. name>.envenv

javajava reportsreports

adad

admin formsadmin forms plsql plsql resource resource

adminadmin

AU stands for Application Utilities. The AU_TOP directory contains product files thatare consolidated in a single location for optimal processing. These files include:PL/SQL libraries used by Oracle Reports. These are also stored in the products’ plsqlsubdirectories.

• PL/SQL libraries used by Oracle Forms. These are also stored in the products’resource subdirectories.

• Oracle Forms source files. These are also stored in the products’ formssubdirectories.

• A copy of all Java files used by JInitiator when regenerating the desktop clientjar files. The public copy of all Java files are stored in JAVA_TOP.



Admin Directory


Admin DirectoryAdmin Directory

adminadmin

adovarsadovars..envenv preupgpreupgloglog

restartrestart<<dbdb name>. name>.envenvadconfigadconfig..txttxt

loglog outout restartrestart

outoutadsetenvadsetenv

applprodapplprod..txttxt

apploraapplora..txttxt

.. adrelinkadrelink

The APPL_TOP/admin directory contains files and scripts used by the AutoUpgradeutility during the upgrade process. These include:

• a custom environment file defining certain file locations (adovars.env)• scripts run during the upgrade• text files read by AutoUpgrade• a preupg directory containing product-specific pre-upgrade scripts• log and out directories for upgrade log and output files• a restart directory where AD programs create restart files

Most AD programs put their log, out and restart files in a separate <db name>subdirectory. The value for <db name> comes from the TWO_TASK orORACLE_SID parameters. The upgrade, patch and administration utilities obtain thisvalue and store their log, out and restart files in the <db name> subdirectory.Some programs when run from the command line, cannot access the <db name> valueand therefore store their log, out, and restart files in the log, out and restart directoriesdirectly under the APPL_TOP/admin directory.



Admin Directory Text Files


Admin Directory Text FilesAdmin Directory Text Files

adminadmin

applprodapplprod..txttxt

adrelinkadrelink

preupgpreupgloglog

outout

restartrestart<<dbdb name>. name>.envenv

loglog outout restartrestart

adconfigadconfig..txttxtadlinkbkadlinkbk..txttxt

applcustapplcust..txttxt

applterrapplterr..txttxtapploraapplora..txttxt

There are many text files stored under the admin directory. These files are used bymany different utilities. Some of the files include:

• adconfig.txt: environmental configuration variable values• adlinkbk.txt: files adrelink should backup rather than delete• applcust.txt: registered customizations• applora.txt: minimum or required settings for database initialization parameters• applprod.txt: products available in this release• applterr.txt: territory description for Localizations



Common Components Directory


Common Components DirectoryCommon Components Directory

icxcaboicxcabo.zip.zip

loglogoutout htmlhtml admin*admin*javajava utilutil

appsapps

oracleoracle apps.zipapps.zip

fndfnd

jarjar

ApacheApache JRE118JRE118

<<envenv name>COMMON name>COMMON

icxicx

USUS WebToolsWebTools*.zip*.zip

fndewtfndewt.jar.jarfndswingfndswing.jar.jar

glgl

jarjarjarjar

mrpmrp(unzipped into)(unzipped into)

htmlhtml

*contains*containsRapidRapidInstallInstallscriptsscripts

xmlxml jdbcjdbc

The <env name>COMMON directory contains directories and files that are used acrossproducts or are used in conjunction with other third-party products. <env name>denotes the name of the applications environment. The environment name is defined bythe system administrator during the initial run of an AD utility.This directory also contains the consolidated log and output directories used byconcurrent processing.Unlike previous releases, Release 11i supports the placement of the java directory(JAVA_TOP) and the HTML directory (OAH_TOP) anywhere in your file system.



Copying Java Files: Product Files


Copying Java Files: Product FilesCopying Java Files: Product Files

<<envenv name>APPL/115 name>APPL/115 <<envenv name>COMMON name>COMMON

javajava

oracleoracle

appsapps

glgl11.5.011.5.0

javajavaglgl

jarjar

arar

jarjar

arar11.5.011.5.0

javajava

*.jar*.jargljargljar..depdep

makemake jarjar*.jar*.jararjararjar..depdep

makemake jarjar

Oracle Applications Release 11i makes extensive use of Java.Many Oracle Applications products use Java on the front end for forms and on the backend for data processing.Java files are installed into Oracle Applications product directories and then copied todirectories under the Common Components directory to facilitate processing.



Copying Java Files: apps.zip


Copying Java Files: apps.zipCopying Java Files: apps.zip

<<envenv name>APPL/115 name>APPL/115 <<envenv name>COMMON name>COMMON

javajava

oracleoracle

appsapps

glgl

jarjar

fafa

jarjarapps.zipapps.zip

11.5.011.5.0auau

javajava

jdbcjdbc xmlxmlapps.zipapps.zip

Apps.zip is a patchable archive of all Java class files required by Oracle Applications.Individual Java class files are never present on the file system. Apps.zip is located inAU_TOP/java and a public copy is stored under JAVA_TOP. The public copy is theone utilized in a web server environment, as the web server can see the JAVA_TOPstored apps.zip but, for security reasons, cannot access the APPL_TOP apps.zipdirectly.



Technology Stack Directory


Technology Stack Directory Technology Stack Directory

(WebDB 2.2(WebDB 2.2 Listener) Listener) (WebDB(WebDB

2.5) 2.5)

(Oracle8i)(Oracle8i)

<<envenv name>ORA name>ORA

8.08.0 8.1Web8.1Web8.18.1

binbin liblibbinbin liblib binbin liblib

javajava

forms60forms60

reports60reports60 graphics60graphics60

To take advantage of the technology stack components’ latest features, there aremultiple ORACLE_HOME directories under the Technology Stack directory. Thisslide shows which technology stack components are located in each directory.



Oracle Applications Database Files Directory


Oracle Applications Database FilesDirectory

Oracle Applications Database FilesDirectory

Disk 1

Disk 2 Disk 3

Disk 4

cntrl01log01alog02arbs01

cntrl02log01blog02bsystem01ctxd01

cntrl03

temp01product

dataproduct

index

The <env name>DATA file system contains the .dbf files that comprise the OracleApplications database itself. The Rapid Install utility installs all the system, data, andindex files across four disks. You can specify mount points and directory names duringthe installation. Oracle Applications Release 11i uses an Oracle8i data server.



