OPERATIONS AND ECONOMICMODELS FOR LARGE MILKING PARLOR S

o-LOKw AAIRY CHECK-OFF

by

Craig Thoma sDairy and Poultry Sciences Departmen t

University of FloridaGainesville, Florida

Introduction

The trend toward larger dairy farms is occurring in every dairy region o fthe U. S. As a result the milking facility has become the heart of the dairyenterprise, one of its largest capital investments and major sources o foperating costs . Furthermore, in open housing systems typical of Sunbel tstates most dairies periodically suffer excessive "parlor pressure" where th efacility fails to milk the herd in the allotted time . Parlor pressure can be a nimportant factor limiting daily milk output and profitability . In response,dairy producers in Florida have built large parlors, for example double-side dherringbone and parallel parlors with 16 to 40 stalls per side . Littleinformation exists describing large parlor physical or economic performance .

Traditional experimentation is very difficult to apply to complex system slike milking parlors. Also, it is not economically feasible to alter thes ecomplex systems to answer a variety of "what-if' questions . Therefore, wechose to examine large milking parlors using a technique called simulatio nmodeling . A simulation model of large milking parlors was built, tested, an dvalidated for use in examining the effects of milking parlor design, milkin gparlor size, milking system operating characteristics (i .e., vacuum andpulsation ratio), milk yield, amount of milking labor, and milking procedure son milking parlor physical and economic performance . Simulationmodeling is a technique in which the real system (i .e., milking parlor,milking system, cows, and milking personnel) is imitated by a compute rprogram. The computer program contains all of the logical and quantitativ erelationships between the milking parlor, milking system, cows, and milkin gpersonnel necessary to provide an accurate abstraction of the actual milkin gparlor system .

The parlor simulation model was built from data collected from over 6 0large Florida dairies . These data included survey data and over 100 hours ofvideotapes of large mincing parlors in operation . The parlor simulation wasvalidated by comparing it with the actual performance of parlors on four larg eFlorida dairies . Table 1 indicates that the parlor simulation model was highly

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accurate in predicting parlor performance for each of these four dairies withless than .5% difference between actual and simulated averages for number o fcows milked per hour (CPH) or pounds of milk harvested per shift (MPS) o n3x/d milking.

TABLE 1 . Comparison between actual and simulated milking parlorperformance for four large Florida dairies.

DairyParlordesign

Parlorsize

ActualCPH1

Simulated

ActualCPH

MPS2 (lbs)SimulatedMPS (lbs )

A herringbone D-16 164.63 164.80 19,908 19,886B herringbone D-20 206.60 207.60 32,509 32,628C parallel D-35 320.20 319.20 46,176 46,077D parallel D-40 362.51 361 .60 59,467 59,745

1CPH = number of cows milked per hour .

2MPS = total milk harvested per milking shift (3X/d milking) .

The final parlor simulation model was capable of imitating large milkin gparlors with the following characteristics :

1) Parlor design : herringbone or parallel,2) Parlor size: double-16, 20 (herringbone, paralleI), 32, and 40 (paralle l

only) ,3) Milking system operating characteristics :

A) Vacuum: 12.5, 13.8, or 15.0 inches of Hg,B) Pulsation ratio : 50:50, 60 :40, 70 :30,

4) Milk yield: 18,000, 19,500, 21,000 lb rolling herd average (for eachmonth to reflect Florida's seasonal production) ,

5) Milking labor : 1 to 8 milkers depending on parlor size ,6) Milking procedures: a task-oriented routine including all or only some

of the following procedures :A) Predipping (dipcup or spray wand) ,B) Wiping of predip with cloth or paper towels,C) Milking machine attachment,D) Postdipping (dipcup or spray wand) ,

7) Production groups : 2 groups based on daily milk yield per cow.To compare operating efficiencies of parlors with different numbers of stall sthe two measures of parlor performance used were : 1) parlor turns per hour ,TPH, which equals the number of times each hour a cow is milked in eac hparlor stall (TPH times total number of stalls equals cows milked per hour) ,and 2) pounds of milk harvested from each parlor stall each hour, MSH(MSH times total number of stalls equals total milk per hour) .

