Opium
Transcript of Opium
OPIUM PAPAVER SOMNIFERUMOpium is the dried juice of papaver
somniferum ripe and dry poppy capsule – trace of opium – used as sedative.
Poppy seeds (Khas Khas) harmless.
PROPERTIES Smells like raw flesh. Taste bitter when fresh plastic &
moist internally on keeping becomes hard, brittle &
dark brown.Active Principle Two groups of alkaloids1. Phenanthrene group2. Isoquinoline group
ALKALIODS OF OPIUM Phenanthrene group1. Morphine 9-14 %2. Codeine 2- 4 %3. Thebaine 0.5 % used in analgesic, euphoriants, anti
tussives anti diarrheal. Isoquinoline group1. Papaverine 1 %2. Narcotine 6 %
Opium• Fluid obtained from the poppy plant
• Opiate• a substance derived from opium
• Opioid• substance with morphine-like actions, but not derived
directly from the poppy plants
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION1. Oral2. Parental ( IV or
hypodermic)3. Inhalation ( smoked )4. Tropical5. Through orifices
ABSORPTION & EXCRETION Absorbed through GIT excreted in stomach, intestine, bile &
milk eliminated mainly as morphine in urine
& faeces it is excreted in the stomach & small
intestine even after parental use.
MODE OF ACTIONActs as agonists on different opiate receptors
sitesin CNS . There are 3 sub species of opiate receptors e.g Kappa,(OP2) Sigma Delta(OP1)It acts by depression of cortexRespiration and cough centers are stimulated Vagal reflex and vomiting is stimulated
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS 1. STAGE OF EXCITEMENT ( may be absent if a large dose is taken ) Euphoric feeling of well being Restlessness and hallucination Increased pulse rate Flushing of face In children convulsions may occur
2. STAGE OF STUPOR Headache Nausea Vomiting Uncontrollable desire to sleep Pupils contracted Cyanosis Itching sensation Pulse respiration normal
3. STAGE OF NARCOSIS Patient is in deep coma Muscles relaxed and reflexes lost Secretions are suspended except of skin Blood pressure falls pulse is week and slow Cheyne – stroke breathing (R. rate 2-4/m) Lower jaw drops Pin point pupils Bladder distended
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Apoplexy (Pontine hemorrhage) Metabolic conditiona. uraemic coma Barbiturate poisoning Alcoholic coma Hysterical coma Epileptic coma Carbolic acid poisoning
FATAL DOSE Crude Opium 1-2 gramsMorphine 200-400
mgTincture 8-16 mlIn children 1-3 drops
FATAL PERIOD6-12 hours in extreme case 45 minutes
TREATMENT Gastric lavageFirst with warm water then with potassium
permagnate or tannic acid Magnesium sulphate 15 grams as enemaOxygen in halation ANTITODENaloxone hydrochloride is antidote for opiate
poisoning .01 - .02mg /kg / body weight i.v
Nalorphine hydrochloride 10 mg i.v
(total of 40 mg can be given) rest of the treatment is symptomatic Post Mortem Appearance External Specific smell Deep cyanosis Pin point Pupils Froth Well marked lividity
Internal Smell of opium (musty) Marked venous congestion Blood is dark & fluid. Stomach congested may
contain black particles of opium. Bladder full of urine
MEDICO LEGAL ASPECTS Suicidal Accidental Homicidal (rare) but used for
infanticide Cattle poisoning Drug addiction
MANY PRODUCTS, MARKETED FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN, WERE SOLD FOR PAIN AND COUGH RELIEF. THEY ALL CONTAINED OPIUM.
PROLONGED USE OF OPIUM{MORPHINISM} In young adults Can tolerate up to 3 _6 gm per day Effects are Multiple scar mark Dry skin mouth tongue and hair Nausea vomiting Depression hallucination Dementia anorexia