Opppptical time lens applications for ultra-fast optical ...€¦ · All optical OFDM...

October 21 2013 ISUPT 2013, Uni. Rochester

Optical time lens applications for ultra-fast p ppoptical signal processing

bridging between serial and parallel data formatsbridging between serial and parallel data formats

Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe

High-Speed Optical Communications groupDTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical U i it f D k B ildi 343 2800 L b D k University of Denmark, Building 343, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark

[email protected]

21/10/[email protected] 1DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark

High-Speed Optical Communications GroupHigh Speed Optical Communications Group

research topicsGroup leader: Prof. Leif Katsuo Oxenløwe. 22 people, 2 professors

Silicon photonics

Nonlinear optical signal processing:Parametric effects, time lenses a.o..

Silicon photonicsPhotonic chips for future supercomputers Space-division multiplexing:

multi-mode / multi-core fiber

Ultra-high-speed communication: 1 28 Tbit/ i l d t

Tbit/s EtherNetD t t li ti 1.28 Tbit/s serial dataData centre applications

Prof. Toshio Morioka

Seniors:


PhD

students:

Seniors:

Motivation and outline• Recall: K. Hinton et al, JSTQE 14 (3) (2008): “photonic technologies may be well suited for processes ... where the number of signal processing devices is small.”R. Tucker et al, IEEE Photon. J., 3(5) (2011): “Optical signal processing is potentially competitive with electronic signal processing … if the signal processing function is simple – i.e., when there are only a few digital operations performed on each bit of data ”operations performed on each bit of data.• Many bits per operation! Time lens applications well suited for this

- Serial-to-parallel conversion (system power reduction)

- WDM OSP: grid manipulation (spectral telescope)

- OFDM-to-WDM conversion: WDM Rx

- Tbit/s Ethernet packet synchronisation

- Future direction: ultra-broadband silicon


• Summary

Motivation: System power reduction with serial-to-parallel H.C.H. Mulvad et al, ECOC 2011, postdeadline paper PDP Th.13.A.2

12

640 Gbit/s serial-to-parallel conversion (OTDM-to-WDM conversion)-20 10 GHz pump640 Gbit/s

OTDM (OOK)(a)

Time-domain optical Fourier transformation (OFT) using Si

OFT

Pump3

64

Data

Si

spec

tralD

D/2

-60

-50

-40

-30

idler:25 GHz DWDM

Pow

er [d

Bm]

( ) gnanowire or HNLF time

1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590

-80

-70

P

Wavelength [nm]

OTDM-WDM

time J X C P h t P J time lens

J. Xu, C. Peucheret, P. Jeppesen, ICTON 2010, paper Th.A1.1

Total system power for BER <10-9 –disregard common equipment, Including cooling all active devices

With OFT (time domain Optical Fourier Transformation): OTDM: one laser Tx two gates Rx:


cooling all active devicesOTDM: one laser Tx, two gates Rx: Order of magnitude less power than WDM (!)

Scalable: Same power for higher C

Serial-to-parallel conversion: same pump power IPC’2012


At FEC limit: Same pump power shared by more bits at higher bit rates lower energy/bit (No pump saturation)

Space-time duality: far field diffraction ~ dispersive propagation1

Frauenhofer diffraction: far field image = F(object)

object focusing

1: B.H. Kolner, ”Space time duality and the theory of temporal imaging,” JQE, 30 pp1951, (1994)

2 a2 a

objectimage

focusing lens

far field ~ z >> a

bj t

Propagation in dispersive media: ”far field image” = F(object)

Dtot=2L”far field” ~ Dtot >> |t0|2

D

imageobject

D

C-mod


time timeF(object) = input spectrum

Important references on various applications

• Time-lens timing-jitter compensator in ultra-long haul DWDM dispersion managed soliton transmissions, L. F. Mollenauer and C. Xu CLEO 2002, paper CPDBl

