Options for Retrofit Regulations at Time of Renovation

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Options for Retrofit Regulations at the Time of Renovation

THOUGHT LEADERS FORUM

NOVEMBER 29, 2016

ANDREW PAPE-SALMON, P.ENG., MRM, FCAE

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à  Energy Code for Existing Buildings Project

à ASHRAE 100

à Analysis and Findings

à  Policy Options

Agenda

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Energy Code for Existing Buildings Project

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Purpose

à  BC Building Code and Vancouver Building Bylaw currently apply to existing buildings at time of building permit

à  ASHRAE 90.1-2010 includes provisions related to existing buildings

à  NECB not intended to apply to existing buildings, except additions

à  Enforcement across the Province inconsistent

à  VBBL addresses whole-building energy efficiency with “menu” system

à  Energy Efficiency Act triggered for equipment replacement

à  Project Aim: conduct analysis and develop a White Paper with options for the Province to enact energy efficiency requirements for existing buildings at the time of permit

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Codes/Regulations/Standards Reviewed

à  ASHRAE 100-2015

à  ASHRAE 90.1-2010

à  NECB-2011

à  VBBL Part 11 Existing Buildings

à  California Title 24, Part 6 – Energy Code

à  BOMA BESt

à  LEED - EBOM

à  City of Atlanta Land Development Code, Part II, Section 8-2002

à  Austin Energy Conservation Audit & Disclosure Ordinance (ECAD)

à  City of Berkeley Building Energy Saving Ordinance

à  Boston Energy Assessment and Retro-commissioning Requirements (Component of the Building Energy Reporting and Disclosure Regulation)

à  NYC Local Law 87 - Audits and Retro-commissioning

à  NYC Local Law 88 - Lighting Upgrades and Sub-metering in Tenant Spaces

à  San Francisco Commercial Buildings Energy Performance Ordinance

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ASHRAE 100-2015

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ASHRAE 100-2015

à  General Description: Buildings meet a target energy-use intensity based on bills, or implement EEMs based on ASHRAE Level 2 Energy Audit

à  EUI reflects 75th percentile performance for similar building type (measured by CBECS)

à  Scope: Residential, non-residential; whole-building performance, system specific EEMs

à  Size requirement: >5,000ft2

à  Compliance duration: 5yrs

à  EUI outcome in CZ 4C: Office - 149 kWh/m2

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Energy Benchmarking Example (Seattle)

50th %: 155 kWh/m2

75th %: 133 kWh/m2

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ASHRAE 100-2015 – Compliance Flow Chart

Retro-commissioning

Energy Target

Energy Audit and Action Plan

M&V

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Technical and Economic Analysis

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Annual Permits

à  Approximately 7,000 building permits per year, representing about 10% of the BC Building stock

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Permits Breakdown

à  Study focuses on Small Projects (<$250,000), MURB, Office, Trade and Service, and Hotel, Restaurant

98% 91%

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Building Archetypes

à  Applicability of permits to different building systems estimated in consultation with local authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs)

à  Revealed that 3/10 jurisdictions enforce ASHRAE 90.1 for existing buildings, 2/10 do not enforce

à  Rows can add to >100% due to overlapping permits

Building TypeTotal number

of permitsLighting Mechanical Envelope DHW

Small Projects 1,693 85% 15% 5% 25%

Office 82 85% 15% 5% 25%

MURB (Large - electric) 33 0% 45% 5% 50%

MURB (Small - electric) 62 0% 45% 5% 50%

MURB (Large - hydronic) 20 0% 45% 5% 50%

MURB (Small - hydronic) 38 0% 45% 5% 50%

Retail 67 85% 15% 5% 25%

Restaurant 47 85% 15% 5% 25%

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Single Year Costs and Savings for Each Code

à  The analysis combining ASHRAE 90.1-2010 and ASHRAE 100-2015 assumes that ASHRAE 100-2015 applies to all large permits and ASHRAE 90.1-2010 applies to all small projects. This results in a reduction in GHG savings compared to ASHRAE 100-2015 alone due to small project lighting upgrades.

