Opinion of the U.S. Attorney General Cushing

8/17/2019 Opinion of the U.S. Attorney General Cushing

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OPINION

or

THE ATORNY GRL

CNOIUS

BRITISH ECUITMNT

I TRJ

UNITED SA'fE.

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OPINO

OF

THE ATTORNY GEL

ER!l

BRITSH ECUIMN

Il THE

UNITED STA'fES.

0

WABGTON:

A. O. p, NICHOLSON PUB PNTER

1856.

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EXUTIV MANSON,Washington, Augus 6, 1855.

The reports of he distrc atoreys of he souther distric

of New York and he easter dstc o Penslvana, o

h subjec of he levy of oops he Ued Sates by

ocial or other ages o Grea Brai are reured hee

o he Atorny General, ad s opo s rqireupo qesio, eer or o he acts reored ae

iolaio he muncpal law ad o e aioal so-

erity ad eualy ; ad especay upo te quesio

ha egal resposibty any, hse acs devolve o he

Brish miie ad Bsh coss.

FRANKLI PEC.

t·"/,j/\1

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OPINI.

ATRNY GE'S OFFIC,

.ugust 9, 1855.

Sm: I have the honor to subi herewh the co-

iderations of la applicble to te enlist o trophi the Uie State by he Bish goeret, so r s the c apprg ocuet beree concern te perona acio either of the sinser or o he Bish cosul i the ats.

Tere o roo r dout s to th 1a regarthe gena questo

e rs ace th c of Coges of Apr 20th,8 cont the llowng proiso:

"E 2 . be itfurthe enaced, Tha f a perso sha whi te terriory or jriscto of thete ae ens or etr hse or hre or

ea anoher perso to enl or eter his or o

go beyon the i or jricio of the teaes w ie o be enlt or etere nto teservice o ay reg princ sate coony src oreople as a soer r a arne or sea o boarof y vese of r eter of arque or preer,ery perso s oed sh b eee guily of sdeeano a shl e ot excedi

oe tousa os prsoe o ecedigree yars (ii at Lare p 4)Of course a th ley of troops hi the ie

te r re erce rbe by a osuch rgh h, y your erissio bee ge oG Br To he cory of s, te Brits

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governme w pressy noied, b eter of Mr.

Mac o Mr Crmpto of Apr 28th, 1854, h lstmes he Ue Stes oul e permeeher to Gre Br or o Rss (Ex Doc, ssson 33 Cogress, vo x, No 03, p 5)

I e seco pce epeel of he cpeton of e cts queso, he coste,eter he be cts o he Brts overment or

of s ser n cosus, volon of h sov-rg of the etr ghts o the Ute es

The rle o pc l s eqvocl on s po, s corec stte, os, Wol:

"c he rh o rs sos s h ojs, h mst no e vote b rennon, s o peme o rse soers on errtor hot te coset of s soeeg JGetium, s 7)

B V te " s r co crre o ouoers, t s eve , oeer as he rh okg , lso nrl tt o rg roopsT ter, herefore eos ese o t sovereg,

o o preroves of es VtelDro d Gens v 3 c , s 7)* * * * * *

"s e rht o evng sers beogs oe oe non or e overe no perso us ttemp s soer n re cour to pemon o ovre; an even tt peso,

no vors r o ense; r e evco er co s o o qeson her, ooeren r o gv or se s jc oote

"Woever uertes o s soers forncn v' perso n n

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geeral, whoever entices aay the subjecs of ao

tate, violates one of te most sacred rits prince a the at. Tis crime is distiuse y e ame o ka or a-steain d s uished wi te ut severiy every welrueae Fren recters a ad whou mey wit reat stic s ot resed a teovere hs orered the t coi a crie; ausi even at 1ey ha received sc a rder ey o ot t have ee it eir sereiavi rht to comnd wa is contar t te awf ar" * * * ' B aears tha hecte order sc a rceedi a ren sovri is justy consdered as an jury, ad s a sucietaus r dcli war aainst hi uess maessuae rparat" (Ii s 5)