Additionally, a capital budget model was formulated to examine the lon gterm economic implications of selecting alternative parlor sizes, designs, an doperating strategies. The budget model calculated the after-tax net presen treturns to ownership and non-parlor fixed costs over a 15 year life-span fo r

each parlor. This budget model accounted for all revenues (e .g., milk, cullcows, and calves), all variable costs (e.g., feed, replacements, utilities, parlo rsupplies, veterinary and medicine, breeding, milk marketing, repairs, etc .) ,and all fixed costs (e .g., parlor construction, insurance, property taxes, etc.) .Costs of totally equipped parlors are given in Table 2 . All economic result sreflect Florida's seasonal milk price and production and all comparisons wer emade at a 19,500 lb rolling herd average milk production .

TABLE 2. Costs of totally equipped parlors in three milking facility size categories includin gparlor building and associated equipment .

Cost

Parlor Buildingl ,2Parlor

Milkingequipment3

equipment4Automationequipments Tota l

40 stall sDouble-20

herringbone $248,493 $184,245

$64,343 $57,629 $554,710Double-20

parallel $227,304 $180,737

$62,744 $49,990 $520,77564 stall s

2-Double 16herringbones $409,080 $281,183

$104,163 $92,206 $886,63 22-Double 16

parallels $374,187 $275,340

$101,620 $79,984 $831,13 1Double-32

parallel $347,424 $79,984 $803,98 4$262,931

$113,64580 stalls

2-Double 20herringbones $491,400 $115,258 $1,054,094$329,334 $118,102

2-Double 20parallels $449,988 $322,318 $114,930 $99,980 $987,216

Double-40parallel $421,344 $310,631 $133,034 $99,980 $964,989

1Building area includes wash and drip pens, cow platform and operator pit, milk room, equip-ment and service area for vacuum and refrigeration systems, office and adjacent restroom an dstorage area .

2Based on a cost estimate of $21 /ft2of floor area which included all electrical and plumbin gwith poured concrete walls and modular metal roof construction .

3Parlor equipment included stalls, gates, milk cooling and wash systems, and crowd gate .4Milking equipment included milking units, pulsation and vacuum systems, milk line, and

receivers .5Automation equipment included automatic detachers .

Results,

Parlor Design and Size

Results of the analysis of double-16 and double-20 parlors indicated thatparallel parlors were more efficient than herringbones (Table 3) . The main

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reasons for the performance advantage of parallel vs herringbone parlors ar edue to shorter parlor loading time and shorter milking unit attachment time sfor parallels . Cows enter both parlors at the same speed ; however, parallelshave an advantage because walking distance for cows is over 35% shorterthan for similar sized herringbones. Also, the milking unit attachment timewas over 1 .5 sec/cow lower in parallels . The height of claws above the milke rpit floor, detacher design, milker technique, and position of udders i nparallels may also contribute to lower milking unit attachment times ascompared to herringbones . Ideal claw height above the milker pit floo rappeared to be about 53 inches .

TABLE 3. Average parlor performancemeasures by parlor design.

Parlor design TPHMSH(lbs)

Parallel 5.89 124.16Herringbone 5.47 114.84

Smaller parlors were found to be more efficient than larger parlors (Tabl e4) . The slight performance advantage of the double-20 over the double-16 wa sprobably related more to amount of milking labor than to any inheren tdifferences between the two parlor sizes . Because milking labor must beadded in integers the standard amount of milking labor used in the double-2 0was three milkers and in the double-16 two milkers . Therefore, the double-20would be expected to have a slight advantage because its milkers wer eresponsible for only 13.3 units/milker vs 16 units/milker in the double-16 .The double-32 operated more efficiently than the double-40 even though it smilkers were responsible for 16 units/milker vs 13 .3 units/milker in th edouble-40.

TABLE 4. Average parlor performance bysize of parallel parlor .

Size TPHMSH(lbs)

Double-16 parallel 5.87 123.88Double-20 parallel 5.91 124.47Double-32 parallel 5.21 109.48Double-40 parallel 5.00 105.69

The primary reason for decreased performance with increased parlor siz ewould be due to the interaction between parlor size and the time required t operform individual parlor tasks . All tasks required a relatively short time toperform. For example, it took about 4 seconds to attach a milking machine i na parallel parlor. However, a small percentage of the time it took perhaps 15 -20 seconds . The same situation arises for all parlor tasks in that a smal lpercentage of the time they will take much more time than usual . Since

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parlor tasks are performed sequentially, a task that requires a very long tim ewill delay the performance of subsequent tasks and ultimately increase theoverall cycle time for the cows currently in the parlor . This effect is evenmore detrimental to parlor performance as parlor length increases because agreater number of cows are affected. Plus, the possibility of a task taking alengthy time increases as the parlor becomes larger simply because there ar emore opportunities for it to happen within a given milking cycle .