ASHRAE90.1-

2010 NECB2015 ASHRAE100-2015 ASHRAE90.1-2010&ASHRAE100-2015

APPLICABLEPERMITS ALL ALL EXCL.SMALL

PROJECTS ALL

INCREMENTALCAPITALCOST

$55MILLION(4%)

$50MILLION(4%)

$81MILLION(7%)

$112MILLION(8%)

NETPRESENTVALUE $15MILLION $12MILLION $76MILLION $83MILLION

ELECTRICITYSAVINGS 63GWH 54GWH 62GWH 98GWH

NGSAVINGS 0.7GWH/YR(2,500GJ/YR)

2.1GWH/YR(7,600GJ/YR)

69GWH/YR(248,000GJ/YR)

64GWH/YR(230,000GJ/YR)

GHGSAVINGS 765T/YR 914T/YR 13KT/YR 12.5KT/YR

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Energy Code Options

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Policy Options

à  Option 1

à  Province-wide enforcement of the BC Building Code (BCBC) to existing buildings

›  ASHRAE 90.1 or NECB enforced for existing buildings

›  ASHRAE 100 as a “flexibility” option (outcome-based)

à  Option 1a

à  Add retro-commissioning requirement

à  Option 2

à  New, outcome based standard that deliver the highest economic returns for society, with substantial energy efficiency and emission reduction outcomes

›  ASHRAE 100 phased in for all large building retrofits

›  ASHRAE 90.1 or NECB for small building retrofits

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OPTION 1 OPTION 1B OPTION 2 Cumulative

Annual Electricity Savings

in 2025 2,800 GWh/yr 2,900 GWh/yr 3,000 GWh/yr

in 2030 6,400 GWh/yr 7,100 GWh/yr 7,400 GWh/yr

Cumulative Annual Natural

Gas Savings

in 2025 77 GWh/yr (277,000 GJ/yr)

215 GWh/yr (775,000 GJ/yr)

470 GWh/yr (2,400,000 GJ/yr)

in 2030 270 GWh/yr (970,000 GJ/yr)

880 GWh/yr (3,170,000 GJ/yr)

2,200 GWh/yr (7,920,000 GJ/yr)

Cumulative Annual GHG

Savings

in 2025 0.04 Mt/yr 0.06 Mt/yr 0.11 Mt/yr

in 2030 0.11 Mt/yr 0.20 Mt/yr 0.47 Mt/yr

Discounted Cumulative ICC

(2017 $)

in 2025 $405 million $405 million $483 million


Discounted Cumulative NPV

(2017 $)



Cumulative Savings with Policy Options

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Three Stages of Implementation

à  Option 1

à  2017: Enforcement

à  2022: Outcome-based flexibility provision for large projects

à  2027: Revised standards

à  Option 2

à  2017: Enforcement + Outcome based flexibility provision

à  2022: 60th percentile performance for large projects; prescriptive for small projects

à  2027: 75th percentile performance for large projects

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à  rdh.com | buildingsciencelabs.com

Discussion ANDREW PAPE-SALMON, P.ENG, MRM, FCAE

[email protected]

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ASHRAE 100-2015

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Emission Reduction Measures

à  Typical Emission Reduction Measures

à  Glazing replacement

à  Wall insulation

à  Roof insulation

à  Airsealing

à  Lighting upgrade (reduction in LPD)

à  Lighting controls

à  Replace make-up air unit

à  Boiler replacement

à  Add variable air volume (VAV) to fans

à  Upgrade to low-flow plumbing fixtures

à  Retro-commissioning

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Projected Strata Renewals – Lower Mainland

NUMBER OF STRATA UNITS AFFECTED BY RENEWALS EACH YEAR

Archetype Building System Affected

Walls Windows Roof Mechanical

Number of Strata Residential Units

High-rise 3,545 5,741 6,546 9,628

Low-rise 5,640 6,778 9,476 9,610

Townhouse 2,673 3,530 3,663 2,474

Percent of Total

High-rise 4% 6% 7% 11%

Low-rise 5% 6% 8% 8%

Townhouse 5% 7% 7% 5%

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Option 1

à  Tier 1 (2017)

à  Establish Building Act regulation for existing buildings.

à  Enforce ASHRAE 90.1 alteration standards.

à  Establish exemptions, as appropriate.

à  Update the BCBC to the latest technical standards.

à  Implement complementary Energy Efficiency Act standards.

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Option 1

à  Tier 2 (2022)

à  Continued updating to reference the most up-to-date standards.

à  Add flexibility through Alternative Solution using ASHRAE 100:

›  Capacity building required;

›  BC specific table of energy use intensity targets?

›  Full compliance would be required at time of permit;

›  Start with 40% percentile of (lowest) energy consumption as target.

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Option 1

à  Tier 3 (2027)

à  Reference updated versions of NECB and/or ASHRAE 90.1.

à  Reference ASHRAE 100 EUI table 25th percentile lowest energy consumption.

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Option 1

à  Option 1 Pros

à  Works within the current legislative framework.

à  Extends current practice in some municipalities.

à  References technical standards that are updated by Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) and are familiar to BC industry players.

à  Minimizes incremental capital costs (4% on average).