Kle: A stat ee neutral as the rtto exact eve y rce, i csa tha elliertpoes do o use neta terior r te puroses ofar ha e a� o ereo mnon o war,an rois a ter iedat requiremes f

ar, r thr aies that they do not mk the ailr peaa, eolents o colect of oo; ha no of teir troos aed r armd, pthrouh, &c, &c hat te eercise ter o act ofostilt ainst the rsons or roey of te sjectsof the ostile stae at hey d o occupy t mi

arl r e t t teatre o war" Dro G

odee < l' Euoe s 285y G F de Mrtes: Wilst ce f rutr

ee to atos, eura state preseres t omet of ts teritria rhts, i ca i e bec tres roii u t war s in tie f eace

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ay passage or sojou f r toos, nd mch

ore rbi e occaio o is rress the rcu-ing, sterg a exercs toops; a t ay seorce agais ose wo sal ae o volate e pro-iio." (Pc d Do· G s 350)

B Gaiai: A oerets are accsome ori er ca eay

1ay eiger to make

ary eaees or rcu wit t t

og wic e o o ore ta o ssa ae a aal rt a oe ere i every soereigy * *

Te eutral soereg, o eaves s sbjecs aery to eage esees i te serice o a regbegeret o terei be wat is etis prove i as bee custoy it is ao; as bee s i tie o eace; i i accorsi e sic a oica coiio o e coyi e e racices ierece a iariy,ot eyig to oe bgere wa e cocee to teor a sovereg s ot bee accsoe too sbjecs o es i e iliary or v serice o oer gores i ay e e oueeher e ay, r e rs ie, o i o te occrrece o war ewe to saes, ec o ic is imy i i I a o peare o sa tat i soin e gis qaiy o aaae aciiies bo ere g e ieaiy i e ee o tegeres r peras o of m, si om

c o , oul iv a o ucco om uc pso hi to oth i oub s a uos. I my oio, terre,this queo os wi e geer rue o esseiea ies t is, to oie e aerior codiio, beg aw o ersevre at bee

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ul bu unawl innove (D Doveri '

Pncpi Neuta� . 25, 327 9.)By Hateile : "e duies of elens ma bmmed up n ry word. he elgerent uhto bsain o e empoment o sc inirecteans o molest s eemy in te accpishmenf her objec, wud st jriously ect a raion. e ogt to resc, in the ms cpete an

bsote mner, the inedene d seregn faions t ece; i a wor he ght o rea them inhe sae manne s f he most pou peace cnied o preval se no i c e at peaceit i, lin rcy heir es f neat;ey he the rg to eoy e dte heirsiion an o e exet o al e eis ar

he d o he belerent i o n o e i-nement o his rit. h nr terioy ouo be e ce a iolble b natons t arese s ogh no n any prete or in an man-e o mke ue o sc terior o bsre heirrposes hosliie, directly r idretly. The p-sage o rmed troops, e leyig of S(dies, &c. &c

ithot he conen o the overeg, od consitten oence ai te soereign o he netr d aioatio of the dty o he begeren Do eevos Naos eues om i, 31, 13)

"A o he erriory o netra natons, e ccurrecef hostiii makes no cha nr oicaion of hr hey remin nolabe in tie of eaeTer territry ought, the to be eer alenerprse o the belerents o aever ae eymay b Te cosequences f war ut eer o b b hem decly ha is o sy, o ct o hoiso comtte aains the nder ay rete

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"Begerent naions, ths respec, ave nly

rhs e sessed time f ea beuse wanever juusl es nis a ae. Begann he i a e ihut e essn f tveegn, se neutal er, I n sa e,r te eans ar; ut een ke usef i n advnage tee, e ejude the ene Ths eisin annt e graed t

them eu iu vg s dues' The ie e iviai he er

beg aie te nlus, asue e in-e se ls: ht egeet rht se neua eri in n mer waee htte eiss he neu ai see f suerr; an nn heee lvy ops there, nd

ma aies h & hu his essn"The neua h nese rh resst

ever aet begee ma mae use seri ; se i a e means i s ead ev e s i e sae anne as aizen as e rh ded s e a eeans aed a s dss he hi he isue (Ibid., i 48 49)

d reie hat his rine is xi rdued n an ne the bs nenina wublsed dung te last eas in Get BriaPssil ter ien n s it a be used be ic tei u whi, n igs f

the use Haner equn eed n rei reruits i im f wa. ee tis ma bese te Enls ws erred t regse thegt ever sereg te else use sn teritr and resuces, (Wilas nernainaLa, l 64 but wiu aderi e reset