• Photonic time-stretched analog-to-digital converter: fundamental concepts and practical considerations, Y. Han and B. Jalali, J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 3085-3103, (2003)

• Ideal distortion-free transmission using optical Fourier transformation and Fourier transform-limited optical pulses, M. Nakazawa, T. Hirooka, F. Futami, and S. Watanabe, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1059-1061 (2004)

• Photonic synthesis of broadband microwave arbitrary waveforms applicable to ultra-wideband communication, I. S. Lin, J. D. McKinney, A. M. Weiner, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Compon. Lett. 15, 226-228 (2005)p , ( )

• Ultrafast Optical Signal Processing Based Upon Space-Time Dualities, James van Howe and Chris Xu, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 24, Issue 7, pp. 2649- (2006)

• Optical time lens based on four-wave mixing on a silicon chip, Reza Salem, Mark A Foster Amy C Turner David F Geraghty Michal Lipson and Alexander L Gaeta A. Foster, Amy C. Turner, David F. Geraghty, Michal Lipson, and Alexander L. Gaeta, Optics Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 10, pp. 1047-1049 (2008)

• Application of space–time duality to ultrahigh-speed optical signal processing, Reza Salem, Mark A. Foster, and Alexander L. Gaeta, Advances in Optics and Photonics, Vol 5 Issue 3 pp 274 317 (2013)


Vol. 5, Issue 3, pp. 274-317 (2013)

Time lens: Serial-to-parallel with spectral compression by FWM BA C D

Chirped pump

And chirped data

time

And chirped data data

A

BB

C


D

Nyquist-OTDM to OFDM (10% duty cycle) conversionH. Hu et al, CLEO 2013, Postdeadline paper CTh5D.5: 1.28 Tbaud Nyquist ch. 100 km transmission

20

-10

0

nm)

After transmission -30

-20

m)

N-OTDM to ”10%-OFDM”

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

er d

ensi

ty (d

Bm

/0.1

n

B f

-60

-50

-40

er d

ensi

ty (d

Bm

/0.1

nm

22.56 Tb/s PDM-N-OTDM @ OSNR of 38.3dB1.28 Tb/s

O

1540 1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570-90

-80

-70

Wavelength (nm)

Pow

e

Before transmission

1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570

-80

-70

Wavelength (nm)

Pow

e

2

3

ER

)BER = 3E-3

@N-OTDM

4

5

6

-log(

BE

TE mode100 km error-free transmission of pol-mux Tbaud signal


1 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 1287

Channel (#)

TM mode

Span: 5 ps

p gAll channels below FEC limit

FEC employed with 6.6% overhead ~ 2.4 Tbit/s error-free transmision

Time lens: OTDMWDM conversion of QPSK and 16 QAMOTDM-to-WDM conversion of complex modulation formats by time-domain optical Fourier transformation Evarist Palushani ,T. Richter et al, OFC 2012, paper OTh3H.2.

a) e) 160 GBd->10 GBd, 320 GBd->10 GBd f1 320->10 GBd, 1528.77 nm, 640->10 GBd, 1528.77 nm

QPSK:

-50

-40

-30 10 GHz Pump

idler: 100 GHz DWDM

wer

[dBm

]

a)

8,5

9,0

9,5

10,0

10,5

)640 GBd->10 GBd

for B

ER=1

0-3

1.7 dB

f

3

2

3.8E-3

320->10 GBd, 1532.76 nm, 640->10 GBd, 1532.76 nm 640->10 GBd, 1533.08 nm

320->10 GBd, 1537.4 nm, 640->10 GBd, 1537.4 nm

(BER

)

1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570-70

-60

Pow

Wavelength [nm]

320 GBd OTDM (QPSK)

-60 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 456,5

7,0

7,5

8,0

,

OSN

R [d

B]

Time [ps]

0.7 dB

4 6 8 10 12 14765

4

3

-log

OSNR [dB] Time [ps]OSNR [dB]

16QAM:

2

1

B2B NRZ-16QAM, 1533.7 nm B2B NRZ-16QAM, 1558 nm B2B RZ-16QAM, 1558 nm 160 GBd -> 10 GBd, 1530.4 nm 320 GBd -> 10 GBd, 1530.4 nm Serial-to-parallel time lens:

4

3

2

3.8E-3

-log(

BE

R) Transparent to mod. format

Transparent to symbol rate Polarisation indep possible


12 14 16 18 20 226

5160 GBd, OSNR = 19 dB

OSNR [dB]

Polarisation indep. possible Wavelength preserving possible

Optical time lens for OFDM

All optical OFDM demultiplexing: G

Is it possible to convert OFDM

All-optical OFDM demultiplexing:

Most work has focused on optical Discrete Fourier transformation (DFT)

Up to 26 Tbit/s OFDM demultiplexing achieved using DFT*

OFDM-DWDM AW

G directly to WDM? Enable use of standard WDM

receiversHowever, optical DFT requires phase-stabilisation of optical paths, and an optical gate per subcarrier – complexity increases with # subcarriers

receivers


E.g.: M. Marhic, Opt. Lett. 12, 63 (1987); Sanjoh et al., OFC 2002, paper ThD1; Takiguchi et al., Elec. Lett. 46, 575 (2010); A. Lowery, Opt. Express 18, 14129 (2010); *D. Hillerkuss et al., Nat. Phot. 5, 364 (2011)

Two FWM time lenses ~”spectral telescope”: principle

t

s

D2

1, p (FWM)Ts

Ts/2

D2

D1

ii


Dispersion:

1)– 2) (1 – 2) LFWMi=2p – s

“Spectral telescope”: 50-100 GHz WDM grid converison

HNLF

WDM+Pump1 Pump2

x

500 m

S

FWM

idF SM

Fi /D

CF

i

WDM out

dler

1

FWM

idle

Double lens system ~ spectral telescope

E. Palushani, OECC 2013 er

2

-40

-30Pump 10 GHzFirst FWM stage Second FWM stage

-30

-20

telescope

70

-60

-50

Pow

er [d

Bm

]

16 WDM channels50 GHZ grid

Idler first converter-60

-50

-40

Pow

er [d

Bm

]

50 GHz 100 GHz

21/10/[email protected] 13DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570 1575 1580

-80

-70

Wavelength [nm]

Idler first converter

1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570 1575 1580-80

-70

Wavelength [nm]

Tuneable spacing

Spectral magnification of OFDM signal

time time time

time timetime

wa

time lens 1

time lens 2

avelength(

)

OFDM ”Nyquist-OTDM” OFDM x4 WDM Rx


OFDM subcarrier demultiplexing using bandpass filtering ?Attempting to extract a single subcarrier by bandpass filtering (BPF) :

OFDM spectrum BPF Magnified OFDM spectrum

• HIGH cross-talk (XT) from neighbour subcarriers through BPFNB Mi i BPF

• LESS cross-talk from neighbour subcarriers after magnification

• NB: Minimum BPF bandwidth limited by intersymbol interference


Spectral OFDM magnification enables OFDM demultiplexing using optical bandpass filtering – standard WDM Rx

Simulation example: OFDM spectral magnification 4

Filtering a single subcarrier with a BPF after the magnification:Showing DQPSK eye-diagram (delay-demodulation + direct detection):

• Spectral magnification + bandpass filtering:

1 22D1DBPF

1 22D1D15 GHz(opt)

• Comparison with band-pass filtering only:

BPF

pass filtering only:

8 GHz(opt)


Spectral magnification enables strongly reduced XT after BPF

Spectra after the FWM-based time-lenses

1 22D1D

-30

-20 Pump110 GHz

OFDM signal12 5 GHz spacing -30

-20 Pump2 - 10 GHz

signal from ti l 1generated idler 2:

-50

-40

30

generated idler 1

er [d

Bm]

