Opportuni)es,on,NIFas,a,User,Facility, · LLNL-PRES-XXXXXX This work was performed under the...
20
LLNL-PRES-XXXXXX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC Opportuni)es on NIF as a User Facility Fusion Power Associates Mee1ng Mark Herrmann NIF Director Thanks to the NIF team December 16, 2015
Transcript of Opportuni)es,on,NIFas,a,User,Facility, · LLNL-PRES-XXXXXX This work was performed under the...
LLNL-PRES-XXXXXX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC
Opportuni)es on NIF as a User Facility
Fusion Power Associates Mee1ng
Mark Herrmann NIF Director
Thanks to the NIF team December 16, 2015
2 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
§ Amazing capabili1es have been developed over the past decade to perform fascina1ng science on the boundary of what is possible.
§ HED Scien1sts are exploi1ng these capabili1es and delivering fabulous science. The work is being well received by the broader scien1fic community.
§ “Discovery Science” 1me on NIF is allocated via a compe11ve process and plays an important role in enabling innova1on and addressing the most fundamental ques1ons facing the field of high energy density science
§ Diagnos1cs also provide an important avenue for users to collaborate on NIF. The Advanced Radiographic Capability is now opera1onal on NIF and opens up mul1ple opportuni1es to study high energy density science.
It’s an exci)ng )me in the field of High Energy Density Science and on the Na)onal Igni)on Facility
3 Option:UCRL#!
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
A number of studies of high energy density science were performed in the “2000’s”
Decadal survey in Astronomy & Astrophysics
DOE National Research Council
Office of the President
National Academy
National Academy
BES, OFES
BASIC RESEARCH DIRECTIONSfor User Science at the National Ignition Facility
Report on the National Nuclear Security Administration – Office of Science Workshop on Basic Research Directions on User Science at the National Ignition Facility
DOE & NNSA
2011
4 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
At the same time, significant construction and upgrades were being performed on world class capabilities for creating and studying high energy density science
Omega and Omega EP Laser Facilities
Z Pulsed Power Facility National Ignition
Facility
T. C. SangsterUniversity of RochesterLaboratory for Laser Energetics
NIF Town Hall56th Annual Meeting of theAmerican Physical SocietyDivision of Plasma Physics
New Orleans, LA27–31 October 2014
Progress and Plans for Polar-Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion from OMEGA
to the National Ignition Facility
… and LPI/symmetry on the NIFCryogenic DT implosions on OMEGA
LCLS
5 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
HED scien)sts are exploi)ng these capabili)es to push the scien)fic boundaries
6 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
0"
10"
20"
30"
40"
50"
60"
70"
#"Ar%cles"
Calendar"Year"
HED"Science"High6Impact"Ar%cles"by"Ins%tu%on"
LLNL"Univ"Rochester"Osaka"Univ"RAL"LANL"Ecole"Polytechnique"MPQ,"Garching"Univ"Michigan"SLAC"SNL"Other"Review"Theory"
Impact factor > 10, e.g. Nature, Science, etc., does not include PRL’s Courtesy of Rulon Lindford )
The HED Science community is delivering on the promise that was iden)fied in the 2000’s
7 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
Target shots by quarter and shot rate § We increased the number of experiments from 191 in FY14 to 356 in FY15 with fixed funding
§ More experiments enable a faster rate of learning, more explora1on, and more users on the facility
§ User sa1sfac1on has remained high (>90%) as the number of shots has increased
§ We have brought several new diagnos1cs on line and deployed new experimental capabili1es enabling new measurements
§ Number of publica1ons per year with NIF data is rapidly increasing
We are significantly increasing the scien)fic produc)vity of the NIF
8 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
Planar ablation front Rayleigh-Taylor growth
Molecular cloud radiative dynamics
Collisionless astrophysical shocks
Supernova explosion rad. hydrodynamics
C, Fe EOS at planetary interior pressures