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ogica consequence o s r; ough oe o e

discs l coaea queso, whee taoses s neuty by ig reg eve, nncude o th i b pemied to o, sod be pemited ea, r�t beit poes. (Mang's Law f Nton b. h. )

I s coxo e same aedd Elsh wricosides ad cots te mo, cde anroes taken p Geat Biai so dc-trn o t ny t o nd Vteld, upo an lo ee of te oe sujc oncudes ts :

"Foein lie y o b ao o e been, wi red to is aons conssenl h

th dues o neuity Wh santecd

tar pemt sc ecu pi, h * * copat of ba o eual a b aiane bh ecld pay , w aeceden eaxs, suc permsson wod be a oto o nua t pcpes f ch dd te scstsnenc o isace o eter at, n, of couse,

w ot dm ht excuse privlege, n so mpota pacuar, so be ed ne bige orhav t stoms oe, dve o he pc-tces of he iddl ags, esabished any sge a e-s h qeo o be settl accdacwth dcaes of eso or, oe wods, wh o ate annng, ibd., p 180

anigs reao is clusv so r s oes. Ad he pecio of or is law oos h s s o acco, a st the auho o h epouds of o a h es of Cstdo

R2

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Micontrto has alo be pacd o t ct

Bykro matan rgt of rvat or ou-tary xpaao, r t rpoe o r tar rvc. t o o xp r conact ot a rg bt a rcrt or a tral coy wot t cot of torgn. O te coa x t

gat o U Proc accrg c

t w a capta oc to k t tco ot cont of Stat Gra ( Qut.Jr Pblic, b c. 22)

d Grat rt r ow gatonctod a aot t of pc a bynacng at any ro war wt t ntdKgo r ny at o t mnon o GraBran r nga rt or rocr or att or naor to r ra gag or rocrny ro watr to t o to r or ga tot a a ocr or aor or ar r o a or a rc r or dr r ad of ay rrc or gormt or to go or o g to o or

mar o ay ac t doo r tro o t nt o b o t trd ongagd a ara y ro o og a dmd gy of a maor ab by or mpro a t co of t cort ajrcto of t act. ( Act of 59 Go. I c. 69.

W t Utd ta atg t

ar rgt ad og t r o bc a ad by to cota Ero artdd ab t cr at a ry ary ro ooo to t rang o t Frc gor-t tro tr M. Gt to a or qcr t t Ut Sat r Jro

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M Gee Ju 17 1793 merca State Pper For

A, vol. i, . 54)And ou juicl textok are ll and expict on

the m pont (Wheao y Lwrece 498;K's Com, le. 6

I oviou to h mot superal reeco hao ncton of prcpe es i he evy of a mili-tar rce i h eutral conr a beteen te d

a sea servce and Gr Briain ma r with Uied ae vonteer r her ad servc, soRusia rae e r her mrn ervice ht smy t ou privateer i or por an inee f wgran or peri he rmer privege to rea re must, i le maner, in orer to e ipariay eura, conce the aer rleg to ua

And i i equa oou reg recrimus no be bid or perie uer e ueno any sued naoa ties or tphesIdivual or toa prerence are uie mterial suc a eio Te te ates caot, eiher

ly or onorby, prcc suaed neurayor ca a diebe ance be clmed or expectedom us either b Grea Bi or y usa.

Fro te weletalhed re a prces of ahe, i i pl to concle:

. The cts of enlten qeso are cotrary tot municipl aw of h our, and cb as g misdeeanor

2. To ac f erited to one elgerent, muse erittd to a oervance of iartal etrali

Bein agast law in the ned Stte n tere-r o permed to reat riai if underae br as a govere he or s cas o war

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b drect aoa \oaion of tioi sov-

ity of on tio b ohe.4 Wa g of e Bis ovee,

eh o&c o oil, ai vouiy o bods, have pariciae sc c, e o ou of mil ico of e taut aw, bo i lauae of Vtel, o vil o o ost saced r e aio

I sme at i te psent cs, he Btsis mi e cs prmd u hisecio w ot coy o e uci lw,

us be o h goun tat the rcs e o coply estd h U Sts ; at , id ote i a rm nt e ity srvice of Ga

Bi Tt suton is ltoghr cos Testatue is xpss, tt i prson sh ie or retainoe pon o go byod h lm or jrdcto o td Se, w i o b lit or ntredto te sce o y ei stt, h sa be demdui of e d miseno

