Optimization of K iln Process Parameters of Low-Temp ...

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Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society

Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 365~372, 2010.

โˆ’365โˆ’

์† ๋ณดDOI:10.4191/KCERS.2010.47.5.365

Optimization of Kiln Process Parameters of Low-Temperature Sintering Lightweight

Aggregate by Response Surface Analysis

Han-Baek Leeโ€ 

and Chee-Ho Seo*

R&D Center, Sunil Industrial Company, Seoul 135-270, Korea

*Department of Architectural Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea

(Received August 12, 2010; Revised September 1, September 9, 2010; Accepted September 10, 2010)

๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ €์˜จ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”

์ดํ•œ๋ฐฑโ€ ยท์„œ์น˜ํ˜ธ*

์„ ์ผ๊ณต์—…(์ฃผ) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ

*๊ฑด๊ตญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ

(2010๋…„ 8์›” 12์ผ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ ; 2010๋…„ 9์›” 1์ผ, 9์›” 9์ผ, ์ˆ˜์ • ; 2010๋…„ 9์›” 10์ผ ์Šน์ธ)

ABSTRACT

This paper was to evaluate the influence of kiln process parameter(kiln angle, kiln rotating speed) of lightweight aggregate usingwaste glass and bottom ash with industrial by-products on thermal conductivity, density, water absorption, fracture load and porosityby response surface analysis. In the results of surface plot and contour plot, it has verified that kiln residence time of lightweightaggregate increase as kiln angle and rotating speed decreases. For this reason, pore size and quantity tend to increase by active reactionof forming agent. It seems to be that increase in pore size and quantity have caused decreasing density, fracture load and thermalconductivity, and increasing water absorption. In conclusion, optimization of kiln process parameter on thermal conductivity, density,water absorption, fracture load and porosity by response surface analysis are kiln angle 2.4646%, kiln rotating speed 40.7089 rpm.

Key words : Lightweight aggregate, Waste glass, Bottom ash, Fracture load, Rotary kiln

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ยท์™ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ธตํ™” ์ถ”

์„ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ž์ค‘์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—ฐ

๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์†Œ์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„

ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜

๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ ยท๋น„๊ตฌ์กฐ์šฉ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ

๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ

์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.1-3)

๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋‹ค๊ณต์งˆ ์†Œ์žฌ(porous

material)๋กœ์จ ์ฒœ์—ฐ๊ณจ์žฌ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด

์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์—ด์„ฑ ๋ฐ

ํก์Œ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‚˜, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ํก

์ˆ˜์œจ๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ•๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ œํ•œ์ 

์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฅผ

๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ถœ๋ฐœ์›๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ, ๋ถ„์‡„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜จ๋„,

์†Œ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠน

ํžˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ๋„ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.4-11)

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜

์†Œ์„ฑ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 1100~1300oC ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜

๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ

ํ™”์ ์ด ์•ฝ 700oC ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ์œ ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์—ฐ์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ

๋ฏธ์—ฐํƒ„์†Œ์™€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ๋ถ„์ด 20~25% ์ •๋„ ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ๋ฐ”ํ…€์• ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ถœ

๋ฐœ์›๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ์†Œ์„ฑ์˜จ๋„

๋ณด๋‹ค 20~30%๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ 800~900oC์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ 

์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.12-15)

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ €์˜จ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„

ํ•œ Lab. scale์šฉ ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ์˜ ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„

ํ•ด ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ(์ดํ•˜ Angle)์™€ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธํšŒ์ „์†๋„(์ดํ•˜ Speed)๋ฅผ

์ฃผ์š”๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ, ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ, ๋ฐ€๋„, ํก์ˆ˜์œจ, ํŒŒ๊ดด

๊ฐ•๋„, ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ์„ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•

(response surface analysis)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.1. ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜์—ญ ์„ค์ •

๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค

์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋™

์‹œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค

โ€ Corresponding author : Han-Baek Lee

E-mail : [email protected]

Tel : +82-32-710-9960 Fax : +82-32-710-2550

Page 2: Optimization of K iln Process Parameters of Low-Temp ...