Oracle Enterprise Manager Directory


Oracle Enterprise Manager DirectoryOracle Enterprise Manager Directory

OEMAgentOEMAgent

OracleOracle

EnterpriseEnterprise

ManagerManagerAgent*Agent*

*only one install*only one installper machineper machine

(8.1(8.1 ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_HOME))

In Release 11i, Oracle Applications uses the Oracle Enterprise Manager and OracleApplications Management Pack to perform many system administration andmonitoring tasks. The product files for Oracle Enterprise Manager are installed underthe OEMAgent file system. If you choose to perform a multi-node install using RapidInstall to spread your Oracle Applications environment across multiple machines, youwill need to install Oracle Enterprise Manager on each machine as well.



File Types


File TypesFile Types

• DataMerge files• Forms files• Java ARchive files• Log files• PL/SQL files• Reports files

• DataMerge files• Forms files• Java ARchive files• Log files• PL/SQL files• Reports files

The Oracle Applications file system contains a variety of files. This list describes someof the types of files you will find in the file system:

Extension Description

.a Library files that contain compiled C code

.c C source files.ctl DataMerge control file.dat DataMerge Import/Export parameter file.dmp Import/Export data export file.drv Driver files.env Environment files in UNIX.exp DataMerge data export file.fmb Binary forms files.fmx Executable forms files.frm Compiled forms files.h C header files.jar Java Archive files.lc C files that are linked into libraries

.log Log files



Extension Description

.lpc Pro*C files that are linked into libraries.msb Binary message files.msg Readable (text) message files

.o Object files used to relink Applications.odf Object Description Files.oc Similar to .lc except these contain a main() function.opc Similar to .lpc except these contain a main() function.out Output files.pdf Acrobat files or report output.plb PL/SQL package bodies.pll PL/SQL shared libraries.pls PL/SQL package specifications.rdf Oracle Reports files (non-executable).req Log files from a concurrent request.rex Oracle Reports executables.sql SQL*Plus scripts



Lesson Summary



• Oracle Applications uses a file system to store itsprograms.

• Each product has its own directory structure tostore its programs.

• Additional subdirectories store utilities andcommon programs and libraries.

• Oracle Applications uses a file system to store itsprograms.

• Each product has its own directory structure tostore its programs.

• Additional subdirectories store utilities andcommon programs and libraries.

• The APPL_TOP is the top level file system directory.• Each product subdirectories have the same structure.• AD_TOP contains tools for installing, upgrading and administering the

Applications environment.• AU_TOP contains consolidated product files for optimal processing.• The Common Components directory contains directories and files that are used

across products or are used in conjunction with other third-party products.• Apps.zip is a patchable archive of all Java class files required by Oracle

Applications.• The Technology Stack directories contain components of the technology stack.• The Oracle Database Files directories contain the .dbf files that comprise the

Oracle Applications database itself.• The Oracle Enterprise Manager directories contain the product files for the

Oracle Enterprise Manager.• The Oracle Applications file system contains a variety of file types.



Practice


1 What is the purpose of the APPL_TOP directory?2 What is the difference between the APPL_TOP directory and,

for example, the GL_TOP directory?3 One important file in the APPL_TOP directory is the <db

name>.env file. What is its purpose?4 What is the difference between APPL_TOP/admin and

APPL_TOP/GL_TOP/admin?5 Java files exist in three locations. Name two.6 What is located in the AD directory?7 Name two of the text files located in the APPL_TOP/admin

directory. What is each file used for?8 What is apps.zip?

1 What is the purpose of the APPL_TOP directory?2 What is the difference between the APPL_TOP directory and,

for example, the GL_TOP directory?3 One important file in the APPL_TOP directory is the <db

name>.env file. What is its purpose?4 What is the difference between APPL_TOP/admin and

APPL_TOP/GL_TOP/admin?5 Java files exist in three locations. Name two.6 What is located in the AD directory?7 Name two of the text files located in the APPL_TOP/admin

directory. What is each file used for?8 What is apps.zip?

PracticePractice

Practice Solutions1 What is the purpose of the APPL_TOP directory?

APPL_TOP identifies the top level directory for the Applicationsinstallation. Using the APPL_TOP variable simplifies the definition ofproduct directories.

2 What is the difference between the APPL_TOP directory and, for example, theGL_TOP directory?

APPL_TOP is the top-level applications directory. Only General Ledgerproduct files are stored under GL_TOP. GL_TOP itself is stored underAPPL_TOP.

3 One important file in the APPL_TOP directory is the <db _name>.env file. Whatis its purpose?

This file defines the application environment.4 What is the difference between APPL_TOP/admin and GL_TOP/admin?

The GL_TOP/admin directory contains the product specific filesnecessary to upgrade GL. The APPL_TOP/admin directory contains filesused by the upgrade utility (AutoUpgrade).

5 Java files exist in three locations. Name two.They are stored in the product subdirectory /java, in the JAVA_TOPdirectory, and in the AU_TOP/java directory.



6 What is located in the AD directory?Administrative and maintenance utilities

7 Name two of the text files located in the APPL_TOP/admin directory. What iseach file used for?

– adconfig.txt: environmental configuration variable values– adlinkbk.txt: files adrelink should backup rather than delete– applcust.txt: registered customizations– applora.txt: minimum or required settings for database initialization

parameters– applprod.txt: products available in this release– applterr.txt: territory description for localizations

8 What is apps.zip?Apps.zip is a patchable archive of all Java class files required by Oracle

Applications.


Applications Environment Files Chapter 6 - Page 1

Applications EnvironmentFilesChapter 6



Applications Environment Files


Applications Environment FilesApplications Environment Files


Applications Environment FilesApplications Environment Files



Objectives



• The Oracle Applications environment file• The adovars.env file• The adconfig.txt file• The fndenv.env file• The devenv.env file• The user defaults file






Oracle Applications uses the information stored in several files to define your operatingenvironment. This lesson describes the environment files you use to define andcustomize the processing of Oracle Applications.At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• Define the Oracle Applications environment files.• Explain the purpose for the adovars.env file.• Explain the purpose for the adconfig.txt and the user defaults files.• Explain the purpose for the fndenv.env and the devenv.env files.



