Optical Observations at Sea
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Transcript of Optical Observations at Sea
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Lmifl`e
.I` lmifl`f kztlnic ~e`~kr thit meet~ the akcckvl`f ~zenlalnitlk`~2 I d|`imln ri`fe ka krder 9: 9: -9: 9? (p>5-4: olt~, I` iolclt| tk re~kcqe kqer 9:#::: viqeoi`d~ kqer the ql~loce. I detentlk` clmlt eyulqice`t tk zhktk` acux it the :.:::::9% clfht ceqec(recitlqe tk ~uraine `kk`, vhlce ~tlcc re~kcql`f nkckr~# i`d three krder~ ka mif`ltude mkre vhe` ~hlated (iutkmitlnicc|, tk mk`knhrkmitln mkdene`tered it 4 nm l` ~l e Kther mkdec~ iqilcioce ~e`~ltlqe l` UQ# L_# zkcirl itlk`
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The zrkdunt ka> olcclk` |eir~ ka _!D)
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Kztlnic Ko~erqitlk`~ it ^ei
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_idlitlqe Tri`~aer Eyuitlk`
Oeer-Cimoert Civ
E=E : e -g
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The ^ennhl Dl~g2
Alr~t ~|~temitln u~ife rezkrted l` 9811# out ko~erqed i`dremirged uzk` munh eircler.
Eirc| exzerlme`t~ nirrled kut o| Nkmmi`der Nlicdl# heidka the Zizic @iq|# i`d Zrkae~~kr ^ennhl k`okird the ^^CLmminkciti Nk`ne lk`e (Nlicdl# 9811,.
U~ed kzeritlk`icc| akr e~tiocl~hl`f ild~ tk `iqlfitlk` kqer ~hicckv viter.
Kztlnic Ko~erqitlk`~ it ^ei
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Mkre Kztlnic Ko~erqitlk`~
Dlaau~e itte`uitlk` ( G # m-9 , e.f.# G d (e.f. E d ( 'D , = E d ( , exz(- G d. D ,,
_eacenti`ne ( _ , e.f.# _idli`ne reacenti`ne ( Cu+E d7 ~r
-9,
The Au`dime`tic zrkocem l`knei` kztln~ l~ tk recite theLKZ~ tk the IKZ~.
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The dlaau~e itte`uitlk` nkeaalnle`t irl~e~ oeniu~e the u`derviter clfht alecd l~ `kti nkcclmited oeim i~ l~ i~~umed vhe` ve ticg iokut the oeim itte`uitlk`nkeaalnle`t ( n ,. Lt l~ u~eauc hkveqer# oeniu~e the dlaau~e itte`uitlk` nkeaalnle`t# G #
ni` de~nrloe the intuic ze`etritlk` ka clfht l` the ~ei. Lt l~ nck~ec| recited tk i .
:.:: :.?: :.4: :.1: :.8: 9.::
Lrridli ne
:.::
?:.::
4:.::
1:.::
8:.::
9::.::
D e z t h
( m ,
p e -Gr
p 9%
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_. Be~ter
Icfie ni` oe ~l`fce necced#nhil`~ ka necc~#kr cirfer minrkzh|te~
_. Gudeci
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Nhckrkzh|cc i emlt~ red clfht vhe`exnlted vlth ocue kr red clfht )
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Acukre~ne`ne Cl`e Helfht (ACH,
Viter io~kro~ ~trk`fc| oe|k`d iokut 6:: `m# ~k the L_ l~ nut k zci`t~ (i`d icfie,io~kro ~trk`fc| l` the ocue# zrkdunl`f i free` zeig ukre~ne`ne idd~ MK_E clfht l`the red (p6:: `m,# i`d l`nrei~e~ vlth l`nrei~l`f olkmi~~.