à  In Tier 2, provides flexibility for high performance buildings and lower implementation cost than performance path of ASHRAE 90.1.

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Option 1

à  Option 1 Cons

à  Does not maximize financial benefits to consumers, greenhouse gas emissions.

à  Provides limited flexibility for compliance options.

à  In Tier 2, the ASHRAE 100 alternative compliance path applies to a minority of buildings.

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Option 2

à  Tier 1 (2017)

à  Enforce ASHRAE 90.1 (or NECB) for all permits.

à  In addition, mandate an ASHRAE 100 energy audit for large permits (one of the following conditions):

1.  Permit greater than $250,000;

2.  Buildings with a gross floor area more than 50,000 ft2;

3.  "Major" permit types, as defined by regulation.

à  Full compliance with ASHRAE 100 at the time of building permit as an Alternative Solution.

à  Ongoing Energy Efficiency Act regulatory amendments.

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Option 2

à  Tier 2 (2022)

à  Enforce ASHRAE 90.1 (or NECB) for small permits:

1.  Permit value less than $250,000;

2.  Buildings with a gross floor area less than 50,000 ft2;

3.  "Minor" permit types, as defined by regulation.

à  Mandate ASHRAE 100 compliance for large permits:

›  Compliance with ASHRAE 100 at 40% percentile of energy efficiency;

›  Develop a BC specific EUI table?

›  Enable a 2nd compliance path with energy audit, etc.;

›  New regulation to enable a multiple level enforcement procedure;

›  Provide financing?

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Option 2

à  Tier 3 (2027)

à  All of the Tier 2 provisions above, referencing the latest standards, with the following modification:

›  For Tier 3, compliance with ASHRAE 100 EUIs that represent the 25% lowest consumption percentile of energy efficiency.

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Option 2

à  Option 2 Pros

à  Maximizes energy savings, emissions reductions and consumer financial benefits.

à  References technical standards that are updated by Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) and are familiar to BC industry players.

à  Provides significant flexibility for building owners for compliance.

à  Option 2 Cons

à  Higher incremental capital costs (7%).

à  Potentially requires new legislation to enable post-occupancy permit enforcement actions.

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Energy Savings

à Option 1

à  Tier 1 (2017-2021):

›  ASHRAE 90.1-2010 applies to all energy related permits.

à  Tier 2 (2022-2030):

›  ASHRAE 90.1-2010 applies to all energy related permits for Small Projects.

›  ASHRAE 90.1-2010 applies to 90% of energy related permits and ASHRAE 100-2015 applies to the remaining 10% of energy related permits for all other segments.

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Energy Savings

à Option 2

à  Tier 1 (2017-2021):

›  ASHRAE 90.1-2010 applies to all energy related permits.

à  Tier 2 (2022-2026):


›  ASHRAE 100-2015 Alternate EUIs (40th percentile lowest consumption) applies to all energy related permits for all other segments.

à  Tier 3 (2027-2030):


›  ASHRAE 100-2015 (25th percentile lowest consumption) applies to all energy related permits for all other segments.

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Implementation Timeline Year Stage Option 1 Actions Option 2 Actions

2016 Policy Analysis and Stakeholder Engagement

Review ASHRAE 90.1-2016 and compare with NECB-2015.

Prepare regulatory language for 2017 and complete consultations.

Prepare regulatory language for 2017 and complete consultations.

Develop training on ASHRAE 100 flexibility provisions (audits).

2017 Development of Regulatory Roadmap

Tier 1 Effective Date

Checklist to track compliance approach.

Review NECB-2017.


Checklist to track compliance approach.

Confirm ASHRAE 100 EUI table.

2018-2020 Voluntary Market Transformation Programs

Promote use of ASHRAE 100 as flexibility measure.

Review ASHRAE 90.1-2019.

Review NECB-2020.

Provide incentives for owners to seek full ASHRAE 100 compliance at 40th percentile.

Review ASHRAE 100-2018.

2021 Voluntary Market Transformation Programs

Prepare regulatory language and conduct consultations.

Develop training for new standards.

Confirm ASHRAE 100 EUI table.

Provide training on ASHRAE 100 flexibility provisions.

Prepare regulatory language and conduct consultations.

Develop training for new standards and full EUI requirements under ASHRAE 100 (40th percentile).

2022 Comprehensive Standards Tier 2 Effective Date

Incentives for ASHRAE 100 flexibility provision.


Incentives for ASHRAE 100 25th percentile EUIs.

2027 (or earlier)

Deep Energy Retrofits Tier 3 Effective Date Tier 3 Effective Date

Options for Retrofit Regulations at Time of Renovation

Engineering

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