Lesson Overview



• APPL_TOP/<db name>.env• APPL_TOP/admin/adovars.env• APPL_TOP/admin/adconfig.txt• FND_TOP/fndenv.env• FND_TOP/devenv.env• user defaults file






There are several files you define to control the setup and processing of your OracleApplications environment. This lesson is important because it explains the OracleApplications environment files, the information contained in them, and theramifications of the processing options.



Oracle Applications Environment File


Oracle Applications Environment FileOracle Applications Environment File

APPL_TOP=

FND_TOP=

APPLLOG=

NLS_LANG=

<<dbdb name> name>..envenv



APPL_TOP=

FND_TOP=

APPLLOG=

NLS_LANG=

<<dbdb name> name>..envenv

The Oracle Applications environment file is a script that sets the environment forrunning Oracle Applications.When you install or upgrade Oracle Applications, Rapid Install creates this script inyour APPL_TOP directory. Some of the variables can be changed during the installprocess. The file name depends on the platform on which you are running.On Unix, the default file name is <db name>.env, where <db name> is the name ofyour ORACLE_SID or TWO_TASK.

• On Windows NT, the file name information is stored in the Windows Registry.





PLATFORM=

FNDNAM=

APPLFENV=

APPL_TOP=

<< db db name > name >..envenv

GWYUID=



PLATFORM=

FNDNAM=

APPLFENV=

APPL_TOP=


GWYUID=


APPLFENV is the name of this environment file, <db name>.env. If you rename theenvironment file, change this parameter.PLATFORM is the execution platform. The value should match the value inAPPL_TOP/admin/adpltfrm.txt.APPL_TOP is the top level directory for this Oracle Applications installation.FNDNAM is the name of the Oracle schema to which the System Administrationresponsibility connects. The default is APPS.GWYUID is the public ORACLE username and password that grants access to theOracle Applications initial signon form. The default is APPLSYSPUB/PUB.






APPLSHAR=

AU_TOP=

APPLFULL=

FND_TOP=


<PROD>_TOP=

Oracle Applications Environment FileOracle Applications Environment FileOracle Applications Environment FileOracle Applications Environment File



APPLSHAR=

AU_TOP=

APPLFULL=

FND_TOP=


<PROD>_TOP=


APPLFULL lists the short names of all applications modules that have been installed.It is used for relinking programs.APPLSHAR is the short names of shared products needed for relinking.FND_TOP is the path to the Application Object Library directory.AU_TOP is the path to the Application Utilities directory.<PROD>_TOP is the path to a product’s top directory. There is one for each product.






APPLDCP=

APPLCSF=

PATH=

APPCPNAM=


APPLLOG= APPLOUT=




APPLDCP=

APPLCSF=

PATH=

APPCPNAM=


APPLLOG= APPLOUT=


PATH sets the directory search path, primarily FND_TOP and AD_TOP.APPLDCP specifies whether distributed concurrent processing is being used.Distributed concurrent processing distributes processing load across multipleconcurrent processors. The options are “OFF” or “ON”.APPCPNAM indicates whether the format of the Concurrent Manager log and outputfiles follow DOS file name conventions (8.3: maximum of 8 characters to the left of thedot and 3 to the right, e.g. alogfile.log). If this parameter is set to “REQID”, theconcurrent manager will use file names that meet DOS naming requirements.APPLCSF identifies the top level directory for Concurrent Manager log and outputfiles if they are consolidated into a single directory across all products. (e.g. if the pathis $APPL_TOP/admin, all log and output files will be placed in a subdirectory underthis defined directory).APPLLOG the subdirectory for Concurrent Manager log files. The default is “log”.APPLOUT the subdirectory for Concurrent Manager output files. The default is “out”.






APPLPTMP=

NLS_DATE_FORMAT=

APPLTMP=

NLS_LANG=


NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTER=




APPLPTMP=

NLS_DATE_FORMAT=

APPLTMP=

NLS_LANG=


NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTER=


APPLTMP identifies the directory for Oracle Applications temporary files. Thedefault is “usr/tmp”.APPLPTMP identifies the directory for temporary PL/SQL output files. The possibledirectory options must be listed in the init.ora parameter "utl_file_dir".NLS_LANG is the language, territory and character set installed in the database. Thedefault is "AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1".NLS_DATE_FORMAT is the National Language Support date format specified. Thedefault is "DD-MON-RR".NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS is the National Language Support numericseparators specified. The default is ".,".\






REPORTS60_PATH=

REPORT60_TMP=





REPORTS60_PATH=

REPORT60_TMP=



REPORTS60_TMP is the directory for temporary files used by Oracle Reports.REPORTS60_PATH specifies the path to the Oracle Reports PL/SQL programs.



The fndenv.env File


The fndenv.env FileThe fndenv.env File

• Specifies additional variables used by OracleApplications.

• Default values should be correct for all sites.




The fndenv.env FileThe fndenv.env File





The fndenv.env file sets additional environment variables used by Oracle ApplicationsApplication Object Library. This file should not be modified; the default values shouldbe applicable for all customers.



The devenv.env File


The devenv.env FileThe devenv.env File

• Used to identify and describe third-party andcustom applications linked with OracleApplications.



The devenv.env FileThe devenv.env File



The devenv.env file sets variables that let you link third-party software and your owncustom-developed applications with Oracle Applications. This script is automaticallycalled by fndenv.env so that you can compile and link custom Oracle Forms andReports user exits and concurrent programs with Oracle Applications.See the Oracle Applications Developers Guide for detailed information on customizingthe devenv.env file.



The adovars.env File


The adovars.env FileThe adovars.env File

• Sets environment variables for other products likeJava.

• Called from <db name>.env file• Stores additional custom variables.