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Lmife Nkurte~| Bkh` _|i`# MOI_L
Iqerife durl`f extreme ockkm ~ei~k`(Iufu~t @kqemoer,
Zi~~lqeAcukre~ne`nedetented o|~itecclte~ni` oe u~ed tklde`tla|zh|tkzci`gtk`olkmi~~
^i`ti Nru
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Gecz the tree~ ka the knei` (ve ni` u~eci`doi~ed ~zentric i`ic|~l~),
_edEdfe
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GECZAK_E^T^
Icc gecz akre~t enkckf| nk`te`tnkurte~| ka Zete _ilmk`dl# UN^N
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Gecz (Orkv` Icfie,Orkv` Icfie (Zhiekzh|ti, 9::: ~zenle~# icmk~t icc
mirl`e
L`ncude~ ^irfi~~um# Zidl`i#gecz~ Mk~t nkmmk` l` nkcd#
temzerite ~ei~ Tvk zlfme`t~ akr
zhktk~|`the~l~29, Nhckrkzh|cc~ i i`d n?, Aunkxi`thl` (orkv` nkckr,
De~nrlztlqe Enkckf|
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Fli`t gecz(Minrkn|~tl~ z|rlaeri,
Knnur k` rkng| okttkm~ (? m tk >: m, Nkmzetltlqe dkml`i`t icfi @krther` clmlt ~et o| h|drkd|`imln
akrne~ ^kuther` clmlt ~et o| zkkr ~uo~trite
! temzeriture+`utrle`t~ nk`dltlk`~
De~nrlztlqe Enkckf|
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Gecz akre~t~ - Vhere dk the| knnur;Dl~trloutlk`
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Gecz~ vkrcdvlde
Engck`li
@erekn|~tl~
Ciml`irliZter|fkzhkri
Minrkn|~tl~
Dl~trloutlk`
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LL. DL^T_LOUTLK@
9. gecz akre~t~ ire aku`d l` ~hicckv rkng| hioltit~ick`f temzerite nki~t~ thrkufhkut the vkrcd
?. the irei ka the vkrcd~ knei`~ nkqered o| geczakre~t~ l~ nkmzirioce tk thit nkqered o| nkricreea~. U`clge nkric~# hkveqer# gecz thrlqe~ l`nkkc `utrle`t rlnh viter
>. thl~ exzcil`~ vh| the mk~t exte`~lqe geczakre~t~ ire aku`d k` ve~ter` nk`R`e`ticmirfl`~# vhlnh ire irei~ vhere exte`~lqeuzveccl`f knnur~.
Dl~trloutlk`
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Vkrcdvlde Gecz (Ciml`irlice~, Dl~trloutlk`The| frkv l` nkcd `utrle`t rlnh viter~
Minrkn|~tl~i`d @erekn|~tl~
Minrkn|~tl~i`d Ce~~k`li
Minrkn|~tl~# Engck`li i`d Ciml`irli
Engck`li i`d Minrkn|~tl~
Ciml`irli
Arkm2 ^te`eng et ic. ?::?
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Fli`t gecz~ ri`fe
^i`ti Nru
I~u`nl`
p945: gm
Dl~trloutlk`
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Tvk ~kurne~ ka zrkduntlqlt|Zrkduntlqlt|
Minrkzh|te zrkduntlk`- oithed l` `utrle`t~- ~enk`d ai~te~t frkvl`f zci`t
k` eirth- nk`~ti`t zrkduntlk` + ck~~ ka
ocide~ (ceiqe~,- aed k` dlrentc| o| fri l`f ~`ilc~
i`d nru~tinei`~- ocide~ cltter reea tk nreite
detrltu~ akkd nhil`
Zci`gtk` L`acux- zh|tkzci`gtk`# hkckzci`gtk`#
merkzci`gtk`- freit iou`di`ne i`d dlqer~lt| ka
zci`gtlqkre~
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^trunture ka i gecz akre~t
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Gecz akre~t~ q~ terre~trlic akre~t~Zrkduntlqlt|
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Hioltit T|ze I``uic @et ZrkdunDk`(dr| gf+m?+|r,
Trkzlnic ril` akre~t ?.?
Trkzlnic ~ei~k`ic akre~t 9.1
Temzerite
eqerfree` akre~t
9.>
denlduku~ akre~t 9.?
Okreic akre~t :.8
Fli`t gecz akre~t ?.?
