OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

By:

Pravin ParmarSr. Professor (T.M.)

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WHY OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IS RELEVANT FOR ALL RAILWAYMEN?

It is the end product of IREfficiency of IR depends on its

OperationsPublic Image is also depends on

operations to a great extent. It has direct implication on the

revenue of IRAll departments are contributing to

Railway operations and hence to that extent responsible for it.

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VARIOUS TYPES OF OPERATIONS

Coaching Operations

Freight Operations

Departmental Operations

Rescue and Relief Operations

During Accidents

Operations during abnormal

working3

COACHING OPERATIONS INCLUDE..

Passenger Train Operations

Mixed Train Operations

Parcel Train Operations

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DIFFERENT PRODUCTS OF COACHING TRAINS

Premier Services Rajdhani, Shatabdi, Duranto, Premium trains,

Garibrath etc Superfast Trains Long distance Mail/ Express trains Short Distance Intercity trains Passenger Trains/Mixed Trains EMU/MEMU/DEMU Trains Rail bus Holiday/ Special Trains Parcel Trains

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ISSUES IN PASSENGER OPERATIONS

Rake Links : Planning and running of rakes so as to optimize asset utilization

Loco Links: loco links are normally from end to end unless there is change of traction or operational reasons.

Crew/Guard Links : Economy, human aspects and jurisdictions form the criteria

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RAKE LINKS

DAY1 BCT 2951 NDLS1640 0830

DAY 2 0835 1630

DAY 3 1640 REPEAT

NO. OF RAKES REQUIRED 3 – 1 = 2PRIMARY MAINTENANCE - BCTSECONDARY MAINTENANCE - NDLS

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ISSUES OF RAKE LINKS Primary & Secondary Maintenance Lie over at terminals Rake size and Rake Composition Uniform Rakes – exchangeability of

rakes Effective utilization of assets Average speed of train

M/E - 50kmph PASSENGER – 36 kmph GOODS - 25 kmph

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ASSET UTILISATION

Vehicle utilization /vehicle day Coach – 550 km Wagon – 265.3 km

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BRC SHED - MAIL/EXPRESS LOCO LINK

19113/1911422929/22930 BLD-BRC EXP 110 KMPH 21

BRC-3 1 WAP5 LOCO LINK

540 KMS/LOCO/DAY (LINK KMS = 540)DAY L/O   BLD BL NDB ST BH BRC ANND L/O KMS

1

270

270

2

                     

20.45

07.05

11.0516.25

19114)22930(

19113)22929(

07.05

05.20

10.20TI@BRC(2700)

ISSUES OF LOCO LINKS No. of locos required for coaching

services Against total 2640 rakes, no. of

locos 3400 Maintenance schedules Lie over at terminals/sheds Coaching loco utilisation Average speed of train

M/E - 50kmph PASSENGER – 36 kmph GOODS - 25 kmph

Electric – 674 kmpd, Diesel – 612 kmpd

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CREW LINK (EXAMPLE)

BCT 12009 BRC ADI

DAY 1 0600 1330 12902

DAY 1DAY 2 0730 2230

2335 12927 0626

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ISSUES OF CREW LINKS

Working of trains - Crew HQs,

Working hours of crews

Rests & Running rooms

Spare working

Shortage of crew

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TERMINAL ISSUES

Availability of maintenance

Facilities

Availability of platform

Watering/ fuelling

Catering halts

Connections

Availability of staff 14

FACTORS AFFECTING PUNCTUALITY

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Loco / Crew Changing Fuelling, Watering, Cleaning Shunting Parcel Loading Unloading Asset Failures Alarm Chain Pulling Unusual Incidences

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FREIGHT OPERTIONS

FREIGHT OPERATIONSGoods Trains not time tabledMore complex as compared to passenger

operationsDaily planning and monitoring is

requiredFor running each goods train efforts are

required to arrange loco, crew, guard and most importantly the path.

Goods trains require continuous monitoring for effective running.