12.5 GHz spacing

-50

-40

30 time-lens 1(idler 1)

er [d

Bm]

generated idler 2:MagnifiedOFDM signal50 GHz spacing

-70

-60Pow

e

-70

-60Pow

e

1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570 1575 1580-80

Wavelength [nm]1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570 1575 1580

-80

Wavelength [nm]

• Parabolic phase-modulation is achieved by FWM with a chirped pump pulse


• After the two time-lenses, a 4-times spectral magnification is observed

Sensitivities, before and after magnification

-40 after magnification x4Sensitivities of the 10 subcarriers (Prec at 10-9) OFDM Spectrum

35-34-33(c)

Sensitivities: B2B Magnified

]

-60

-50

wer

[dBm

]

40-39-38-37-36-35

nsiti

vity

[dBm

1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554

-80

-70Pow

Wavelength [nm]

odd channels even channels-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

-42-41-40

Subcarrier ID

Sen

10 Gbit/s DPSK reference (B2B, filtered, odd only)

Effect of magnification 4 on sensitivities:• Improvement from 0.9 to 4.1 dB for the 8 center subcarriers.• Penalties of 5.6 dB and 2.1 dB for the 2 outmost subcarriers

(due to time-lens aberrations observable on magnified spectrum)

Wavelength [nm]

(due to time-lens aberrations, observable on magnified spectrum)

Experiment confirms the proposal for OFDM demultiplexing:Spectral magnification before filtering enables


Spectral magnification before filtering enablesstrongly reduced cross-talk between subcarriers

Time-lens enabled WDM optical signal processing

DWDM tSerial Transmitted DWDM data signals

DWDM regenerator

DWDM‐to‐OTDM

OSP of serial signal

Serial

OSP’ed DWDM data signals

OTDM‐to‐DWDM

OSP of WDM signals possible with time lenses


OSP of WDM signals possible with time lenses

Terabit Ethernet Packet Multiplexing using a time lens

SOCRATESProject: Serial Optical Communications forAdvanced Terabit Ethernet Systems

1.29 Tbit/s

SERIAL data generation by SERIAL data generation by synchronising and

multiplexing a 10 Gbit/s Ethernet packet with a 1.28

Tbit/s OTDM signal

21/10/[email protected] 20DTU Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark1: H. Hu et al, Optics Express, 8th December 2010 Vol. 19 No. 26

Tbit/s OTDM signal

Ultra-broad FWM bandwidth in silicon nanowires

20

-10 1530nm 1550nm1570nmy

(dB

)

H. Hu, el., Opt. Express 19, 19886 (2011)

-30

-20 1570nm 1580nm 1590nm

effic

ienc

y

M. Pu, el., IEEE PTL, 23, 1409 (2011)

1520 1560 1600-50

-40

FWM

1520 1560 1600Signal wavelength (nm)

Width = 450 nm

Optimised bandwidth with 2 and 4 matching

Width = 450 nm

Height = 240 nm

λp = 1550 nm


4 phase matching

Opical signal processing of Tbit/s in nonlinear waveguides

640 Gbit/s: J.Xu et al,

OECC postdeadline

H. Hu et al, OFC 2011, Postdeadline paper, PDPA8640 Gbit/s wavelength conversion in a silicon nanowire

All 64 OTDM tributariessimultaneously

Broadband applications

Ult hi h d

H Ji l OFC 2010 d dli PDP C7

ppaper, 2008

1.28 Tbit/s: T.D. Vo et al,

OFC 2010 postdeadline paper, 2010

chalcogenide

processed with BER < 10-4

~ world’s fastest serial silicon chip

Ultra-high-speed resolution

H.Ji et al, OFC 2010 postdeadline paper, PDP C7

7654

3

2 1.28 Tbit/s to 10 Gbit/s

demux 10-to-10 Gbit/s demux785 fs785 fs

10

20

30

mpl

itude

[a.u

.]