I i ossib also at he y hav suod

soem cotact of hi e itd s cs-say o ostiue te onc Ta oud e reduso Te ords o te sute re "he o rea. I ue ou ct of Cogss do o peslsa, t Bish ct of Pliaet oe, eer lstment oney, p o reard sl he bn ece or ot, (Act 59 Geo II c. 69

s. 2 ) o w it ncssy o nset se o. pt my b aed y vrbl pose, or by init-on, ecd or know po. If suc tatuecould be ad o t at augt b abote otvncs o gage tout istng, o ret toui, t ivie ou recuig o y rruit

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oe n c, bt ner aoe me o bo, s-

ae moey, expes, or te lke wold b os o Congress r e uise of is or ayoer oene.

Hor is b, if sc wer he ogtof ish ovnen, i as no bee suceslJycid o; o e bere e iclui geeral nscos o Brish iser an is

i correspone wih cii ocs eUied es ad oe, my �po s ose, ath es ve sles meable to eas o e sae, a be convcd brey opet cou o nied aes

I i ter b observe, i coclsio of s o sjec, t, wr h cs of t

Brs miise is en ecri oosh e Sts, do or do ot come whi echial rovsons of e t o ogrss, s alogerel o e qeso o nternationa rh, sbe is overme a of Gr ria ,b ngeo vsons e er of a pe suened o r rvae alors, h Bish gov

er soul nrel, e roo hre, t co sau bei ts ded ad mp rot old sv onl o aget te ubc on

ppos r isac, t te rish govenmesa hav sid o s oces, ci or ary i hesh No Aeric povcs, ad o s plomc or cosul aens he Uied e: "Yowl poceed o ase so my e n he edStaes; but member at to o so s rbide bte ip o t cot a ncle aa isemeao o wl, eree, e a o roce cnny ths ot to t s

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f the aue." Sch nrcios, we tey mgh

hav e ect f raig te troop, as dere by heBr govert, o t ae crrg theal e , l b co a morara a agrava ilao f te aagny a e ovreg rig f Ue ae

In rt, e ae n maer o b econ-ary acco Te ma coeron e ovre

g f te U a xerce cple aeclve jrci ei trory; ea rcl eral, pleae, t c o errg an f Erpe; a o core o to orael e coy by eer o bgeeeer r lad or ea rce I er oc to p e ag or par to c el-

m, el; a a oc qo rr corao, a e ot rear a rovern. A cocr a r ovemt ko , er , a a goern pr l I bo o ak pro of us

re cog o or err o rae troop r sn rvce I a o qure heere a o c r o L alh a oc a ly t eeho a e a b c t vae emIa , bo, t oly by very conra eraoal co, but e rcteaal a repc t ovr a re

e plc plcy o Ue SaeAccrly, , a e concmet o terat ropa rug beee na a Fce,ar e cl a cy, e Frc Cone d o cr a rc n e Uea b Pn Wanon an b

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hs Secrtay of ate, Mr Jeeron, as explaied ne correoece ere bre qu, a y aw o ao vrue our overegy, a w.ou og o ec muc as e ujec,e a rg o ree a re en e-, an, e conve1·so, a e ae o make ayuc ee wa a act of o aoa ggreo o e Ue e

We reg gvrme, y aget eerso e e ae o err cs voao ofou overegy, a coary o our uc ocyog ac o mde eal y munca aw, at grave aoa gy ad rog I aono , uc e goveme, kowg a eal

au o e uec e, eeray uerakes oevde e uca aw, a u o ae a ro eu e er adrao o e coury uc cae e reg overme o oy voae u u our oa overegy

I rea, e, , ere o e uod a eBr oerne ad o ar rgoen wa s ue

ow gy, o rc age e error o e Gera Bu, e Neera, ee a, o e rcus u reec r

loca overegy u w cae o avo or evae eer o ocl auP, a o g, awou aggrae e juce ad eay o rceg he ee o e aw o ao, a e

o e uc rog a gar e eua aeu coved, wou er cone, o a recrroud r e res o Grea Ba

c ruco oud e rogaory o our ucoor aoe reec Tey reue a ee aes ou co e e of ra

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B l co at te ue of er rror

or belgeren purose, le pos euraiu carr o s a ne a oora n gie ais Rua

It aea, oev; e ove t osle o ke the s of ald olntr ste d be lot o ecour e esii f w r cocr r

rug o i r procl rce o s bleodd o a oter yatic o ofag oos o poulio roc oP ld "A ct o t ro be l, ad o re s oc n oi e Mjy' rcs, but c ws ct l touhorze h gover to ly agn o car cru rc e eutr ae o Ero dea.

