Optimizing Cost and Performance for Concurrent Multipath Transferring using extended shim6
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Transcript of Optimizing Cost and Performance for Concurrent Multipath Transferring using extended shim6
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Ye Wang, Xuan Li, Dongtao Liu, Maoke Chen
ICCT2006Guilin, China
Optimizing Cost and Performance
for Concurrent Multipath Transferring
using extended shim6
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Content
Introduction• CMT, shim6, traffic optimization
Modeling, Analysis, and Algorithm• lower cost when performance satisfied
• higher performance when cost restricted
• cost-performance tradeoff (higher NPR)
Simulation ResultsConclusion & Future Work
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Introduction – CMT
Concurrent Multipath Transferring• Multimedia / P2P / Distributed Computing / FTP / …
Site
ISP1CERNET2
ISP1CERNET2
ISP2NSFCNET
ISP2NSFCNET
ISP3…
ISP3…
Remote Site
2001:250::4321/64
2001:da8::5678/64
2001:9ef::0246/64
2001:980:ffe:1::42
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Introduction – CMT
Possible CMT • multiple TCP connections
– not applicable for general applications
• SCTP– far beyond deployment
– little work for end sites’ demand
• TCP with extended shim6– incremental deployable
– more applicable
– simple way to achieve traffic optimization
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Introduction – shim6
Sender A
shim6 Network Paths
ULP
IP
Src ULID(A)Dst ULID(B)
Src L(A)Dst L(B)
Receiver B
shim6
ULP
IP
Src ULID(A)Dst ULID(B)
Src L(A)Dst L(B)
Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation• Separate Identifier (host ID) from Locator (IP address)
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Introduction – traffic optimization
Communication Solicitation of End Sites• Performance Maximization + Cost Minimization
Big Challenging for Internet• more than “best effort”
• transferring in Layer 4, forwarding in Layer 3
Our proposal: TCP CMT using extended shim6• intermediation in Layer 4.5
• traffic (re)distribution on multiple Locator pairs
• shim6 + TCP trigger
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Introduction – traffic optimization
Related Works• Augmenting TCP
– TCP-Reno, AQM/ECN, RED, XCP, VCP, etc.
• SCTP: Stream Control Transmission Protocol– much more powerful than TCP
– aim at better QoS for general purpose transferring
• Smart routing– distribute traffic “optimally” in Layer 3
– long-term mechanism
– gateway-side traffic control
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Modeling – Definitions
Path i (i: 1~n): locator pair iTraffic • traffic volume through Path i:
ISP Pricing and Site Cost• *flow pricing, lease pricing, flat-rate pricing• pricing via Path i by according ISP: • site cost:
Site Performance• bandwidth:• Equivalent Bandwidth:
Natural Price Ratio• NPR:
Internet
6 paths (n=6)
ISP11
ISP12
ISP13
ISP21
ISP2
2
1
n
i ii
C p m
im
ip
ii
mb
t
1
n
ii
mb
t
bu
C
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Modeling
Problem Statement• For what and not for what
– How to (re)distribute TCP cwnd? care
– How to rebuild TCP recv window? care
– Which locator pairs to use? careless, depends on shim6
– Deal with fast retransmission? careless at present, depends on TCP-sub
• 1. Optimize cost when performance satisfied
• 2. Optimize performance when cost restrained
• 3. Higher NPR
1
min min1
min ( min )
. ( )
n
i ii
ni
i
p m C
mst B b B
t
1
max max1
max ( max )
. ( )
ni
i
n
i ii
mb
t
st p m C C C
1 1
1
max max{ } max{ / }
n n
i i ii i
n
ii
m p mb
uC t m
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Analysis
EB
Typical demands for “at-least” bandwidth
or“at-most” cost
NPR
Cost
A simple metric of how well the traffic is distributed
PerformanceNPR
Cost
“optimalpoint”
Goal: enhance performance and minimize cost
“EB min”
“Cost max”
Cost
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Analysis
• Lemma – Timing pricing and lease pricing both call for performance maximization
• Assumption– Paths are ordered by price (p1<p2<…<pn)
• Theorem – N locator pairs, p1<p2<…<pn,
max{ u } = max{ M / [ max{ mi/bi } * sum( pi*mi ) ] } min max { mi/bi } mi/bi = const = t b = b1 (1 + m2/m1 + m3/m1 + … + mn/m1)If mk>0, b = b1 + b2 + … + b(k-1) + b1*mk/m1( good for split and rebuild window, good performance )
or min{ sum( pi*mi ) }m1 = m …( bad performance )
or heuristic algorithm
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Algorithms – 1
Lower cost when performance satisfied1. b(i) m(i) / t (i = 1..N);
2. B Bmin; i 1;
3. if B > b(i), then m(i) b(i) * t; else m(i) B * t, end;
4. B B – b(i), i i + 1
5. if i <= n goto 3); else end.
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Algorithms – 2
Higher performance when cost restricted• Heuristic
– reduce throughputs when deficit
– improve performance when surplus
1. b(i) m(i) / t (i = 1..n);
2. let C sum( p(i) * m(i) ) (i = 1..n);
3. Cdelta Cmax – C;
4. if Cdelta < 0 then m(i-1) m(i) * 105% (i = 2..n); else m(i+1) m(i) * 95% (i=1..n-1);
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Algorithms – 3
Higher NPR• similar as Algorithm 2, but use another metric for judgment
• cut half load of Path i when
• enlarge sub-window of Path i when
• Relative Agio:
• Quick metric:
2
1 1 1
1 1
( )1 1
/( )
n n n
i i i ii i i
n n
i i ii i
m p m mU
t n tm n p m
1
i
ii
i i
mmtU
p p t
iU U
iU U
1 j i jij
i i
p p pr
p p
2
1.. ,
1i i
iik k
k n k i
mU U m
p tn m r m
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Simulation Results
Simulation in ns-2• modified TCP agent + multiple modified IP agents
• network topology: 3-ISP multihoming (+ N paths)
• over 1000 runs
Site
ISP1CERNET2
ISP1CERNET2
ISP2NSFCNET
ISP2NSFCNET
ISP3…
ISP3…
Remote Site
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Simulation Results
High-bandwidth demand for CMT
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Simulation Results
Constant-bandwidth demand for CMT
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Simulation Results
Optimize cost when bandwidth satisfied
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Simulation Results
Optimize bandwidth when cost restrained
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Simulation Results
Optimize Natural Price Ratio
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Guilin, ChinaICCT2006
Conclusion and Future Work
Contribution• A case study on future IPv6 Internet technology (shim6)
• Optimize CMT for the cost and performance of multihomed end sites within the TCP layer
Status• Good attempt in theory and simulation-based study
• Little practice (shim6 has not yet been deployed), Only a best-effort way
Stepping forward• Develop real-system (shim6 prototype + UDP + algorithms)
• Better congestion control mechanism (retransmission and reordering)
• Study on site-ISP games
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Thank you!
Ye Wang, Xuan Li, Dongtao Liu, Maoke Chen