Si sampling system450 nm

300 nm

450 nm

300 nm

Commercial state-of-the-artsampling oscilloscope

785 fs785 fs

10

20

30

mpl

itude

[a.u

.]

785 fs785 fs

10

20

30

mpl

itude

[a.u

.]

10

20

30

mpl

itude

[a.u

.]

Si sampling system450 nm

300 nm

450 nm

300 nm

Commercial state-of-the-artsampling oscilloscope

L.K. Oxenløwe et al, OFC 2008, PDP22 640 Gbit/s clock recoery using a PPLN

-40 -36 -32 -28 -24 -20121110987

Receiver Power [dBm]

6.7 dB

0.785 1.57 2.355 3.14 3.925 4.71 5.495 6.28

time [ps]

0.785 1.57 2.355 3.14 3.925 4.71 5.495 6.28

time [ps]

0 1 2 3 4 5 60

am

time [ps]

0.785 1.57 2.355 3.14 3.925 4.71 5.495 6.28

time [ps]

0.785 1.57 2.355 3.14 3.925 4.71 5.495 6.28

time [ps]

0 1 2 3 4 5 60

am

time [ps]

0.785 1.57 2.355 3.14 3.925 4.71 5.495 6.28

time [ps]

0.785 1.57 2.355 3.14 3.925 4.71 5.495 6.28

time [ps]

0 1 2 3 4 5 60

am

time [ps]

0 1 2 3 4 5 60

am

time [ps]

Pic courtesy M. Pu

silicon nanowire

H.C.H. Mulvad et al, ECOC 2011, postdeadline paper PDP Th.13.A.2 SFG light

30 mm

SFG lightSFG light

30 mmPPLN

Time-domain optical Fourier transformation ( )

, , p p p

OFT

Pump

123

Data

Si

spec

tralD

D/2

640 Gbit/s serial-to-parallel conversion (OTDM-to-WDM conversion)

-50

-40

-30

-20

idler:25 GHz DWDM

10 GHz pump

wer

[dBm

]

640 Gbit/sOTDM (OOK)

(a)


10 GHz clock

loop filter

VCO

PD

TMLL

SFG

13 nm

PPLN

clock recovery

compress

att.

640 Gbit/s

PPLN(OFT) using Si nanowire or HNLF

64

time1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590

-80

-70

-6025 GHz DWDM

Pow

Wavelength [nm]

OTDM-WDM

Summary • Optical time lenses very versatile:

bridging between time and frequency domains

• Exploit WDM Rx: Conversion to WDM - from OTDM (RZ/Nyquist, 1.28 Tbaud, 16 QAM, -preserving,

polarisation independent)- from OFDM (12.5 GHz to 50 GHz)

• Time lenses offer power efficiency

• Future: need efficient nonlinear medium (ultra-fast ultra-• Future: need efficient nonlinear medium (ultra-fast, ultra-broadband - Maybe photonic wires? Si but without TPA – Si-PIN, a-Si, SiN? ChG but without photo darkening? Other… p g

OFS Fitel Denmark for HNLFOFS Fitel DenmarkOFS Fitel Denmark for HNLF

Acknowledgements:

Denmark for HNLF


SOCRATESDanish National Research Council: TOR, NESTOR projects

Multi-mode grating couplerOutput from the grating

Output from the FMF at 1520nm

SM2000

CH2 inputCH2 inputY. Ding et al., IPC (2012) ThB4

6 mode multiplexer using grating couplers6-mode multiplexer using grating couplersThe 2 LP01 modes and 4 LP11

modes are successfully generated.


Y. Ding, C. Peucheret et al

Space-multiplexing: multi-core H. Takara et al, ECOC 2012, PDPTh3.C.1

1.01 Pbit/s multi-core transmissionBest Student Paper, OECC 2013

Feihong Ye et al, Paper WR2-3

Ch60 Core1 sc‐610

9

8tor

(dB

)

core1 core2 core3 core4 core5 core6 core7 core8 core9 core10 core11 core12

X-pol.

