Option E: Neurobiology and behaviour; Syllabus outline
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Option E: Neurobiology and behaviour; Syllabus outline Core (for SL & HL) : E1 – Stimulus and response; E2 – Perception of stimuli; E3 – Innate and learned behaviour & E4 – Neurotransmitters and synapses Additional Higher Level (for HL only): E5 – The human brain & E6 – Further studies of behaviour
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Option E: Neurobiology and behaviour; Syllabus outline. Core (for SL & HL) : E1 – Stimulus and response; E2 – Perception of stimuli; E3 – Innate and learned behaviour & E4 – Neurotransmitters and synapses Additional Higher Level (for HL only): E5 – The human brain & - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Option E: Neurobiology and behaviour; Syllabus outline
Option E: Neurobiology and behaviour;Syllabus outline
Core (for SL & HL) : E1 – Stimulus and response;E2 – Perception of stimuli;E3 – Innate and learned behaviour & E4 – Neurotransmitters and synapses
Additional Higher Level (for HL only):E5 – The human brain & E6 – Further studies of behaviour
E1 Stimulus and response
E.1.1 Define the terms stimulus, response and reflex in the context of animal behaviour.
E.1.2 Explain the role of receptors, sensory neurons, relay neurons, motor neurons, synapses and effectors in the response of animals to stimuli.
E.1.3 Draw and label a diagram of a reflex arc for a pain withdrawal reflex, including the spinal cord and its spinal nerves, the receptor cell, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron and effector.
E.1.4 Explain how animal responses can be affected by natural selection, using two examples.
E1 Stimulus and responseDefinition of terms:Stimulus; a change in
the environment (both internal and (or) external), that is detected by a receptor and elicits a response
Response; body’s reaction to a stimulus.
Reflex; a rapid and unconscious response to a stimulus.
Draw a labelled diagram of a Reflex arc
effector motor neuron grey mater
white matersensory neuronreceptor cell
relay neuron
synapse
Components of a reflex arc
Components of a reflex arc & their role in the response of animals to stimuli
Component
sensory neuronsrelay neuronsmotor neuronsSynapses
effectors
receptors
Role in the response to stimuli
transmit nerve impulse regarding stimuli to the CNStransmit nerve impulse within the CNS from sensory to motor neuron
transmit impulse from CNS to effector
junction between two nerve cell or between a nerve cell & an effectorreceive messages from motor neurons & produce a response to the stimuli
detect stimuli & transform it’s energy into a nerve impulse
Effect of natural selection on animal responses
innate behavior patterns develop independently of the environment are inherited
animals show variation in their behavior
natural selection allows the best-adapted animals to survive and reproduce
adaptation include behaviour such as; mating, hunting, migrating, communication etc.
Example; in a nest of chicks, the chick which can call louder and gape more obviously is likely to be fed more by its parents and survive
the alleles responsible for successful behaviour are eventually passed to the offspring through reproduction
Example: how natural selection affect animal responses
Blackcap (warbler) migrates to UK from Germany due to severe weather, food shortage & lack of mates during winter
there is warmer winters in UK than in Germany
more food & mates in UK resulting in ‘selection for’ those birds migrating to UK
migratory blackcap increase in numbers due to greater chances of survival
the alleles responsible for migration are eventually passed to the offspring through reproduction
individuals that do not migrate are ‘selected against’
Revision Questions:define the following terms:
stimulus; response & reflex explain the role of the
following; receptors, sensory neurons, relay neurons, motor neurons, synapses and effectors in the response of animals to stimuli
draw labelled diagram of a reflex arc for a pain withdrawal reflex
giving an example, explain the effect of natural selection on animal responses