The adovars.env FileThe adovars.env File





The adovars.env file specifies the location of files used by the Web server. Theseinclude Java class files, HTML files, and JRE (Java Runtime Environment) files. Theadovars.env file contains:

• JAVA_TOP: variable indicates the top-level directory where all Java class fileswill be copied.

• OA_JRE_TOP: variable indicates the location where you have installed JRE.• OAH_TOP: variable defines the locations to which AutoUpgrade copies HTML

files.• OAD_TOP: variable defines the locations to which AutoUpgrade copies context-

sensitive documentation files.• LD_LIBRARY_PATH: variable used on some platforms to list the directories to

be scanned for dynamic library files needed at runtime.• CLASSPATH: variable lists the directories and zip files to be scanned for Java

class files needed at runtime.The adovars.env file is self-documenting and provides comments on what each variabledoes and how it should be configured. You can manually edit most of the variables inthis file. Any additional custom variables should be stored here so you do not have toreapply them if you have to recreate your environment.



The adconfig.txt File


The adconfig.txt FileThe adconfig.txt File

• Stores Applications configuration information• Created during installation• Used when running AD utilities



The adconfig.txt FileThe adconfig.txt File



AD utility programs are used to perform a variety of database and file managementtasks. These utilities need to know certain configuration information to runsuccessfully. This information is specified when Oracle Applications is installed andsubsequently stored in a configuration file. The file is named adconfig.txt and is locatedin the $APPL_TOP/admin directory.Once created, this file is used by other applications utilities during processing.

Note: This is not the same as the configuration file created by Rapid Install. Theadconfig file is created during the creation of the APPL_TOP file system.



User Defaults File


User Defaults FileUser Defaults File

• Stores answers to AD utility preliminary questions• Streamlines utility processing• File name is user-defined



User Defaults FileUser Defaults File



AD utilities solicit system information by asking questions at the beginning of asession. These questions are standard across many AD utilities. Some of the answers tothese questions are saved in a file. This file is then accessed at the beginning of an ADutility session to bypass answering the standard questions.This file name is user defined.



Lesson Summary



• Oracle Applications stores important environmentinformation in several files.

• The Oracle Applications environment file called(<db name> .env) defines the operatingenvironment.

• The fndenv.env file, the devenv.env file, and theadovars.env file contain key information for theOracle Applications environment.












Oracle Applications uses several files to define and customize the processingenvironment:

• The Oracle Applications environment contains parameters you specify to definethe processing environment. This file is named <db name>.env, where <dbname> is the name of the Oracle Applications database instance.

• The fndenv.env file specifies additional variables used by Oracle Applications.• The devenv.env file is used to identify and describe third-party and custom

applications linked with Oracle Applications• The adovars.env file contains parameters you define that are used during the

installation process. This file also contains the locations of important Java andHTML files used by the Oracle Web Server.

• The adconfig.txt file contains configuration information used by AD utilities.• The User Defaults file stores answers to AD utility preliminary questions.



Practice


1 Name two variables stored in the <db name>.env file. Explaineach variable’s purpose.

2 Which NLS parameter specifies the language selected?3 What is the purpose for the adovars.env file?4 What is the name of the file where you specify information

about any third-party or custom applications to use them withOracle Applications?

5 Which environment file’s default values should not need to bemodified?





PracticePractice










PracticePractice

Practice Solutions1 Name two variables stored in the <db name>.env file. Explain each variable’s

purpose.See pages 6-5 through 6-9 for a discussion of these parameters. Note thereare other parameters not mentioned in the lesson. See the<db name>.envfile for information on on additional parameters.

2 Which NLS parameter specifies the language selected?NLS_LANG

3 What is the purpose for the adovars.env file?The adovars.env file specifies the location of files used by the Web server.

4 What is the name of the file where you specify information about any third-partyor custom applications to use them with Oracle Applications.

devenv5 Which environment file’s default values should not need to be modified?

fndenv


Languages and Localizations Chapter 7 - Page 1

Languages and LocalizationsChapter 7



Languages and Localizations


Languages and LocalizationsLanguages and Localizations





Objectives



• Alternate languages available with OracleApplications

• The process of implementing Oracle Applicationsin one or more non-English languages

• Translated components needed for alternatelanguage support

• Additional subdirectories used for localizations• Database objects used for localizations















This lesson describes using additional languages other than American English. It alsocovers using localization modules to support processing in European, Latin American,and Asia/Pacific countries.At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• List alternate languages available with Oracle Applications.• Describe the process of implementing Oracle Applications in one or more non-

English languages.• List the translated components needed for alternate language support.• Identify the additional subdirectories used for localizations.• Identify the database objects used for localizations.



Lesson Overview



• Alternate languages• File character sets• Translated language items• Localizations






This lesson describes the language and localizations related components of OracleApplications Release 11i. It explains how character sets are used to support the variouslanguages and also how language and localizations components are stored within the filesystem.



Languages and Localizations





For Release 11i thirty language versions are available in addition to the base productfiles. Oracle Applications can be run in languages other than American English(referred to as National Language Support or NLS), or can be run in multiple languagessimultaneously (referred to as Multilingual Support or MLS).Localizations are additional programs, forms, reports and other application componentsthat are required for processing in a particular country or region. These applicationcomponents are also provided in addition to the base product files.



Oracle Applications Alternate Languages


Oracle Applications Alternate LanguagesOracle Applications Alternate Languages

LanguageLanguage Directory CodeDirectory CodeFrenchFrench

GermanGerman

ItalianItalianSwedishSwedish

RussianRussian

ArabicArabicKoreanKorean

JapaneseJapanese

FF

DDITIT

SS

RURUARAR

KOKO

JAJA


Oracle Applications Alternate LanguagesOracle Applications Alternate Languages

LanguageLanguage Directory CodeDirectory CodeFrenchFrench

GermanGerman

ItalianItalianSwedishSwedish

RussianRussian

ArabicArabicKoreanKorean

JapaneseJapanese

FF

DDITIT

SS

RURUARAR

KOKO

JAJA

The list above is a small representation of the languages available for Release 11i. Eachlanguage has a short name, or directory code, which is used as a directory heading forthe directory where language specific files are placed.For a comprehensive list of languages supported in Release 11i, see the InstallingOracle Applications manual.