Ch60, Core1,sc 6

Non-identical-refractive index 8

7

6

Q-fa

ct

Y-pol.

FEC threshold : 6.75 dB

Non identical refractive index cores with hole-assisted double cladding structure (clad/core-diameters 220/9 um) yields up to 93 cores


6162016001580156015401520

Wavelength (nm)

Q-factors of all 222 channels for 12 cores were better than Q-limit. NTT in collaboration with DTU FTNK (Morioka)

um) yields up to 93 cores

Parametric amplification/applications

Ps = -10 dBmPs = 0 dBmm

)

pumpFlat top PSAConventional PSA

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

30

6090

120

150

180 0

Ps = +4 dBm Ps = +6 dBm

ut p

ower

(dB

m

signal 0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

30

6090

120

150

210

240270

300

330

mean value of randn() = 0.00015312narrow top

1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600

Out

p

Wavelength (nm)

10dB

converted signal

signal

210

240270

300

330

180 0

mean value of randn() = 0.00015312flat top

Wavelength (nm)

Optimisation of phase-sensitive regenerators by dispersion engineering

Parametric amplification of 640 Gbit/s data

N. Kang et al, CLEO 2012 Z. Lali-Dastjerdi et al, OFC 2013

Recent:

Par.Regen. 640 Gbit/s – see ECOC 2013, Z- Lali-Dastjerdi et al

Parametric amplification of 16QAM signals

Z. Lali Dastjerdi et al, OFC 2013PSA in silicon – see ECOC 2013, F. Da Ros et al


F. Da Ros et al, ECOC 2012

1.28 Tbaud serial with advanced modulation: DQPSK to 16QAMMulti-level +

Pol-MUX

0,20,40,60,8

1.28 Tbaud data:410 f FWHM

pow

er [a

.u.]

10 GHz ctrl: 440 fs

1.28 Tbit/s OOK

optical wave: Ac*cos(ct + )

modulate

0 2 4 6 8 10 120,0,

410 fs FWHM

SFG

Time [ps]

10 GHz ctrl: 440 fs

10.2 Tbit/s 16QAM on 1.28 Tbaud6.25 ps

H.C.H. Mulvad et al, PHO Annual 2009, Postdeadline paper PD 1.2

5.1 Tbit/s DQPSK on 1.28 Tbaud T. Richter, E. Palushani et al, OFC 2011, postdeadline paper PDPA9

/ Q

4

3

/ 5.1 Tbit/s (pol-mux, pol1)

/ 5.1 Tbit/s (pol-mux, pol2)

/ 10 Gbaud ref.

87

6

5

-log

(BE

R)


-44 -42 -40 -38 -36 -34 -32 -30 -28 -26 -2410

9

Received power [dBm]

Optical switching of 640 Gbit/s serial data packet

LiNbO3

640 Gbit/s Ctrl 1

Ctrl 2640 Gbit/s packets

Pilot tone added to sync

Ctrl 3Ctrl 4

port 1port 2


2 lables added in-band

90 ns _ 60 ns

port 3port 4

Time lens: Wavelength preserving OTDMWDM conversion

H 160 Gbit/ i l t ll l i

1. Michael Galili et al, OFC’2013


Here: 160 Gbit/s serial-to-parallel conversion

2x spectral magnification by OFT using FWM -i l tisimulations

Hz] z]

quen

cy [

TH

quen

cy [

THz

fre

time [ps]0 100

freq

time [ps]0 1001 25

THz

20 ps

THz]

1 2

eque

ncy

[T

D1 D2


fre

time [ps]0 100 time [ps]0 100 time [ps]0 100

Opppptical time lens applications for ultra-fast optical ...€¦ · All optical OFDM...

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Transcript of Opppptical time lens applications for ultra-fast optical ...€¦ · All optical OFDM...