366 ์ดํ•œ๋ฐฑยท์„œ์น˜ํ˜ธ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏนํ•™ํšŒ์ง€

์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์„ค๊ณ„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ”

ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ €์˜จ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ ์ œ์กฐ์‹œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น 

๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋Š” ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜์—ญ์„

Table 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.16) ์‹คํ—˜์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํƒ๋œ ์ธ์ž ์™ธ์— ๊ธฐ

ํƒ€ ์›์ธ๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ํŽธํ–ฅ๋˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฉ

์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋žœ๋คํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ

๋™์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋‚ด์—

์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ธ”๋กํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ข€ ๋”

์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2ํšŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.2. ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ ์ œ์กฐ

์ถœ๋ฐœ์›๋ฃŒ์ธ ํ์œ ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฐ”ํ…€์• ์‹œ๋ฅผ 85:15๋กœ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ

ํฌ์ œ์ธ CaCO3๋ฅผ 0.6 wt% ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ ยทํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ถ„์ฒดํ˜ผํ•ฉ์šฉ ball

mill(HT-1000, Han tech, Korea)์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ

๊ท ์งˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ท ์งˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋œ ๋ถ„์ฒด(ํ์œ ๋ฆฌ+๋ฐ”ํ…€

์• ์‹œ+CaCO3)์— ์ ๊ฒฐ์ œ๋กœ์จ ๋ฌผ์œ ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฆ๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„

83:4:13(๋ถ„์ฒด :๋ฌผ์œ ๋ฆฌ :์ฆ๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜)์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ฅดํƒ€๋ฅด๋ฏน์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ

์šฉํ•ด 5๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ pelletizer(SEG250, Seisin

็คพ, Japan)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10๋ถ„๊ฐ„ 1์ฐจ(ํšŒ์ „์†๋„ 400 rpm),

2์ฐจ(ํšŒ์ „์†๋„ 600 rpm) ์„ฑํ˜•ํ•œ ํ›„ 100oC์˜ ๊ฑด์กฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 24

์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ

์„ฑํ˜•์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  Lab. scale

์šฉ ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 800oC์—์„œ ์†Œ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถœ๋ฐœ

์›๋ฃŒ์ธ ํ์œ ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฐ”ํ…€์• ์‹œ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ TG-DSC ๋ถ„์„

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 2 ๋ฐ Fig. 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ

์˜ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์€ Table 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2.3. ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ธก์ •

์ œ์กฐ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์€ KS L 9016(๋ณด์˜จ์žฌ์˜ ์—ด

์ „๋„์œจ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ(HC-074, EKO

็คพ, Japan)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰ํŒ์—ด๋ฅ˜๊ณ„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ€

๋„ ๋ฐ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์€ KS F 2533(๊ตฌ์กฐ์šฉ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ตต์€ ๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐ€

๋„ ๋ฐ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Density tester๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

์ธก์ • ยท๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ17)

, ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ์€ KS L 3304(๋‚ดํ™” ๋‹จ์—ด ๋ฒฝ

๋Œ์˜ ๋น„์ค‘ ๋ฐ ์ฐธ๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.18)

๋˜ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘์€ ๋งŒ๋Šฅ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ(UTM 5544, Instron็คพ,

Table 1. Design Area

Conditions

Test conditions

(fixed)

Quantity of B/A 15 wt%

Foaming agent CaCO3 0.6 wt%

Binder(water glass) 4.5 wt%

Sintering Temperature 800oC

Design Factors

(variable)

Kiln Angle(gradient)1.5%(low),

3.5%(high)

Kiln Rotating Speed20 rpm(low),

60 rpm(high)

โ€ป B/A : Bottom ash

Table 2. Chemical Composition of Raw Materials

Comp. SiO2 Al2O3 SO3 Cl Fe2O3

W/G 71.90 1.14 0.30 2.05 0.16

B/A 45.50 23.40 0.24 0.01 5.15

Comp. CaO MgO Na2O K2O L.O.I

W/G 9.38 3.82 9.42 0.28 0.66

B/A 0.99 0.42 0.43 0.62 22.3

โ€ปW/G : Waste glass, B/A : Bottom ash

Fig. 1. Thermal analysis.

Table 3. Specification of Rotary Kiln

Classification Specification

Name of equipment

Manufacturer

Power

Temperature

Quality of tube

RPM of tube

Tilt Angle

Heater

Driving motor

Rotary Kiln(Lab.scale)

Korea Material Development

220V-60 Hz

Max. 1400oC

Inconel

1~80RPM

0~10o

25ร—200ร—650L/ Max. 50 kw

220 V/1HP

Page 3: Optimization of K iln Process Parameters of Low-Temp ...

๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ €์˜จ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™” 367

์ œ47๊ถŒ ์ œ5ํ˜ธ(2010)

USA)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๋ฆ„์ด 10ยฑ0.1 mm์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜

์—ฌ 10ํšŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.4. ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ„์„

๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜(Angle, Speed)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜(์—ด

์ „๋„์œจ, ๋ฐ€๋„, ํก์ˆ˜์œจ, ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘, ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ)์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„

ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์ธ ์ค‘์‹ฌํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Minitab์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ 

์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธก

์ •๊ฐ’์„ Table 4์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ํ˜•์ƒ

์„ Fig. 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐ˜

์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ

ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ์‹์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ์‹์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จ

ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„(ANOVA)์„ ํ†ตํ•œ F-๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ

๋„์ถœ๋œ P-value๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉดํ”Œ๋กฏ(surface plot)๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„ ํ”Œ๋กฏ(contour

plot)์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1. ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ

ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ๊ณผ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ถ„์„

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ 2์ฐจํšŒ๊ท€๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์‹(4)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€

๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

y=0.0645+0.016662*Angle+0.00699*Speed+0.008656*

Angle2โˆ’0.000969*Speed

2+0.005*Angle*Speed (4)

Table 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ F-๊ฒ€

์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ P๊ฐ’์ด 0.000์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜

๋ฉฐ ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค

๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 3์€ ๊ฐ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ์—ด

์ „๋„์œจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉดํ”Œ๋กฏ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์œผ๋กœ

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Angle์€ 1.5~3.0%, Speed

๋Š” 20~60 rpm์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜์—ญ๋Œ€์˜ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,

Angle ๋ฐ Speed๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ฑํ˜•์ฒด์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๋‚ด ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„

์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœํฌ์ œ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ

์ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ

ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.2. ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐ€๋„

ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€์˜ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 4. Results of ANOVA for Responses

Conditions Responses

Angle

(%)

Speed

(rpm)TC D WA FL PO

2.50

2.50

2.50

1.09

3.91

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

3.91

1.09

2.50

3.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

3.50

3.50

2.50

3.50

1.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

68.28

40.00

11.72

40.00

40.00

11.72

40.00

40.00

40.00

68.28

40.00

40.00

40.00

40.00

40.00

60.00

20.00

60.00

20.00

60.00

20.00

40.00

20.00

60.00

40.00

40.00

40.00

40.00

0.071

0.065

0.078

0.071

1.220

0.077

0.064

0.067

0.063

0.071

0.065

0.066

1.200

0.072

0.064

1.220

0.880

0.062

0.090

1.262

0.074

0.066

0.071

0.063

0.065

0.067

0.064

0.065

0.78

0.65

0.77

0.69

13.2

0.76

0.66

0.64

0.67

0.77

0.65

0.66

1.31

0.67

0.63

1.31

0.92

0.63

0.94

1.35

0.77

0.67

0.78

0.62

0.66

0.65

0.65

0.66

14.3

16.2

13.9

14.2

18.6

13.8

16.1

16.4

16.2

14.4

16.3

16.4

18.5

14.3

16.2

18.5

12.6

14.8

12.8

19.4

14.2

16.3

14.3

14.9

16.4

16.2

16.5

16.3

403.8

390.0

149.0

198.0

417.5

150.9

387.1

393.0

391.0

404.7

390.0

392.0

419.4

199.9

389.1

437.1

100.0

258.7

97.0

434.1

401.8

390.0

399.8

257.7

391.0

387.1

389.1

392.0

60.2

72.3

62.5

70.5

32.4

62.4

72.0

72.2

72.4

60.1

72.1

72.2

32.5

70.6

72.5

32.4

54.5

77.5

54.6

30.2

60.0

72.3

60.2

77.4

72.2

72.4

72.3

72.2

โ€ป TC :BD :

WA :

FL :

PO :

Thermal conductivity(W/mยทK)

Density(kg/L)

Water absorption(%)

Fracture load(N)

Porosity(%)

Fig. 2. SEM image of conditions.

Page 4: Optimization of K iln Process Parameters of Low-Temp ...

368 ์ดํ•œ๋ฐฑยท์„œ์น˜ํ˜ธ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏนํ•™ํšŒ์ง€

๋Š” Table 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ 2์ฐจํšŒ๊ท€๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์‹(5)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

y=0.63+0.158514*Angle+0.087793*Speed+0.085937*

Angle2+0.012188*Speed

2+0.0525*Angle*Speed (5)

Table 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ F-๊ฒ€

์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ P๊ฐ’์ด 0.000๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ

์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ

๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 4๋Š” ๊ฐ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„์—

๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉดํ”Œ๋กฏ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ

๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Angle์€ 1.5~3.0%, Speed๋Š”

20~57rpm์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜์—ญ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Angle

๋ฐ Speed๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ฑํ˜•์ฒด์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๋‚ด ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฆ

๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœํฌ์ œ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณต

์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Table 5. ANOVA of Thermal Conductivity by Response Surface Analysis

Source DF SeqSS AdjSS AdjMS F P

Reg. Analysis 5 0.006570 0.006570 0.001314 342.71 0.000

Linear 2 0.005224 0.005224 0.002612 681.19 0.000

Square 2 0.001146 0.001146 0.000573 149.49 0.000

Interaction 1 0.000200 0.000200 0.000200 52.16 0.000

Residual Error 21 0.000081 0.000081 0.000004

Lack of fit 3 0.000044 0.000044 0.000015 7.36 0.002

Pure Error 18 0.000036 0.000036 0.000002

Total 27 0.006651

โ€ป DF: degrees of freedom F : F-valueSeqSS: Sequential sums of squares P : P-value

AdjSS: Adjusted sums of squares

AdjMS: Adjusted mean square

Fig. 3. Contour and surface plots of thermal conductivity.

Table 6. ANOVA of Density by Response Surface Analysis

Source DF SeqSS AdjSS AdjMS F P

Reg. Analysis 5 0.656934 0.656934 0.131387 1450.82 0.000

Linear 2 0.525347 0.525347 0.262674 2900.54 0.000

Square 2 0.109537 0.109537 0.054768 604.77 0.000

Interaction 1 0.022050 0.022050 0.022050 243.48 0.000

Residual Error 21 0.001902 0.001902 0.000091

Lack of fit 3 0.001052 0.001052 0.000351 7.42 0.002

Pure Error 18 0.000850 0.000850 0.000047

Total 27 0.658868

Page 5: Optimization of K iln Process Parameters of Low-Temp ...

๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ €์˜จ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™” 369

์ œ47๊ถŒ ์ œ5ํ˜ธ(2010)

3.3. ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ

ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ๊ณผ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋Š” Table 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ 2์ฐจํšŒ๊ท€๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์‹(6)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

y=16.2-4.1756*Angle-2.2774*Speed-1.4938*Angle2

+0.4562*Speed2-0.95*Angle*Speed (6)

Table 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ F-๊ฒ€

์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ P๊ฐ’์ด 0.000์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜

๋ฉฐ ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค

๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 5๋Š” ๊ฐ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํก

์ˆ˜์œจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉดํ”Œ๋กฏ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜

ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Angle์€ 1.5~2.5%, Speed

๋Š” 20~27 rpm์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์˜์—ญ๋Œ€์˜ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,

Angle ๋ฐ Speed๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ฑํ˜•์ฒด์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๋‚ด ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„

์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœํฌ์ œ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ

๊ธฐ๊ณตํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ณต ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด๋™์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•ด์กŒ

๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

3.4. ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘

ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 4. Contour and surface plots of density.

Table 7. ANOVA of Water Absorption by Response Surface Analysis

Source DF SeqSS AdjSS AdjMS F P

Reg. Analysis 5 406.981 406.981 81.396 905.54 0.000

Linear 2 361.960 361.960 180.980 2013.42 0.000

Square 2 37.801 37.801 18.901 210.27 0.000

Interaction 1 7.220 7.220 7.220 80.32 0.000

Residual Error 21 1.888 1.888 0.090

Lack of fit 3 1.511 1.511 0.504 24.07 0.000

Pure Error 18 0.377 0.377 0.021

Total 27 408.939

Fig. 5. Contour and surface plots of water absorption.

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370 ์ดํ•œ๋ฐฑยท์„œ์น˜ํ˜ธ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏนํ•™ํšŒ์ง€

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Table 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ 2์ฐจํšŒ๊ท€๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์‹(7)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€

๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

y=39.8083+10.0785*Angle+7.0686*Speed-4.0167*Angle2

-5.6292*Speed2-3.1875*Angle*Speed (7)

Table 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ F-๊ฒ€

์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ P๊ฐ’์ด 0.000์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜

๋ฉฐ ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค

๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 6์€ ๊ฐ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํŒŒ

๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉดํ”Œ๋กฏ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์œผ๋กœ

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Angle์€ 2.3~3.5%, Speed

๋Š” 25~60 rpm์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์˜์—ญ๋Œ€์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,

Angle ๋ฐ Speed๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ฑํ˜•์ฒด์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๋‚ด ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„

์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœํฌ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ

ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ

์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

3.5. ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ

ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ๊ณผ์˜ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋Š” Table 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ 2์ฐจํšŒ๊ท€๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์‹(8)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

y=72.1333-13.7165*Angle-6.6693*Speed-6.1792*Angle2

-0.9167*Speed2-3.8375*Angle*Speed (8)