File Character Set


File Character SetFile Character Set

US7ASCIIUS7ASCIIWE8ISO8859P1WE8ISO8859P1

EE8ISO8859P2EE8ISO8859P2

AR8ISO8859P6AR8ISO8859P6JA16EUCJA16EUC

ZHT32EUCZHT32EUC

UTF8UTF8

US 7-bit ASCIIUS 7-bit ASCII

Western European 8-bitWestern European 8-bit

Eastern European 8-bitEastern European 8-bitArabic 8-bitArabic 8-bit

Japanese 16-bitJapanese 16-bit

Traditional Chinese 32-bitTraditional Chinese 32-bitUnicode multi-byteUnicode multi-byte

==

==

====

==

====


File Character SetFile Character Set

US7ASCIIUS7ASCIIWE8ISO8859P1WE8ISO8859P1

EE8ISO8859P2EE8ISO8859P2

AR8ISO8859P6AR8ISO8859P6JA16EUCJA16EUC

ZHT32EUCZHT32EUC

UTF8UTF8

US 7-bit ASCIIUS 7-bit ASCII

Western European 8-bitWestern European 8-bit

Eastern European 8-bitEastern European 8-bitArabic 8-bitArabic 8-bit

Japanese 16-bitJapanese 16-bit

Traditional Chinese 32-bitTraditional Chinese 32-bitUnicode multi-byteUnicode multi-byte

==

==

====

==

====

Character sets are sets of encoded binary values that represents the letters, numerals,and punctuation marks of a language, or of a group of languages that use similarwritten symbols. For example, the WE8ISO8859P1 character set can be used byEnglish and many other languages that use a Latin-based alphabet and Arabicnumerals. Terminals and printers handle text data by converting these encoded valuesto characters. A character set may also be called a codeset.In Release 11i, support for the Unicode UTF8 character set removes the limitation onthe number of supported languages that can be run in a single instance. The Unicodecharacter set supports all characters in common use in all of the world’s modernlanguages.



Installing Multiple Languages


Installing Multiple LanguagesInstalling Multiple Languages

1. Select target languages during install1. Select target languages during install

2. Rapid Install creates2. Rapid Install creates init init..oraora and the applications and the applicationsenvironment file automaticallyenvironment file automatically

3. Rapid Install installs English language files3. Rapid Install installs English language files

4. Rapid Install enables additional languages4. Rapid Install enables additional languages

5. Use5. Use AutoPatch AutoPatch to install additional languages to install additional languages


Installing Multiple LanguagesInstalling Multiple Languages

1. Select target languages during install1. Select target languages during install

2. Rapid Install creates2. Rapid Install creates init init..oraora and the applications and the applicationsenvironment file automaticallyenvironment file automatically

3. Rapid Install installs English language files3. Rapid Install installs English language files

4. Rapid Install enables additional languages4. Rapid Install enables additional languages

5. Use5. Use AutoPatch AutoPatch to install additional languages to install additional languages

During the install, the Rapid Install utility prompts you to select the language(s) inwhich you wish to run Oracle Applications. Based on the languages you select, theutility appropriately sets parameters in the init.ora and the applications environmentfiles. It also determines an appropriate character set that can support all the languagesselected. The Unicode character set, UTF8, can be used to support multilingualprocessing.Rapid Install installs the English language version automatically. It also marks theother selected languages as available.You then install the actual files containing the translated language items using theAutoPatch utility.



Translated Language Items


Translated Language ItemsTranslated Language Items

• Messages• Menu prompts• Seed data• Forms (.fmb files)• Reports (.rdf files)• External documents



Translated Language ItemsTranslated Language Items



The files installed by AutoPatch contain the Oracle Applications components that havebeen translated. Translated components include

• messages• menu prompts• seed data (for example, list of values entries)• forms (.fmb files)• reports files (.rdf files)• external documents

SQL scripts, import files, and driver files used to add language seed data to thedatabase may also be translated.



Additional Language Subdirectories


Additional Language SubdirectoriesAdditional Language Subdirectories

$GL_TOP$GL_TOP

adminadmin reportsreports

GLXDBA.GLXDBA.rdfrdf

DD


US.US.msbmsb

mesgmesg

D.D.msbmsb

formsforms

USUS DD

GLXSSBNR.GLXSSBNR.fmbfmb


*.*.drvdrv *.*.expexp *.*.sqlsql

driverdriver importimport sqlsql

DD DD DD

*.*.sqlsql*.*.expexp*.*.drvdrv


Additional Language SubdirectoriesAdditional Language Subdirectories

$GL_TOP$GL_TOP

adminadmin reportsreports


DD


US.US.msbmsb

mesgmesg

D.D.msbmsb

formsforms

USUS DD



*.*.drvdrv *.*.expexp *.*.sqlsql

driverdriver importimport sqlsql

DD DD DD

*.*.sqlsql*.*.expexp*.*.drvdrv

Translated forms, reports, message files, and installation scripts are stored in their ownlanguage specific directories. These directories are identified by a language short name,or directory code. For example, all forms located under the US directory are inAmerican English while all forms located under the D directory are in German.



Localizations


LocalizationsLocalizations

JAJA

JEJE

JLJL

JGJG


LocalizationsLocalizations

JAJA

JEJE

JLJL

JGJG

Localizations provide additional features for a country or region. For example, OracleFrance may extend the payment processing features of Oracle Payables to provide afeature needed for banks in France. Or localizations may be created to meet specificgovernment requirements.A localization may require

• additional forms• additional reports• additional seed data in the base product tables• additional database tables or other database objects

If you require additional country specific functionalities (localizations) after the initialinstallation or upgrade, they can be licensed through the License Manager.