e l n cd o i s por lig o ural as d droy t h ai i, u s eers, on 2d Dcb, 1854 (Har' ti r

ol 13G, pi.)A� y aly a e asae of t ct mes er en o ecrut ocer d r a prood gn leion e Ud S, thoe esur g pulicl pursu ud cia epoi

lt f Si a le arct lietenat goeroro prc f Nov Soa · A lr dt a

bl t Hix r h cto ad erolmnof rcuis a Hoe, eer of e prvcalgovr or g, ca o he d o make araem r engag and rarg e rcus ce o oto e Yok adPadla uquly ood rg-

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mets ere ae r o1lctg d rrg eri

o e ese Ses, y Buo or g rouUper ad.

Tee cs were oeed d prosecu wprted ab d or a f dvesead cs ere cete i eots ew York delsehee, a reuarl trpore o C o NovScotia th undgsed oorety a f the ied

Stte wer ti couen par o the rii e-e Of coue t arcd gret teton, aos eure, wher or oti, pope oput stop o te wre stut y our recohrou the intuetity o th reg o legal deprtmets the oernen of he Unied Sae

I te coure of he nvstgatos whc ese,

ong cs ougt o are me n e docmet rere to e, whch uequvocay plicteot o sh conul, ut he Br mte me, n the tansao n qso, d o r quir a o t o hs oeret n erece o tem n teir govenment

t lcaio o e geerl ru o a o oeces cote, t is ecear o disgeteen t ce o n of the cous d of ms

Te everal dstric aory of e Und Set oe jurdctio, especvy ce occurred, very propery su t he col ebc to dtent r acti of e mcpw, d av poceded ccordgly oecoig l ben sttuted n oe dco O ainst he conul t Cncn n hoer strc o Ne o gi c f coulae of New o

B. R-�

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Nothng s beer eled by ajudic s

ouny, tt eg cous e ubc o m-l poce vioo of e upl lw. (UeSes vs. Rv, i Dl, 7; Mn vs Sde•o, Bn, 44; Cool vs Koo, Segd , 545 S vs De l Foet, Not nd Mc ,27 )

Tse jio e exat ony w h

of ton n gd o ou, s eood a o le n Get B n e oees of Ceno (ee Opn, ovebe ,14, MSS; o, Kent' Co. vol. , p. 44; Weto'sEl. b Lence, 30)

e only pee whc osul ejoy seect, e Ued Se, ht wded h b

he couon, o ben ed b e e ou:e eec of w s, at s ce e wt o of te genel govne, wc y dt t acog o e onvenence o e egenceo s eg pc, wout pent o utoy o y of he ndvdul es of te on.(ot., at. , ec. c Septebe , 79, ec

9, S. t ge, p. 77.) ou n, ppes by e egl po

ceegs ee, uppo t e enled o benes of en pecul uos n e consuloveto beee e Und e nd Fnce, oFebuy 23, 53. If wee o, t woud ot e o pont, beue doe o e co

us o e cl juid of ee of cotg goveen. Bu s onveno noplcto hteve o te conul elon of etBt te d Stes ete t ppe oot ovene t ch e hve enteed nto

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stipulaons o plce our respecve cosus o he ot

g of he most vord nio, s queso ye subWe. But te s o su o t ntre xstec s btwee Gt t d e Und Ss.O cours, he ties th rts o Amec cosus rt tin, and o Btish cosus entd Sts std upo e w o ntios, ecep she se s oed b eir rts, d b e oc

aw o ethr coury The oc a o eh, s e ave ee, ithod o csus t dipomtc pr ee of terorty Btish cosu, terere,h o js cuse o copi, , h chard w oce, he s hd b o the cim jurs-cto o te Utd Stes

I tio o os ordia mans of ress he

cse of te mconduct o re cosu s tha aoed th o tios he Psdt of he Untedts s e udoubed pr, h dscreion, hdrw e exequatr ny consu o jusf he eecis of hs poer· he os no eed ec o a chc voto of a judc provedHe y erse t r y esoabe cuse, eneve

s det, s cad b he tests or ehoor o he nted States. (De Cercq, Guie desOonsls, p 101)