Analysis of the capital budgets (Table 5) indicated that these operatingefficiencies resulted in large economic advantages for parallels v sherringbones and for smaller, multiple parlors vs large, single parlors ove rthe 15 year expected life of the parlor investment .

TABLE 5. Net present returns (NPR)to ownership and non-parlor fixedcosts for various milking facilityalternatives.Parlor(s) NPR

40 stallsDouble-20

herringbone

$6,426,920Double-20

parallel

$7,115,87064 stalls

Double-32parallel

$10,156,3322 double-16

herringbones

$10,909,2452 double-16

parallels

$12,058,120 80 stallsDouble-40

parallel

$11,599,7542 double-20

herringbones

$13,011,9602 double-20

parallels

$14,393,80 6

Milking System Operating Characteristic s

Results (Table 6) showed that widening pulsation ratio or increasin gvacuum increased parlor performance . Vacuum had a greater impact onparlor performance than pulsation ratio . Increasing vacuum from 13.8 to 15.0in Hg resulted in a 6 .2% increase in TPH and a 6.8% increase in MSH, whil ewidening pulsation ratios from 60 :40 to 70:30 resulted in a 3.9% increase in

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TPH and a 4.1% increase in MSH. These results are due to the fact tha twidening pulsation ratio or increasing vacuum shorten milking machine-o ntime for individual cows . An individual cow milking time experiment weconducted gave was some indication that milk yield was slightly lower fo rcows milked at higher vacuum (e .g., 15.0 in Hg) and narrower pulsation ratios(e.g., 60:40). However, this reduction was very slight and has yet to be prove nin long term studies .

TABLE 6. Average parlor performance as affected by milking systempulsation ratio (PR) and vacuum.

PR Vacuum (in Hg)Variable 60:40 70:30 13.8 15 .0TPHMSH (lbs)

5.39113.54

5.60118.21

5.33112.08

5.66119.69

Analysis of the capital budgets indicated that the operating efficiencies fo rwide pulsation ratios (i .e., 70:30) and higher vacuum (i .e., 15.0 in Hg) resultedin large economic advantages for operating all parlors using these settings .For example, Table 7 shows that operating the milking system at 70 :30pulsation ratio and 15.0 in Hg could result in higher returns for a double-2 0parallel, two double-16 parallels, and two double-20 parallels, respectivel yover the life of the parlor investment .

TABLE 7. Net present returns (NPR) to own-ership and non-parlor fixed costs for variou smilking facility alternatives operated at selec-ted pulsation ratio (PR) and vacuum combin-ations .

PRVacuum(in Hg)

NPRDouble-20 parallel

60:40 13.8 $7,115,87060:40 15.0 $8,071,35070:30 13.8 $7,786,64370:30 15.0 $8,317,247

2 double-16 parallel s60:40 13.8 $12,058,12060:40 15.0 $13,504,85370:30 13.8 $12,878,10670:30 15.0 $13,852,405

2 double-20 parallels60:40 13.8 $14,393,80660:40 15.0 $16,204,66770:30 13.8 $15,748,25170:30 15.0 $16,793,333

Milking Procedures and Amount of Milking Labo r

Results (Tables 8) showed that abbreviated milking procedures increase dparlor physical performance which is logical since this procedure eliminate dtasks that take over 6 sec/cow to perform . Table 9 indicates that additiona lmilking labor always increased parlor physical performance ; however, thegreatest performance increase was seen when amount of labor was increase dfrom 20-32 units/man to 13.3-16 units/man.

TABLE 8. Parlor performance as affected bymilking procedures (MP) .MP TPH MSH (lbs)StandardsAbbreviated2

5.085.41

106.99114.33

d

I Standard milking procedures were predipping, wiping pre-ip with towel, milking unit attachment, postdipping .

Abbreviated milking procedures were milking unit attach-ment and postdipping only .

TABLE 9. Parlor performance as affected byamount of milking labor (ML) .ML TPH MSH (lbs)Deficits 5.09 107.52Standard2 5.30 111.60Surplus3 5.35 112.85

I Deficit labor consisted of 1 milker in double-16, 2 in double -20, 2 in double-32, and 4 in double-40.