Localization Applications


Localization ApplicationsLocalization Applications

AbbreviationAbbreviation Application IDApplication ID Application NameApplication Name

JAJA

JEJEJLJL

JGJG

70007000

7002700270047004

70037003

Asia / PacificAsia / Pacific Localizations Localizations

EuropeanEuropean Localizations LocalizationsLatin AmericaLatin America Localizations Localizations

RegionalRegional Localizations Localizations


Localization ApplicationsLocalization Applications

AbbreviationAbbreviation Application IDApplication ID Application NameApplication Name

JAJA

JEJEJLJL

JGJG

70007000

7002700270047004

70037003

Asia / PacificAsia / Pacific Localizations Localizations

EuropeanEuropean Localizations LocalizationsLatin AmericaLatin America Localizations Localizations

RegionalRegional Localizations Localizations

The localizations for various countries and regions are grouped into four“applications.”

• Asia/Pacific Localizations• European Localizations• Latin America Localizations• Regional Localizations

For 11i all localizations are installed into both the file system and the database by theRapid Install utility. After you have installed Oracle Applications, you must license anylocalizations you need to use.



Localization Directories


Localization DirectoriesLocalization Directories

/d1/app1/115/d1/app1/115

dbtraindbtrain..envenv apap arar glgl jaja jeje jljl adminadmin

11.511.5

11.511.5

11.511.511.511.5 11.511.5 11.511.5


Localization DirectoriesLocalization Directories

/d1/app1/115/d1/app1/115

dbtraindbtrain..envenv apap arar glgl jaja jeje jljl adminadmin

11.511.5

11.511.5

11.511.511.511.5 11.511.5 11.511.5

Each localization application uses additional directories under the APPL_TOPdirectory. These directories have the same structure as the directories used by otherbase products.



Localization Database Objects


Localization Database ObjectsLocalization Database Objects

APPSAPPS

JG_ZZ_RULE_SETS_PKGJG_ZZ_RULE_SETS_PKG

JGJG

JG_ENTITY_ASSOCJG_ENTITY_ASSOC

GLGL

JG_ZZ_RULE_SETSJG_ZZ_RULE_SETS


Localization Database ObjectsLocalization Database Objects

APPSAPPS

JG_ZZ_RULE_SETS_PKGJG_ZZ_RULE_SETS_PKG

JGJG

JG_ENTITY_ASSOCJG_ENTITY_ASSOC

GLGL

JG_ZZ_RULE_SETSJG_ZZ_RULE_SETS

Localizations also use database objects to store business data used during localizationprocessing. The database objects are stored similarly to objects used by the baseapplications. The code objects such as packages are owned by the APPS schema. Thedata objects such as tables and indexes are generally owned by the localizationapplication schema. However, in some instances, they are owned by the appropriatebase application schema.The slide shows three objects of the JG localization application. TheJG_ZZ_RULE_SETS_PKG package is owned by the APPS schema as most packagesare. The JG_ENTITY_ASSOC table is owned by the JG application schema. TheJG_ZZ_RULE_SETS table, however, is owned by the GL schema.



Lesson Summary



• Oracle Applications can be implemented inlanguages other than American English.

• Each language uses additional directories in thefile system to store the translated language items.

• Localization modules provide additionalprocessing required by countries or regions.

• Localizations use additional directories anddatabase objects.

• All localizations are installed; needed localizationsmust be licensed.


















Oracle Applications can be run in languages other than American English (referred toas National Language Support or NLS), or it can be run in multiple languagessimultaneously (referred to as Multilingual Support or MLS). Additional languageversions use their own directories to store translated language items.In some cases, alternate character sets must also be installed to support languages. TheUnicode character set, UTF8, can be used to support multilingual processing.Localizations are modules that provide additional processing required by somecountries or regions. For 11i all localizations are installed into both the file system andthe database. Localizations that are needed must be licensed after installation.



Practice


1 What is the distinction between NLS and MLS?2 Describe the process to install multiple languages.3 List two Oracle Applications components that are translated.4 Localizations provide extra Oracle Applications components

for use with a particular country or region. Name three extracomponents that might be required by a localization



PracticePractice






PracticePractice

Practice Solutions1 What is the distinction between NLS and MLS?

NLS is the installation of Oracle Applications where the base language isnot American English, e.g. installation in Japanese only, whereas MLSallows Oracle Applications to have multiple languages simultaneously.

2 Describe the process to install multiple languages.– Select target languages during install– Rapid Install creates init.ora and the applications environment fileautomatically– Rapid Install installs English language files– Rapid Install enables additional languages– Use AutoPatch to install additional languages



3 List two Oracle Applications components that are translated.– messages– menu prompts– seed data (for example, list of values entries)– forms (.fmb files)– reports files (.rdf files)– external documents– SQL scripts– import files– driver files

4 Localizations provide extra Oracle Applications components for use with aparticular country or region. Name three extra components that might be requiredby a localization.

– Additional forms– Additional reports– Additional seed data in base tables– Additional database tables or other database objects


Appendix A - GlossaryChapter 8 - Page 1

Appendix A - GlossaryChapter 8



Appendix A - Glossary

AappletviewerA program residing on a client machine that runs and displays a Java applet or application.

Applications database serverThe machine or machines containing Oracle Applications Server code and the Oracle Serverholding Oracle Applications data. The Applications database server holds all data and data-intensive programs and processes all SQL requests from the forms servers and concurrentprocessing servers.

Applications Help SystemThe Oracle Applications online help system.

application tierMachines that reside between the client tier and database tier, providing load balancing, businesslogic, and other functionality. The Oracle Web Server handles most of this logic. Also see formsserver.

applmgrThe default login used to install and upgrade Oracle Applications on a server. It owns the serverproduct files.

apps.zipa patchable archive of all Java class files required by Oracle Applications

Bbackground processA non-interactive process that runs in an operating system environment and performs a task.

bitmapDefinition of a physical bit image on a coordinate plane. A bitmap has a height, width, and verticaland horizontal resolution.