O each of hese pons provso s de hcomc conveti btwee e ted Stes re Bit of Juy 3d 1815 c sputs ha"bre ny cns eithr count sa c s such

e sh, i the usu , be pproved nd dte e ovme o whch he s s ; ad, * * cse oe o mprper codc wrds e as o e ovret of e oy o hc e s sen, suc cosa eter pushed ccord o w, e a

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i eac e ce or be set bac; te oended gov

ernet asiging to e oer he asos te sae."(Art i)Ts oveto, y trs s to subst oy ur

ears. By a susqut covio, at of Octo0t, 188, i daton poud tn rs, rtiv) ad aerwars e covto of ugs 6,27 aoter en ears, ad uti dnoced b

eite pay o ele mots' oiceFo he et, the suton of the coo o1815, otiued by te coneto of 88 ad 8are but declator o te a of aos h s n-destood bot i Gat ii d the Uited Stats.

I r to h mtr t i cl e violathe las o the govert o wc e is ci

or otherwis od is ovrt ere is o eyxcpt n e mer a prescrid by te wof tios He os epon fro jucal pocss, wc iuy is ot so is g as tatof is oere

I as e l n E e see i Marcsce portd b Ro th te of Js I at

atoug a bssdor s piled by he oae nd of atos t i e cot ay oceaainst h w o u o rao, e l loose silege ut ot i e ond at a post l ofa alm oes R p. 7 No sc dtctobetee mal proibit ad m se, as rects a-sados is ow te a tr ertorlty se uaimous octr o a ucists, and s cogsedn ga s t s te Uted Sats, by saute

Te ole questo s lr dscus by Widm, ose es are i acordac i tose ooius ad ynkersok i o p hro Cto ol 9

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B e prve of xerrioral o cored

o pbl s ield o crim Fo ycis h e y m, e reedy v cord e o e cs

As c st e ui law of h ou-, te a n ise, or ot prsn he pge o pmi xtet, hve a t h e h ay r o p

cs st em se a ct, s utl ln voi ( o Apil 30, 90, e 25, Sus Le, p 17) A is i p miss j o ji rito v nacs e Und s vs. Hn, Ws. C C R, 45; Ui s vs , i p.0; , p. 2 Se l ·on

ec: p 84 K' o., vl. 38; O of Mr to Gene Le, of Jul 2, 7.)

The caes o cy o he pt o a pul inse e gusd t e llow asses

st e cie cmite b te se aectniviu ony, (delcta prta,) overme oe c s is real; f hs vr-

e rec h, e ovet f e cou p y , or b , o tl t es of sr (ler, Do es Gens se 11; e es, Gi om q u o , p 88.

f e e e e ubli sat of te co t e a, uge use r ize ol< i perso u e dge b pse, or xpm o e oy y e; r e y of s s sr o o csides, s p b ovetai rgd e eeso mb (I ; e so , vo 38 ;

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cooner Excae vs. McFadde, ii Cranc, 6, 19.

Inde, it as ee d, i uc a cas, i gan,at e o pary m b prcedd agaisr tason " it is aed i the case Rx Ow, aasador coas an itd dat tth kns person, i h lad w he s e a becondmd ad xecutd r rason. ( Oe,' , p 88) Bt tat dcum is t i ccord

it prcdts, wich, i neral, o no tr ta thart ad cnet, ad te evetua or h idatexulo, o a ulc ter, r teoable acts, oracts angrus e ecurit f te tat.

Sia sta f the aet or m ulino publc mists i ch a cas, are cllcted byBnsk b Wiquet by Wilda a bal d Maes, ( Cuses Obre.)

A v er ca f gat otoiet s tat of SrHr Blwer, wo, l Bits miistr at ad,dr the ansat of te De Vaca,Gnea Navaz,) bi dtcte i cplcit itmstc revlutnits, a qurd by ter of te

Dk o Sotomayor, e Ss ister f igas, qi Spai imedaly, ad dd o ra-ez Epan l Vcode Pes-, Madrd, 1848

Ths cdt ccsied a bri ntrun f hedplatic rlatons of te o veret; but Saitd ad, a Sr He Blr a ac udre structs Lrd Paero, t Brs M

tr Forei i, te Bts govere aerome dlay, ad the excange explaats, cscoutat it had be laced the rong b Lrd Paer-t, ubmttd t d a nw mistr to Madrdnsard' Debates, t ss , 347)

3d nall f the enc a, bt not c t

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compromise the public saty, the corse of oeeding

i corde wh the law of tions, sctioe plomc usae, is t md the rcl of eister, a mele to rese, or ot, ll uerinerouse wih , acordn o he circumstce.