High pressure phases of carbon
High pressure hydrogen properties
CH and carbon at near Gbar pressures
Pressure (Mbar)
Tem
pera
ture
(K)
NIF allocates a small fraction (~8%) of the facility’s time to “Discovery Science”
Duffy (Princeton), Jeanloz (UCB) Wark (Oxford) Jeanloz (UCB), Hemley (CIW) Falcone (UCB), Neumayer (GSI)
Casner (CEA) Kane (LLNL), Pound (Maryland) Kuranz, Drake (Mich) Sakawa (Osaka), Takabe (HZDR)
Discovery Science had 44 target shots in FY15 versus 26 DS shots total in FY10-FY14
Hydrogen phase diagram
9 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
The EOS of carbon and iron were studied under ramp compression § Diamond ramp-‐compressed
to 50 Mbar
“Ramp compression of diamond to five terapascals”, R. F. Smith, R. Jeanloz, T.S. Duffy et al., Nature 511, 330 (2014)
Density (g/cm3)
Stress (T
Pa)
C L (km/s)
Ufs (km/s) 1000
800
600
400
200
0
Pres
sure
(GP
a)
18161412108Density (g/cm3
)
NIF
data
Static data: 300 K (Dewaele)Fe Hugoniot:
EXAFS (Ping) Ramp Compression:
Diffraction (Coppari) EXAFS (Ping)
Preliminary analysis
Hug
onio
t
VISA
R
Iron ramp-‐compressed to 4X the pressure of the earth’s core ~15 Mbar
10 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
The EOS of CH at near-‐Gbar pressures is measured using a spherically converging shock
NIF data suggests that carbon K-‐shell ioniza1on starts at ~60 Mbar (Te ~ 35 eV)
Absolute shock Hugoniot measurements of plas1c equa1on of state
*
Omega laser
Gekko
Nova NIF
Purgatorio*
Thomas-‐ Fermi
Pressure (G
bar
Compression
[Courtesy of Tilo Doeppner, Roger Falcone, Paul Neumayer] Goal: n
e~10
25/cm
3 , P s
hk~ 1 Gb
ar in Be
1st shock
2nd shock
3rd shock
4th rise
Electron temperature (eV)
Max electron de
nsity
(1/cc)
1023
1025
1024
101 10-‐1 100 102
2
5
2
5
Omega expts Fletcher PRL 2014 Kritcher PRL 2011
Convergence
NIF post-‐shot simula1on of N150330-‐001
N150330
N150621
N150915
8000 8200 8400 8600 8800 9000 9200
photon energy [eV]
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
scattering in
tensi
ty [arb
. units
]
Experiment
Te= 41.2 eV
ZC
= 4.67
ρ= 12.8 g/cm3
ne= 3.4e+24 cm-3
free-freebound-freeelastic
Pthm~ Pdeg , Ptot~400 Mbar
Inelas1c scapering
Elas1c
scap
ering
Photon energy (eV)
Scap
ering intensity (au)
8000
0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1
9200 8800 8400
11 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
Non-‐linear radia)ve hydrodynamics for abla)on front RT, scaled supernova RT, and molecular cloud dynamics are being measured on NIF
l = 150mm, 10x ini1al, l = 50mm
9.5 ns
12.6 ns
15.5 ns
18.8ns
11.5 ns 15.5 ns
CHI
CHGe
[D.A. Mar1nez et al (2015)]
Amplitu
de (O
D)
Distance (um)
Abla1on front RT
[J.O. Kane, D.A. Mar1nez]
[A. Miles, Ap.J. 696, 498 (2009)] [C. Kuranz]
Supernova RT (self-‐generated radia1on)
Eagle (externally-‐generated radia1on)
12 Option:UCRL#!
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory X-ray brightening from self-emission of hot plasmas
N140729 CD foil
CD foil
N141021 Proton TOF
Time at detector (ns)
Sign
al
X-ray streak
Experiments with CD-CD targets observed x-rays, neutrons and protons from the central shock-forming region
Space (mm)
Tim
e (n
s)
shock
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in universe; Weibel instabilities can generate magnetic fields to form these shocks
Nonrelativistic shocks (e.g. SNRs)
12
X-ray brightening from self-emission of hot plasmas
CD foil
Time at detector (ns) Space (mm)
Shock front
30 LY
The collisionless shock collaboration on NIF shows how large, diverse collaborations can arise to work on these fascinating problems
[Courtesy of Hye-‐Sook Park (2015); C.M. Hun1ngton, Nat. Phys. (2015)]
[J.S. Ross, invited talk, Mon. pm, CM9.002]
13 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
Collisionless astrophysical shocks
Turbulent dynamo B field amplification
Direct-drive hydrodynamics
Stellar and Big Bang nucleosynthesis
Charged particle stopping powers
Asymptotic self-similar instabilities
Iron melt curve, magnetospheres, and habitable Super Earths
Metastability of dynamically compressed C
Pressure ionization at extreme densities
Proton radiograph
X-ray radiograph
Image of M51
We are star)ng nine new NIF-‐DS experiments in FY16; first shots in Q1 (Dec.)