2Standard labor consisted of 2 milker in double-16, 3 in double-20,4 in double-32, and 6 in double-40.

3Surplus labor consisted of 3 milker in double-16, 4 in double-20 ,6 in double-32, and 8 in double-40 .

Analysis of the capital budgets (Table 10) indicated that operating parlor susing abbreviated milking procedures and deficit amounts of milking labo r(20-32 units/man) resulted in large economic advantages . The results inTable 10 show that abbreviated milking procedures and deficit amounts ofmilking labor always resulted in the highest parlor investment value . Eventhough parlor physical performance could be increased by increasing th eamount of milking labor, the return provided by the additional labor was notlarge enough to offset its additional cost . Labor costs were $9.47/hr. Standardmilking procedures which employed predipping always reduced parlorinvestment value because it resulted in slower parlor performance andgenerated additional costs for teat dip and paper towels . For the double-20parallel the difference in parlor investment value for the highest returnwhen predipping ($7,115,870) vs the highest return when not predipping($8,104,502) was $988,632 . This amount, $988,632, could be viewed as th e

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maximum a dairy producer should be willing to spend over the life of theparlor on an alternative technology that would accomplish the same goals a spredipping. A technology currently being used that is designed to sanitiz eteats before milking is the injection of sanitizer in the cow sprinkler system .The total 15-yr discounted cost of building this system and purchasin gsanitizer is less than $60,000.

TABLE 10. Net present returns (NPR) to ownership andnon-parlor fixed costs for various milking facility alter -natives operated at using selected combinations of milk-ing procedures (MP) and amounts of milking labor (ML).MP ML NPR

Double-20 parallelAbbreviatedl Deficit2 $8,104,502Abbreviated Standards $7,667,300Abbreviated Surplus4 $7,200,060Standards Deficit $6,869,794Standard Standard $7,115,870Standard Surplus

2 double-16 parallels$6,763,420

Abbreviated Deficit $14,295,832Abbreviated Standard $14,165,819Abbreviated Surplus $13,224,598Standard Deficit $11,040,776Standard Standard $12,058,120Standard Surplus

2 double-20 parallels$11,964,157

Abbreviated Deficit $16,401,578Abbreviated Standard $15,516,112Abbreviated Surplus $14,582,971Standard Deficit $13,899,129Standard Standard $14,393,806Standard Surplus $13,700,295

1 Abbreviated milking procedures were milking unit attachmen tonly .

2Deficit labor consisted of 1 milkers in double-16 and 2 in double-20.3Standard labor consisted of 2 milker in double-16 and 3 in double-20 .4Surplus labor consisted of 3 milker in double-16 and 4 in double-20 .5Standard milking procedures were predipping, wiping predip wit h

towel, milking unit attachment .

Milk Yield

Milk yield has a very large impact on milking parlor performance . Asindicated in Figure 1 cow throughput dramatically decreases as the milk yiel dlevel of cows increases . This illustrates a very important point that dairy pro -

6.30

6.10

5.90

5.70

H

5.1 0

4.90

4.70

4.501

- ■ D16

• D32

• D20

• D40-

1 .00

16.00

18.00

20.00

22.00

24 .1 0

Milk Yield Per Milking (lbs/cow)

Figure 1 . Parlor cow throughput in turns per hour as affected by milkyield level of cows.

ducers should realize when considering parlor performance--in order fo rparlor performance comparisons to be valid they must be made at the samemilk yield level . For example, performance of a double-20 can vary by over 3 0cows per hour depending on milk yield level . These considerations are alsoextremely important when you are striving to match your parlor capacit ywith your herd size. You should be aware that higher production wil ldecrease parlor cow throughput and extra parlor capacity should be

158

considered if management strategies (e .g ., use of BST) call for higher mil kproduction .