Table 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ F-๊ฒ€

Table 8. ANOVA of Fracture Load by Response Surface Analysis

Source DF SeqSS AdjSS AdjMS F P

Reg. Analysis 5 303910 303910 60782 90.53 0.000

Linear 2 232839 232839 116419 173.40 0.000

Square 2 63271 63271 31635 47.12 0.000

Interaction 1 7800 7800 7800 11.62 0.003

Residual Error 21 14099 14099 671

Lack of fit 3 1404 14047 4682 1599.95 0.000

Pure Error 18 53 53 3

Total 27 318061

Fig. 6. Contour and surface plots of fracture load.

Table 9. ANOVA of Porosity by Response Surface Analysis

Source DF SeqSS AdjSS AdjMS F P

Reg. Analysis 5 4406.60 4406.60 881.32 1036.04 0.000

Linear 2 3721.97 3721.97 1860.99 2187.70 0.000

Square 2 566.81 566.81 283.41 333.16 0.000

Interaction 1 117.81 117.81 117.81 138.49 0.000

Residual Error 21 17.86 17.86 0.85

Lack of fit 3 16.94 16.94 5.65 109.67 0.000

Pure Error 18 0.93 0.93 0.05

Total 27 4426.75

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๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ €์˜จ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™” 371

์ œ47๊ถŒ ์ œ5ํ˜ธ(2010)

์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ P๊ฐ’์ด 0.000์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜

๋ฉฐ ์ถ”์ •๋œ 2์ฐจ ๋‹คํ•ญ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค

๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. Fig. 7์€ ๊ฐ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ

๊ณต์œจ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉดํ”Œ๋กฏ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๊ณ ์„ ํ”Œ๋กฏ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜

ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, Angle์€ 1.5~2.4%, Speed

๋Š” 20~39 rpm์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์˜์—ญ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,

Angle ๋ฐ Speed๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ฑํ˜•์ฒด์˜ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๋‚ด ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„

์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœํฌ์ œ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด

๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ์˜ ์ฆ

๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ฐ

์†Œ ๋ฐ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ

ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.6. ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”

Lab. scale์šฉ ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ

์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€

์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์— ๊ตํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ(์—ด์ „๋„์œจ, ๋ฐ€

๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์€ ๋ง์†ŒํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ, ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ์€ ๋ง

๋Œ€ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •)์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด

๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Fig. 8์€ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜(์—ด์ „๋„์œจ, ๋ฐ€

๋„, ํก์ˆ˜์œจ, ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜์ค‘, ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜(Angle,

Speed)์˜ ์ตœ์ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‚ฌ

๋ฅธ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Angle์€ 2.4646%, Speed๋Š”

40.7089 rpm์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐ’(D)์ด 0.90602๋กœ 1.0

์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Fig. 7. Contour and surface plots of porosity.

Fig. 8. Response optimization plot for main operating condition

parameters of lightweight aggregate.

Fig. 9. Correlation among porosity, thermal conductivity.

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372 ์ดํ•œ๋ฐฑยท์„œ์น˜ํ˜ธ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏนํ•™ํšŒ์ง€

3.7. ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ๊ณผ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„

Fig. 9๋Š” ์ œ์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ๊ณผ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ

๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์—

๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ด์ „๋„์œจ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.91(-)๋กœ

๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ €์˜จ์†Œ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ Lab.

scale์šฉ ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ์˜ ๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ

๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธํšŒ์ „์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์š”๊ณต์ •๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ, ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ์—ด

์ „๋„์œจ, ๋ฐ€๋„, ํก์ˆ˜์œจ, ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ•๋„, ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ์„ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค

์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(response surface analysis)์„ ํ†ตํ•œ

์ตœ์ ํ™”(response optimization plot test) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋Š”

2.4646%, ํ‚ฌ๋ฅธํšŒ์ „์†๋„๋Š” 40.7089 rpm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜

ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ฐ’์ด 0.90602๋กœ 1.0์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€

์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰๊ณจ์žฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์œจ๊ณผ ์—ด์ „

๋„์œจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” 0.91(-)์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€

๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgment

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ํ•ด์–‘๋ถ€ ์ฒจ๋‹จ๋„์‹œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…(09-์ฒจ๋‹จ๋„์‹œA01)

์ดˆ๊ณ ์ธต๋ณตํ•ฉ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ์Šˆํผ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ์‹ค์šฉํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ง€์›์œผ

๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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