Ccharacter modeAn interface in which users access screen fields and regions through menus or keystrokes.Contrast GUI.

character setA set of encoded binary values that represent the letters, numerals, and punctuation marks of alanguage, or of a group of languages that use similar written symbols. For example, theWE8ISO8859P1 character set can be used by English and many other languages that use a Latin-based alphabet and Arabic numerals. Terminals and printers handle text data by converting theseencoded values to characters. A character set may also be called a codeset.

clientA general term for a computer that requires the services, data, or processing of another computer.See client/server architecture.



client/server architectureA computing arrangement in which one or several servers perform database processing forapplications that are run on clients. Contrast multi-tier architecture.

commandAn instruction or request for the system to perform a particular action. An entire command canconsist of the command name, parameters, and qualifiers.

concurrencyThe simultaneous access of the same data by multiple users.

concurrent managerA process manager on the Applications database server that coordinates the concurrent processesgenerated by users’ concurrent requests. See also concurrent processing facility.

concurrent processA task run by a concurrent manager. A concurrent process runs simultaneously with interactivefunctions and other concurrent processes.

concurrent processing facilityAn Oracle Applications facility that runs time-consuming, non-interactive tasks in the background.

concurrent processing serverA machine on which concurrent processing facilities are run.

concurrent queueA list of concurrent requests awaiting completion. Each concurrent manager has its own queue ofpending requests.

concurrent requestA request issued to the concurrent processing facility when you submit a non-interactive task, suchas running a report.

customizationThe process of tailoring an Oracle Applications system to the needs of a specific user community.

Ddata dictionaryA set of tables and views that contains administrative information about users, data storage, andprivileges. It is created and maintained automatically.

databaseA set of operating system files in which an Oracle Server stores a set of data dictionary tables anduser tables.

database instanceA running ORACLE system. There is always a one-to-one correspondence between an ORACLEinstance and a system global area (SGA).

database objectA logical entity created and stored in a database. Tables, views, synonyms, indexes, sequences,and stored procedures are all examples of database objects.



DBAA database administrator responsible for the maintenance of the Oracle Server and the databaseobjects of Oracle Applications.

demonstration product groupA product group that includes predefined transaction data for Oracle Applications products. It isused primarily for system testing and user training. See also product group.

desktop clientA machine on a user’s desktop that sends requests for data and then displays the results. InRelease11i, the desktop client runs the Oracle Forms client Java applet using a Java-enabled webbrowser or appletviewer, which sends user requests to the forms server and handles its responses.JInitiator is another option.

Eenvironment variableA variable maintained by the UNIX shell that can be referenced by any program running withinthe shell. Environment variables hold values used by many Oracle programs and utilities.

extensionThe second part of the full file specification used to indicate the type or purpose of the file. Forexample, the extension “.sql” indicates a SQL script. See also filename.

FfilenameThe name component of a file specification. A filename is assigned by either the user or thesystem when the file is created. See also extension.

formA logical collection of fields, regions, and zones that appears on a single screen. OracleApplications forms resemble paper forms used to run a business. You enter data by typinginformation into the form.

Forms Cartridge HandlerAn Oracle Web Application Server cartridge that parses a dynamic initial HTML file used forlaunching the Oracle Forms client Java applet. When a user invokes the initial HTML page from aweb browser or appletviewer, the Forms Cartridge Handler reads in the HTML file and substitutesvalues for items that may differ among users. For example, it can choose the least-loaded formsserver to run the Applications forms. The results of parsing the HTML file are then sent to therequesting user’s web browser or appletviewer.

Forms Server listenerA process that continuously runs on a forms server that handles requests to display Oracle Formsform files. These requests are sent from the Oracle Forms client Java applet running on a desktopclient.

forms serverA specific type of application server that hosts the Oracle Forms Server engine. This serverprocesses end-user requests by sending messages directly back to the client or by making requestsfor data to the Applications database server. Data is, in turn, cached on the forms server andprovided to the client as needed.



GGUIGraphical User Interface (Also known as a bit-mapped interface). An interface used with personalcomputers and workstations that allows the user to access fields and regions of the screen with apointing device, typically a mouse. Contrast character mode.

HHTTPhyper-text transfer protocol is a protocol used to access different types of resources on the internet.

HTTPSAn encrypted version of HTTP implemented through the Secure Socket Layer, SSL, standard. Theencrypted secure connection is created by running an ordinary HTTP connection on top of anencrypted SSL connection. Except for this, HTTPS is like HTTP.

hypertextA document format that contains links leading to other information or other documents. Also seeWorld Wide Web.

JJava Archive (JAR) fileA platform-independent file format that allows you to bundle a Java applet and its requisitecomponents (.class files, images and sounds) into a single file

Java appletA program, typically small in size, written in the Java programming language that is downloadedand run by a web browser or appletviewer.

JDBC (Java Data Base Connectivity)Java Database Connectivity is a standard SQL database access interface, providing uniform accessto a wide range of relational databases. It also provides a common base on which higher level toolsand interfaces can be built.

Java Release Infrastructure (JRI) - an environment utilized by Oracle Applications for thepurpose of developing, releasing, patching and maintaining Oracle Applications Java code.

LLANLocal Area Network. A limited-distance, high-speed, data communications network that allowsvarious data processing resources to be connected and shared. Contrast WAN.

LOCALFor Windows platforms, this parameter specifies the SQL*Net database alias to use when nocommunications driver is specified upon loading an Oracle tool.

log in (verb)To perform a sequence of actions that establishes communication with the operating system andsets up default characteristics for the session. Also called signing on.



MMegabyte (MB)A unit of memory or disk space equal to 1,048,576 bytes (1024 x 1024). Often rounded to onemillion bytes.

multiple sets of booksSee set of books.

Multiple Organization Architecture (Multi-Org)A single installation of any Oracle Applications product to support any number of organizations ordifferent sets of books. The data contained in product schemas is for all organizations, and ispartitioned by the ORG_ID column in tables.

multi-tier architectureThe underlying architecture of Release 11i. The architecture consists of desktop clients requestinginformation from application servers (including forms servers) that mediate connections to theApplications database server. Contrast client/server architecture.

NNet8Net8 is the follow-on networking product to SQL*Net version 2. Net8 facilitates and managescommunication sessions between a client application and a remote database.

node - Used to describe a physical machine in the Applications environment. Previously usednames include host and machine.

Ooperating systemThe computer software that performs basic tasks such as allocating memory and allowingcomputer components to communicate.

ORACLEAn Oracle Server database. This generally refers to a database and the objects it contains, not tothe Oracle Server executable files.