Wark (Oxford) Hemley (CIW), Stewart (UCD) Neumayer(GSI), Falcone(UCB) Casner(CEA), Shvarts(Israel), Drake(Mich)
Zylstra (LANL), C.K.Li (MIT) Gatu-Johnson (MIT) Gregori (Oxford), Lamb (Chicago) Sakawa(Osaka), Spitkovsky(Princeton)
Tim
e(ns
)
Radius (µm)
Photon energy (eV) 8200 8600 9000
Scat
tere
d in
tens
ity
0 100 200 300 400 0
2
4
14 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
Iron melt curve, magnetospheres, and habitable exoplanets
Mg at extreme densities
Asymptotic self-similar instabilities
A total of 22 DS proposals were received for the FY17-‐18 DS round. All were of very high quality; below are the 8 approved proposals.
Berzak-‐Hopkins, LLNL: nuclear reac)ons in plasma
McMahon U. Edinburgh: Mg electrides
Fox, Princeton: Magne)c reconnec)on
Pollock, LLNL: laser-‐driven B field genera)on
Chen, LLNL: hot e-‐, e+ in ARC driven samples
Hemley, CIW: TarDIS_FeMelt
Shvarts, NRNC/U. Michigan: nonlinear hydro
Pound, U Maryland: Eagle Nebula
Molecular cloud radiative dynamics
15 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
LLE logo
NIF x-‐ray spectrometer (NXS) VIRGIL
DIXI Magne1c proton 1me of flight (M-‐pTOF)
16 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
Several transforma)ve diagnos)c capabili)es will be developed over the next several years for NIF, Omega, and Z as part of the Na)onal Diagnos)cs Ini)a)ve
Transforma1ve diagnos1c Ins1tu1ons New capability-‐program
Single LOS imaging (h-‐CMOS, dila1on)
SNL,GA, LLNL,LLE, AWE
Many measurements on one shot for all missions. Short ga1ng capability for implosions measure shape change during the stagna1on process.
Op1cal Thomson Scapering (OTS) LLE, LLNL, LANL, NRL
Hohlraum ne, Te, Ti, Z-‐All: Radia1on channel flow: discovery science
3D n/gamma imaging (NIS) LANL, LLNL 3D shape of burn
Gamma spectroscopy (GCD) LANL, AWE, GA,LLNL Burn dura1on, mix
Time resolved n spectrum (MRS-‐t) MIT LLNL, GA, LLE Alpha hea1ng diagnos1c -‐ burn
Hi Res. X-‐ray spect. ( HiRes) LLNL,LLE,PPL, NSTec, SNL
T warm compressed hi Z-‐strength: density of burning plasmas
Hard x-‐ray imaging (Wolter) SNL, LLNL
Higher areal density backligh1ng for strength, complex hydro. Time & space resolved T of burning plasmas.
Time resolved diffrac1on TARDIS-‐t SNL, LLNL Material phase change versus 1me for strength & discovery science
17 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
The Advanced Radiographic Capability is now online for program use with its ini)al 30 ps, ~ 4 kJ capability
Laser energy (kJ) 5 10 20 15
0
2
0
Lase
r Pow
er (P
W) 4
3
1
4 beamlets
1
2 5 10 30 50 ps
ARC entering the NIF chamber
18 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
§ Amazing capabili1es have been developed over the past decade to perform fascina1ng science on the boundary of what is possible.
§ HED Scien1sts are exploi1ng these capabili1es and delivering fabulous science. The work is being well received by the broader scien1fic community.
§ “Discovery Science” 1me on NIF is allocated via a compe11ve process and plays an important role in enabling innova1on and addressing the most fundamental ques1ons facing the field of high energy density science
§ Diagnos1cs also provide an important avenue for users to collaborate on NIF. The Advanced Radiographic Capability is now opera1onal on NIF and opens up mul1ple opportuni1es to study high energy density science.
It’s an exci)ng )me in the field of High Energy Density Science and on the Na)onal Igni)on Facility
19 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
20 P1959268.ppt – M. Herrmann – MAC – November 05, 2015
Discovery Science Technical Review met in October 2015 to rank proposal for )me in FY17
Dr. Riccardo Betti
Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Univ. of Rochester
Dr. Richard Firestone Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Prof. Nathaniel Fisch Princeton University
Dr. Siegried Glenzer SLAC
Dr. Denise Hinkel Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Prof. Karl Krushelnick University of Michigan
Dr. Ramon Leeper Los Alamos National Laboratory
Dr. Mordy Rosen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Dr. John Sarrao (Chair) Los Alamos National Laboratory
Prof. Sarah Stewart U.C. Davis
• 34 Abstracts were received in July 2015.
• 22 full proposals were reviewed in October by the DS TRC committee
• 8 proposals were accepted for a total of 18 shot days.