E~tuir| 9.8
Uzveccl`f k`e :.5Nk`R`e`tic ~heca :.>1
Kze` Knei` :.9>
Zrkduntlqlt|
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Izlnic Merl~tem
Mkrzhkckf|
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Hkcdai~t
^Dze
Ocide
Ni`kz|
^zkrkzh|cc~
^zkrkzh|cc
^kru~
Mkrzhkckf|
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_ezrkduntlk`
Fimetkzh|te~
Nkmzcex clae hl~tkr| icter`itl`foetvee` muctl-neccucir hizckldi`d dlzckld l`dlqlduic~
Qer| aenu`d 9: trlcclk` ~zkre~ l`claetlme)
Hlfh mkrticlt| ka ~zkre~
Gecz _ezrkduntlk`
^trk`fc| l`acue`ned o|
temzeriture i`d iqilciolclt|ka clfht# `utrle`t~# i`d~uo~trite
Ckver dezth clmlt l~ u~uicc|nk`trkcced o| clfht
mice
aemice
oio| ~zkrkzh|te
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Minrkn|~R~ clae n|nce
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Gecz akre~t~ nkme i`d fk
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Iolktln aintkr~ l`acue`nl`f
dl~trloutlk` i`d iou`di`ne @utrle`t~ Temzeriture Clfht Viter mktlk` Hird ~uo~trite
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9 Ec @lk Iolktln Aintkr~
Viqe Intlk`
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Olktln aintkr~ l`acue`nl`f
dl~trloutlk` i`d iou`di`ne ^zkre dl~zer~ic Nkmzetltlk` (e~zenlicc| akr ~uo~trite, Fri l`f
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Olktln Aintkr~
Nkmzetltlk` akr ~zine
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^ei urnhl`~ fri e k` geczOlktln Aintkr~
fri er~
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^ei ktter~ nk`trkc urnhl`
zkzucitlk`~ o| eitl`f them
Olktln Aintkr~
Ktter~- nute glccer~
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Gecz Akre~t Nkmmu`ltle~
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Hioltit ~trunture
Gecz akre~t enk~|~tem~
- ~uoni`kz|
- ~uraine ni`kz|
- tura
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Buqe`lce al`al~h
Iduct al`al~h Mirl`e mimmic~
U`der~tkr| icfie
L`qerteorite~
L`qerteorite~
Fli`t gecz nkmmu`ltle~
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_eacenti`ne ~zentri ka
miture gecz i`d ~eiviter
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Gecz nkqer nkucd oe lde`tlaled
l` ^ZKT lmifer|
True nkckr lmifenckud~ ! ci`d
mi~ged
gecz ~lf`ituredkml`itedZN oi`d ?
vl``kvl`f cter
izzcled tk lmife N
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Gecz olkmi~~vi~ innuritec| e~tlmited
arkm ~itecclte ko~erqitlk`~
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I.Gecz olkmi~~ vi~nk`~l~te`tc| hlfh l` thene`ter ka oed~
O.Olkmi~~ it edfe~ka gecz oed~ vi~hlfhc| qirlioce
kqer tlme
I O
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I`ic|~l~2 L~ci Ql~ti L~ci Ql~ti ~hkv~ i hlfh dl~trlouRk` ka medlum tk hlfh de`~lt| hioltitl` the 694m dezth ri`fe i`d i nkmzirioc| hlfh dl~trlouRk` ka ckvde`~lt| gecz l` the :6m ri`fe
The gecz akre~t irei l~ ~kmevhit zrktented o| the zkl`t k tk theve~t# vhlnh mi| ou er ~kme ka the nurre`t i`d viqe e`erf| inR`f
k` the ~hicckv akre~t# zreqe`R`f hlfher de`~lRe~ ka gecz due tkckver `utrle`t kv There l~ i ~l eioce fiz ka vhit izzeir~ tk oe qlioce gecz renrultme`tirei# vhlnh nkucd oe exzcil`ed o| i` irei ka `k`~ultioce ~uo~tritekr urnhl` inRqlt|# aurther diti vkucd oe `eeded tk nk`ncude
Ni~e| igrk # ^I_Z 9:
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Zi`~hirze`l`f MI^TE_ vlth DN^MI^TE_ DN^ Zi`~hirze`ed MI^TE_
_inhec Fertc# ^I_Z 9:
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^ziRic Metrln~DN^ Zi`~hirze`ed MI^TE_ MI^TE_
N^ Zi`~hirze`edMI^TE_
MI^TE_
@umoer ka ncu~ter~ 6?8 415 95:
Tktic Irei (m ? , 99?#698 96:#89< ?4?#5>4
Dl~zer~lk` (IrnFL^, :.14 :.41 :.6>
Dl~zer~lk`(Arif~tit~,
8.5?< 4.95:? ?9.814?
IffrefiRk` L`dex(Arif~tit~,
.4
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Zl`g= Gecz ni`kz| _ed= nkcder irei~ Free`= virmer irei~
_u`|k` Vkkd~# ^I_Z 99
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Methkd~2 Hi`dcl`f Nckud Nkqer
DL@EKA Diti l`terzkciRk`
emzlrlnic krthkfk`ic
au`nRk` L`zut~
Tlme ~erle~ ka ~ziRicnhckrkzh|cc diti
^ziRic ci`dmi~g diti KzRk`ic nckudmi~g
diti akr u~er nrk~~qicldiRk`
Blmm| K^hei# ^I_Z 99
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Methkd~2 IutkmiRk`
Blmm| K^hei# ^I_Z 99
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_2 5+9
F2 1+4
O2 ^CH
^I_Z ?::