Oracle Applications System AdministratorThe person responsible for administering Oracle Applications security and tailoring systemoperation.

Oracle InstallerThe program previously used to install most Oracle products. Oracle Applications Release 11i andOracle 8i uses the Universal Installer. See Universal Installer.

Oracle ServerThe database management system sold by Oracle Corporation. The term refers in general to theproduct executable files and/or the ORACLE databases created through those files.

ORACLE_SIDAn environment variable that identifies an ORACLE database.

P



parameterAn object of a command. A parameter can be a file specification, a symbol value passed to acommand procedure, or a word defined by the operating system.

passwordAn identification word associated with a username. A user must supply a password to access anORACLE database or an Oracle Applications system.

patch driverA file read by AutoPatch that lists the actions required to apply a patch or release update.Examples of actions include copying a file, generating a form, or running a SQL script.

platformAny individual operating system. Although most Oracle Applications procedures are the sameacross platforms, some procedures vary. The latter procedures are called platform-specific.

PL/SQLA procedural extension of SQL that provides programming constructs such as blocks,conditionals, and procedures.

Product Family - Represents a group of related products. Examples of Product families areFinancials, Manufacturing, Human Resources.

product groupA set of Oracle Applications products that uses a single installation of Oracle Application ObjectLibrary tables. Each product group can contain any number of Applications products.

Product Installation group - Refers to Multiple set of books architecture.

promptWords presented on the terminal screen to assist a user’s data entry.

QqueueA line of items waiting to be processed.

RreportAn organized display of Oracle Applications information. A report can be viewed online or sent toa printer. The content of a report can range from a summary to a complete listing of values.

Sserver - Used to describe the components of the Technology Stack: Administration server, Formsserver, eb server, and Concurrent Manager (node) server.

set of booksAn organization or group of organizations within Oracle Applications that shares a commonAccounting Flexfield structure, calendar, and functional currency. You must define at least one setof books for each business location.

SGA



System Global Area. Memory that provides communication between all database users and theORACLE background processes.

short nameAn abbreviation for an Oracle Applications product (such as gl for Oracle General Ledger) or anOracle Applications language (such as brapor for Brazilian Portuguese).

shut down (verb)The process of stopping a running instance to make a database unavailable, including closing anddismounting a database if one has been mounted and opened.

SmartClientClient Server architecture environment of Release 10SC.

spawned processA background process initiated by a running program. These include programs run by concurrentmanagers and SQL*Net listeners.

SQLStructured Query Language. An internationally standard language used to access data in arelational database. The acronym is pronounced “sequel.”

SQL*LoaderAn Oracle Server tool used to load data from operating system files into Oracle Server databasetables.

SQL scriptA file containing SQL statements that can be run through SQL*Plus to perform queries ordatabase administration and installation tasks.

Standard Request SubmissionA standard interface in Oracle Applications that lets you run and monitor concurrent requests.

subdirectoryA directory that is contained within another directory.

synonymAn alias for a table, view, sequence, or program unit that masks the real name and owner of theobject, provides public access to the object, and simplifies SQL statements for database users.

syntaxThe orderly system by which commands, qualifiers, and parameters are arranged together to formvalid command strings.

SYS schemaOne of two standard DBA usernames automatically created with each database (the other isSYSTEM). SYS owns the base data dictionary tables and views.

system administratorSee Oracle Applications system administrator.

SYSTEM schemaOne of two standard usernames automatically created with each database (the other is SYS). TheSYSTEM username is the preferred username to use when performing database maintenance.

SYSTEM.DUAL table



A necessary table that contains exactly one row. It is used as a “dummy” table to guarantee aknown result, such as “true.”

TtableThe basic unit of storage in a relational database management system. A table represents entitiesand relationships, and consists of one or more units of information (rows), each of which containsthe same kinds of values (columns).

tablespaceA logical portion of an Oracle Server database used to allocate storage for data and to grouprelated logical structures. For example, one tablespace may group all of an application’s databaseobjects.

TCP/IPTCP/IP is a layered set of protocols. The main ones being the file transfer protocol (FTP) and theinternet protocol (IP). TCP is a network protocol that allows a user on any computer to get filesfrom another computer, or to send files to another computer. IP is a protocol that provides thebasic service of getting “data” to their destination

temporary tablespaceA tablespace used when a SQL statement requires the creation of temporary segments (forexample, the creation of an index).

tier - Used to describe the three layers of the Internet Computing Architecture: Database tier,Applications tier, and Desktop Client tier.

transaction processing optionAn Oracle Server option for handling a large volume of transactions with a high amount ofconcurrency.

UURLUniform Resource Locator. An address used to uniquely identify a document on the World WideWeb. An example of a URL is http://www.oracle.com.

user exitA program related to a form. Users invoke it to perform tasks outside the scope of the form.

usernameA name that grants access to an Oracle Server database schema and defines which databaseobjects the user can manipulate. Every username is associated with a password.

VviewA custom-tailored presentation of the data in one or more tables. A view can be thought of as a“stored query.”

virtual directoryPart of a URL that indicates the location of a document on a web server. The web server translatesthe virtual directory, entered by the user, to a physical location on the machine’s file system.



WWANWide Area Network. A long-distance, low-speed (typically 128 Kbps or slower), datacommunications network that allows various data processing resources to be connected andshared. Contrast LAN.

web browserA program used to retrieve and display documents on the World Wide Web. Netscape Navigatorand Microsoft Internet Explorer are the most common web browsers.

web clientA machine on which a user is running a web browser or appletviewer. See also desktop client.

web listenerThe main component of a web server program that runs as a background process, acceptingincoming requests and returning the requested data or document.

web serverA program that accepts requests to retrieve and display documents on the World Wide Web. Therequests are typically sent by a web browser, and may be processed by additional programs beforebeing passed to the web listener. The term “web server” may be used to denote either this programor the actual machine on which the software is running.

World Wide Web (WWW)A network of machines running web servers that provide access to hypertext documents. Thenetwork may consist of machines on the Internet, a corporate intranet, or a combination of both.Also called simply “the Web.”

Oracle Applications Architecture Release 11i Student Guide

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