The Ut Staes ve ursue ts couse i sveal isces o whc memrae e exaclyper te preset cae, s he dem o Frce

r te rel of M. Geet, uilty o enlmets i thiscutr wu e cet f its overmet. (Amae Ppers, Fr , vol i, N 65)

The- publc l a uae hs rsect re wellste mode Es ur, wo s:

" With resp to te smss o iisters, it isusu, where te mter dmis of el, rst e

hs recl * -· Bu is is mere act f couresy, i caot be exece o ocs o immiet perl Te smsl o abssaor o sucoccss is t uto of jurico, u meau of seldece, whc o oe as ever deie e e the se of bssors I amsor use ce, he y e repelle rce * We the daer s iet, ador ay beszed s uc eem, ma be irsoe, m beput t eth, if be issly ecssr t oursy Wd, sues, vol , p 14

O e whle, e cae o te Bris mster,rerded i e lt f eshe rules o he of s, d plomatc ue ue thereo,wul see rese islf into, t, qes ofsrict rt; d secy, of ceio i te eerciseha rh

It cer s ot cse ctin te scuriy of testte, tu ee o jusf te trsio

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o ury auoty e iac o te Pce

o ellamae i France, (C e Me, Cause Cl-brs, o 139) Co Gllenbeg i e ri,oe' C Lw, p. 87 ad y other cseo hio d lea oorey r ist N co iolec ae puted o e Brs ne, or: purose or t trateing o e ol alyof he Un W i ge ins h

codu mpopr pul nst, ill s reee ucpa law os o he oal sveegty u so, equres o e repesed i uae ev o dcate e pul oo Ofr h, he esen ay, t Q f Sad e e o r Hey e, se psot e Br er, h to to ea he

cor wou ela; or e ay l, is sreio, ado h mer cous, a siet hioid i s o et s er r oe rtsh s oportut of exlato oe Sectay of Sat en, elato b oitry, o ed eal o te Qe oermt. T person est wc e ritis i

ister jsty ejo hee te ect coueh later couse, more epec e Bth oveent s e resoy o hs , ouderpo oeed o eer, i ts o na, cole a le saco r ai auorzed oeted s a aran · ron, e yscatp o ecr a y r te tty e nmi o e etn-ovrnor ooa Sot

I hae hoor o be ey repctll, SG

e REDE.

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APENDIX.

O G' FCEMarch 3 85.

S: The Secretar of te s reed o e our eter to m of e 2d ins, enlosg a dblied "Agus McDal, o poposes o euiors r e liy srice of e Bish oer-et nd aderses a eciig saio r at bjec a place ndiatd te cit f New o.

atemens cooborve f ths cue ppea sury ewspapes of New Yor.

I s pecy ear t suc ensment i con·ry to lw c of nress o Ap 20, 11,ot l ris i ensens i e Unedtes, r a upoe oe o ny couy ayth us, b s y reig ae r a puoshaever

I te trop recruig r rea ria Ne

Yok are teed to sre agais Russia e unraing is i olai of our euraity; ad, if oil it is i ioato of the svei aoty of enied Sas

No ong snce e cosul f te exca republic atSa rancso as dy id ad coice here ofs pecse ene, aig enst persos i a

rnia r te doestic servce o his germt.hse iews of he psn qstio av be sb

mted to Prest and e s appbo; ande accrdiy ha direced e t adis you ce o e a o re u o e e

4

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proer and lawl tep, i your dcreo, to brig tophme a peons eed uh eime

i your dtrict.I m vey repec

C CUSHINGHon. JON McKEN,

Uited at ttey ew Yk

ATORN GERL'S FFICEeptemer 12, 185.

