OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management October 28, 29 th 2004 Malta kick-off...
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Transcript of OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable Water Resources Management October 28, 29 th 2004 Malta kick-off...
OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable
Water Resources Management
October 28, 29th 2004
Malta kick-off meeting
National Centre for Remote Sensing - TUNISIA
Tunisian case study
22
Water resources state
• Water resources are unevenly distributed in geographic and seasonal terms
(Over 77% of the volume of dam water is stored in the North)
• Population growth and socio-economic development: growth in water need
• Increasing pressure on the country capacity to provide this scarce resource
• Renewable groundwater is estimated to be about 1319 million m3/ year
1/2
33
2/2
Connections (overall)Drinkable water (provision)…………………………….96,4%Drinkable water (household connection)………….79,1%
Sanitation (urban)Connection rate………………………………………….81%
Water consumption :Water consumption in urban environment…….109 L/day/Inh
Annual water Demand per sector and per inhabitant:
Irrigation: 425 m3/yearDomestic: 55 m3/yearIndustry : 35 m3/year
• North: satisfying• South: lack of resources
44
[0 – 20]
[21 – 40]
[41 – 70]
[71 – 150]
[> 150]
Price rangem3/term
0,215/DT/m3
0,028 0,170
0 40 70
3,860DT
20
0,430/DT/m3
0,269
0,430
0 70 150
7,600DT
0,650
20
0,170 0,269 0,445
0,650
0,269 0,445
0 70 150
7,820DT0,497
0,790
20
0,170
[150, …]
0,017/DT/m3
0,135/DT/m3
0 20
1,310
FixedFees/term Water cost
Sanitation fees
Water & waste water pricing:
0,215/DT/m3
0 40
0,028 0,170
20
1,310DT
Exemple:0.135 x 10m3 + 0.017 m3 x 10 + 1.310 = 2.830 DT
1 DT = 0.65 €
55
Water resources Issues
Over exploitation of surface and groundwater
Urban extension generates a conflict
between :• Water consumption,• Water Waste
Exploitation
1/2
Intensive irrigation using different kinds of
water: • Drinkable water,• Treated water• Drilled water (superficial and deep wells)
66
High salinity:
• Salinity ratio < 1.5g/l : reserved for drinking water :
83%
• 1.5g/l < salinity ration <5g/l : can be used for irrigation of resistant crop type 14
%
• >5g/l : desalinization : 3
%
Quality2/2
Capacity
36 billion m3/year
4,570 Billion m3 /year2,7 Billion m3/year: surface water
1,870 Billion m3/year: Ground water
Evaporation: 80 %!!!!!
77
Tunisian Water Policy
• Skill development to satisfy water demand without rationning water
• Diversification of hydraulic infrastructure to retain and manage Water Resources
• Progressive law adaptation
• Water is institutionalised and managed by 3 ministries
88
Key Stakeholders
Ministry of A.E.H.R Ministry of E.T.P Ministry of Public Health
SONEDE DGRE DEGTH CRDA APAL DGAT ANPEONAS
Regional Agencies
Laboratories and units
Regional Agencies
99
Key End-users
• The major consumer of Land and Water
Agriculture
• Constitues a major source of pollution by nitrogen, phosphates and pesticides.
• Irrigated lands represent about a third of the hole agricultural areas
• Agriculture now uses about 83% of the country’s water resources
1010
Tourism
Householders
Industry
• The industrial sector water consumption: 69.2
Mm3/year
Wastewater is estimated to be about 275 Mm3 / year
(110 Mm3 / year)
(380 Mm3 / year)
(30 Mm3 / year)• The touristic sector water consumption: 4.5
Mm3/year
•The drinking water supply consumption: 175.1
Mm3/year
1111
Case study
1212
Geographic location
1313
Case study State
Area: 1140 km2
Coastline length: 100 km
Extent: from Ras Sidi Ali Mekki to Ras Fartas
Coastline Type: wide and numerous sandy beaches
Marine bottom Type: Sandy and muddy
Area: 630 km2
Coastline length: 53 km
1414
Case study state
• The increase in the economic and human activities terribly affects the coastline
• Two major rivers flow across the Gulf of Tunis
1. in the north MEDJERDA river (1000Mm3/year) 2. in the south MELIANE river (230 Mm3/year)
• The Gulf of Tunis undergoes:
1. an urban development 2. concentration of socio-economic activities
• Domestic wastewater • Industrial wastewater• runoff water
1515
Data collection
1. Geographic data
• satellite images in different resolution (10 m, 2.5 m, and 1 meter)
• Arial photographs
• DEM in high resolution 25 meters
• Coverages
• View and simulation in 3 Dimensions
• Land use maps
• Maps in 1/25.000 Scale
1616
2. Meteorological data
• Temperature time-series
• Rainfall time-series
• Wind speed and direction
3. socio-economic & bibliographic data
• Statistics
• National and regional reports ( state of environment – Land use Master
Plans)
• Studies
1717
Conclusion
• We carried out many profitable studies about the Tunisian Water Resource Management
• The reports and results of much research study are difficult to be obtained from other institutions ( Lack of communication )
• Reinforce the relationship between local all partners
Information-holders