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ISSUES IN FREIGHT OPERATIONS Fluctuating Demands

Availability of proper wagons

TXR Examination

Sick marking/ ROH-POH Marking

Road side detachments

Pattern of traffic

Empty running 18

ISSUES IN FREIGHT OPERATIONS

Crew issues Crew availability Crew over hours – 10 hours rule PDD of crew

Loco issues Availability of locos Scheduled maintenance Unscheduled withdrawals/ failures Under Powering / Over Powering

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ISSUES IN FREIGHT OPERATIONSRunning Issues Availability of path Pre- departure Detentions Roadside regulations Speed differentials

Terminal related issues Terminal Facilities Terminal detentions

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MAINTENANCE BLOCKS

Availability of margin for blocks – Integrated Blocks

Planning in advance – use of technology for reduction in block time

Late running of M/E & Passenger Trains Heavy pressure of interchange EMERGENCY BLOCKS Regulating M/E & Passenger Trains Single Line Working Bursting of Blocks

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LINE CAPACITY CONSTRAINTSGolden quadrilateral and its

diagonals are saturated routesNo scope to run additional

trainsCall of the day;

Heavy Haul OperationsLong Haul Operations

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STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVE HIGH GROWTH

ENHANCED AXLE LOAD OPERATIONS FROM 20.32 TO 22.9

ROUGH ESTIMATE= IN YEAR 2011-12, ENHANCED AXLE LOAD CONTRIBUTED 85MT OUT OF TOTAL 970MT i.e 8.7%

25 T on mineral routes Extend to all routes Develop wagons for 25T Targeted investments on low cost but

high return traffic facility works INCL TERMINALS

HEAVIER, FASTER, LONGER—MANTRA FOR XIITH PLAN

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DOUBLE STACK CONTAINER TRAINS

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LONG HAUL GOODS TRAIN

DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDORS

Corridors Capable of :

Double Stack Container operation.

Fit for Speeds up to 100 Kmph

Capable of 25/32.5 Tonnes Axle Load

Adoption of liberal Maximum Moving

Dimension

Tare to pay load ratio of 4-5

Longer loops of 1500 m

Feeder routes fit for 25 tonne axle load30

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MUMBAI

DELHI

CHENNAI

KOLKATA

LUDHIANA

VIJAYAWADA

Proposed Freight Corridors

VASCO

Sanctioned projects

GLOBAL COMPARISION PARAMETER USA RUSSIA CHINA FRANCE GERMANY JAPAN INDIA

Route Kms/million population 747.40 598.1 45.5 466.5 410.9 157.5 55.2

RKM/Sq Km area-

23.6 4.9 6.4 54.2 94.9 53.0 19.3

NTKM(million)/Route km 12.44 24.84 34.75 NA NA NA 7.6

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GLOBAL COMPARISION PARAMETER USA RUSSIA CHINA FRANCE GERMONY JAPAN INDIA

PKM(million)/ Route km 3.06 2.06 10.84 2.82 2.2 12.6 10.97

NTKM+PKM/ Route km 12.7 26.9 45.6 NA NA NA 18.6

NTKM/Wagon/ day

16251 10104 10608 NA NA NA 6344

Transportation Output = [NTKM(mil) + PKM(mil)] / Employee/Year

15.13 2 1.4 0.76 0.72 2.09 0.83

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Parameter Indian Railways Other selected Railways

Heavy-haul Freight

5400 Tonnes Chinese Railways- 20,000 T, South African Railways -22,000t , Australian Rail Road - 32,000-37,000t ,Usa-19000t,Brazil-23000t

High Speed Rail No (maximum permissible speed – 140 kmph)

Germany, France, Spain, Japan, South Korea, China (250 to 350 kmph)

Fare to freight ratio

0.26 France – 1.3, China-1.2,

Freight market-share

35% USA-48%China-47%

GLOBAL COMPARISON-KEY PARAMETERS

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Railways

   

Employee Productivity Network Productivity Wagon Productivity

(Annual)   (Annual)

NTKM (million)/Employee

PKM (million)/Employee

NTKM (million)/Network Length

PKM (million)/Network Length

NTKM (million)/Wagon

Russia 1.81 0.15 21.87 1.80 5.52

China 1.23 0.38 39.66 12.38 4.31

India 0.44 0.66 9.39 14.12 2.73

PRODUCTIVITY COMPARISION

ASSET UTILISATION

Engine KM/Engine day Passenger – 612 (Diesel), 674 (Elect.) Goods - 407 (Diesel) 482 (Elect.)

Average Load per goods train : 1711 tonnes

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Thank You..