: I repy o your eter of e 10th it ohe ubjec of he idicme eg aan perchaged h recrg r e mty erce oea Bri I ave e oor o ke te onberaon

Mr McKeo h bee aded of e deene ocrg ih yo pery eier by ief r a i regard to e eence o ich he hae cc, ad hch c be u o you.

gge e expedecy of ty oy a ohe ce o, epecay i yo conic i meeaig cae

Bu e m mpota codeaton i Ti govere of coure, ddeed to ta o

Brt uch demd f pubc rede d tco i he reme e tona hor requirB he overme of rea B h extaoda y itet to he gre apect of i ac, amelyhe ra voo ou overeg rh ved em ha uppoed i a ucie tcao of ha h doe to repy a it gave trucon to ent o proceed a o e our uicp; ad i he rear f Jue e i u-

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rt te ea at t ueee n pue

t b so: Jge Kane s a urt etje, ad ll ronoce the aw a it is, ihot r vor.

B te Bits overnmet , by ieo o-ivnce, uccdd sleig gs m coicto as aactos, t as n o doi oubld teaitde f the atio wr ted n the UiteStats

Ts governet s oe t uty f ea ad-istraon, n prosct the vuas egae ih ac f hey r acquit by e of a eierate uertak o te art f the Brt veret ot to violte a a ati ur vereg gt

a nao, bt aso o evade r up laws, adt untki hal b onumated by ts ages he nted Stats, hen al ts ll ave be diy asrane, the Prsdent l e ave ere te lemets f cso to at teatonaac t bcoes the nited ates t adot ·orta a atter.

I a very escly,C UHNG

A VA D E.Uited at ttoy, Phladlphia.

ATORN GL'S FFICE,

Str 17 1855S I ere t ae a fter ugsi egard the trl of parie caged it ecritn oersin the Uied tats r te ervice the Btish gv-ent.

ha t ube er

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given by tht ovement ts cers the Uted

Saes. 'Ve e tl b L Cen tht tsecs " set srucos so t pcee t le cl w; tht s, to vte tss bu s ee f s, te stcos tesels ve te see t f e e Stes

Bu, e ne, vey osl f Ge n he e es s b te vwl f s ven

me sbjc e jst sspc f bec f lw;e, pey, e mus e ve sbeyed sw oen, , be t ve bsed ss cs by the vlon f s ntentnuy te e Ses

se crnces, s eeme l ecesstt e cs t P, n te

e f e s venet sh ot b sed nere e ts s e epe to peus cc tt o lee f s be e excep e e f eee t f e v ytn sy sl e p te sd by te ece, n e e y be ly css-ened bhe posect

I s c tt e s h, b e f pbcw, f rt coy, to be erd n the cse b te cu wse t s es ethe enced vlutee.

I ve te to b ey esectly,C. CUSHING

JAS. C. VAN Dnr, EsqUited States ttoney, Philadehia.

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AON GEL' s FC,Octobe 20 1865.

SR: I have t honor o acknowldg e rcptionof your wo comucato of e a 7h n-sta wc yo r of t covcon ofJosp Wager accs of oce of big e-gg uay rcru troos wn t Uas r te s o ra Bra a rqust sructos s o or dctmnt of th sa cls sipnd you istrc

Ts poscos re stu priariy rt puos of asg cotn paton ofcts dogtor o sogty ad pbc hoord conta o t nu poc of as

T pus of cm n s s a otr

css of gn of stat posos of a r naur s an ojc aso b s pcuarss a scoda o; r t dd snorof pas pcatd wtr t ctizs orgrs an wr piat or oc psos isbu or cid of atioa dgiy no ct o s govr ri go

nt wose bf ad os prs o olat t ws of t n tats rr ou a wa has tus r ben

o b o so udiciously an succssfl scs aian pubc pace a vnicat t pubistc wn our dsric o w ak sch isposo our dscro ss bst of t reain

colais gis a psons wo do no ho anoci rto o Brish orns gu persos of atr scrptio whhe

u ps s

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on a diert run, n l structs -gr hem be wr yu e e.

S pe ae ! be mm he vte e f e a, but e v f e erl bje e t b e Ute es ues ae pue by w gveme

I ve e be, u eet eaC. USHING.

Hon. JOHN McKEoN,United Stau torney, New York.

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HARVARD LAW LIBRAY

FROM THE LIBRARY

OF

RAMON DE DALMA l Y DE OLIVART

ARQUS DE OLVART

RECEIVED ECEMBE JI, I9II


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Opinion of the U.S. Attorney General Cushing

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Transcript of Opinion of the U.S. Attorney General Cushing