Optimising wheat grain shape and size for improved … · · 2008-04-03report from crease images...
Transcript of Optimising wheat grain shape and size for improved … · · 2008-04-03report from crease images...
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Reduction System Break System
First break
Second break
Third break
Fourth break
SIZ 1
3MD SIZ 2
A
B
B2
F
C
D
E
G
H
K
to C
to F
to F
Break roll
Reduction roll
Flour
Bran
Sifter
Wheat
Quiver sifters
Optimising wheat grain shape and size for improved processing quality
Milling involves•separation of the outer layers (bran) from the inner endosperm •followed by reduction of the size of the endosperm particles
Complex process –
dependent on several factors.
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Milling quality / yield
Endosperm
mechanical properties
Endosperm -
bran ratio (size & shape)
Endosperm -
bran separation
Endosperm –
aleurone adhesion
Bran
mechanical properties
In general:
•Millers obtain more flour from large, well filled, ‘round’ grains•Malters
obtain better malting consistency from large, ‘round’, barley grains
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Parametric 3D model (Mabille
and Abecassis
INRA –
Montpellier) based on length, thickness, half-
width, depth of crease and ‘F’ factor
•suggests crease morphology is an important factor
half width
Predicting milling yield
Length
thickness
depth of crease
F
Grains have a complex shape –
less than ideal
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Multidisciplinary programme of work
Model systems
Candidate genes
Environmental interaction
Understandingdevelopment
QTLmapping
Survey material
Validation of QTLs&
Candidate genesMarkers
Breedingprogrammes
Assessment of milling efficiency
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Morphometric traits distribution in the Beaver x Soissons DH population
W/L B S Length Width
Area
TGWB
S S
B
B
S
S
B
DH3.25 DH3.65 DH3.47 DH3.20 Beaver Soissons
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Differences exist in crease morphologyBeaver Soissons
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Phaseview
report from crease images of Cadenza
Using surface metrology to measure the crease
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Better understanding of grain shape and crease morphology
Aleurone cells
Starchy endosperm
Seed coat and pericarp
layers
Vascular trace
Nuclei 3DAA
Mature grain
8 DAA
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Bowman and inflorescences~1 week before anthesis
glo
rob1/Vrs1
glo/rob1/Vrs1
glo/vrs1
glo (BW2006)
Glo (cv Bowman)
Identifying genes controlling shape -
BARLEY
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Grain width QTL
Steptoe x Morex
Grain length QTL
Mapping genes controlling shape in barley
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Model species: endosperm size in Arabidopsis and maize can be altered by genetic and epigenetic manipulations
6xX2x6m:1p
2xX2x2m:1p
2xX62m:3p
Parental genome ratio in the endosperm
Wild Type
Maternal excess
Paternal excess
Arabidopsis Maize
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Generate data sets that identify genes positively correlated with endosperm overgrowth
Arabidopsis Maize
Common genesor pathways
Manipulate wheat
homologuesin early wheat endospermusing wheat
promoters
Overlay Arabidopsis and maize data sets to produce ‘robust’
subset
Test efficacy in Arabidopsis
Identify +‘growth’ genes via expression-profiling
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The The SatakeSatake
Centre for grain process engineering Centre for grain process engineering --
University of ManchesterUniversity of ManchesterTesting the effect of grain shape changes on milling
Break roller floor Reduction system
HeygatesLimited,Northampton
Experimental milling equipment
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Optimising wheat grain shape and size for improved processing quality
RRes: Peter Shewry, Alison Huttly, Sabine Gubatz, Graham King, Huw jones, Rowan Mitchell
JIC: John Snape, John Doonan, Vasilis Gegas, Simon Griffiths
SCRI: David Leader, Arnis Druka, Jill Alexandex
University of Bath: Rod Scott, Melissa Spielman
University of Oxford: Hugh Dickinson
University of Manchester: Grant Campbell
Crop Science Initiative funded - 4 year project