Conclusions

Important findings resulted from this investigation concerning parlorphysical performance :

1) parallel parlors outperformed similarly sized herringbone parlors interms of inputs processed (i .e., cows milked) and outputs produced (i .e .,milk output) ;

2) smaller parallel parlors (double-16, 20) operated more efficiently on a pe rstall basis in processing inputs and producing outputs than larger parlors(double-32, 40) ;

3) milking system operating characteristics had a large influence on parlo rperformance with performance enhanced by widening pulsation rati oand increasing vacuum;

4) the management strategy selected for operating large milking parlors, interms of milking procedures used and amount of milking labor, had asignificant impact on their performance with: a) increases in parlorperformance rapidly diminishing as increased amounts of milking labo rwere employed, and b) optimal amount of milking labor dependentupon milking procedures used with minimal milking procedure srequiring less milking labor and more intense premilking routinerequiring more milking labor ; and

5) parlor performance was highly dependent upon milk yield with parlo rperformance decreasing in terms of inputs processed, but increasing i nterms of outputs produced as milk yield increased. In addition to theimportant findings concerning the effects of these factors on parlo rperformance, it was also shown that measuring parlor performance i nterms of cow throughput must be done on an equal milk yield basis .

The economic analysis indicated that parlor designs, parlor size, milkin gsystem operating characteristics, and management strategies exert atremendous influence on the investment value of milking facilities. It wasfound that parallel parlors provided higher investment values thanherringbone parlors . When total parlor stalls were 64 stalls or greater, th eresults showed that multiple, small (2 double-16 or 2 double-20) paralle lparlors provided higher investment values than multiple, small (2 double-1 6or 2 double-20) herringbones or a single, large (double-32 or double-40 )parallel parlor . Operating the selected multiple, small parallel parlors at wid epulsation ratio (70 :30) and higher vacuum (15 .0 in Hg) provided the highes tinvestment value. Milking facility investment values were substantiall yhigher when management strategies employing minimal premilkin gprocedures (no predipping) and minimal labor (20-32 units/man) were used .

9323

31ST ANNUAL DAIRY PRODUCTION CONFERENC E

)5-06-94

OF PARTICIPANTS : 264

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932 331ST ANNUAL DAIRY PRODUCTION CONFERENCE

DATE : 05-06-94NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS : 264PAGE :

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LAST FIRST ADDRESS CITY ST ZIP ORGANIZATION/COMP A--------------- --------------- ----------------------------- - ------------- -KERBY MRS EVERETT 2762 W BEAVER ST JACKSONVILLE FL 32254 CONAGRA FEED C OKOPPEIN DICK BOX 124 DARLINGTON SC 29532 HARTSVILLE OIL MI LKUNKEL BILL ANIMAL SCI DEPT GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF F LLADUE TED HOFFMAN LAROCH ELARSON JOHN PO BOX 1242 OKEECHOBEE FL 34973 LARSON DAIRY INCLESTER DENNIS 18623 LESTERS DAIRY RD LAND 0 LAKES FL 34639 D W LESTER & SON SLEW LAURI BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDA-STILEWIS STEPHANIE PO BOX 1242 OKEECHOBEE FL 34973 LARSON DAIRY INCLOWE CARL RT BOX 603-2 MCALVIN FL 32062 SUWANNEE DAIR YLOWE JOSEPH RT 1 BOX 824 CALLAHAN FL 32011 PERRET DAIRY INCLUNDQUIST RICK PO BOX 35271 SARASOTA FL 34242 LUNDQUIST & ASSOC LLUZADER DAVE 3538 OLD STAGE LANE CLEVELAND TN 37312 GERMANIA DAIRY AUTIMACHADO ANGELICA BARAO DO PIRACICAMIRIM 1450 PIRACICABA 13416-150 DIAGNOS EMACHADO PAULO] AV PADUA DIAS 11 PIRACICABA SP 13416 UNIV SAO PAULOMANOKIAN KATHY MERCK AG VE TMAROTZKE MICHAEL RT 1 BOX 824 CALLAHAN FL 32011 PERRET DAIRY IN CMARSHALL SIDNEY ANIMAL SCI DEPT GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF F LMARTIN JAKE PO BOX 14728 GAINESVILLE FL 32604 CONSULTING ENGINEE FMARTIN TOMMY FRANKLIN LABSMATTSON EDWARD 28101 SW WARFIELD BLVD OKEECHOBEE FL 34974 MATTSON DAIRYMCIVER BILL ALLTEC HMESA AL 1400 N SEMORAN BLVD STE C4 ORLANDO FL 32807 MESA DAIRY FARMSMILLER ALISHA 300 INTL PRKWY STE 150 HEATHROW FL 32746 CENTRAL STATE ENTE RMOORE DOUG 12094 NEW BERLIN RD JACKSONVILLE FL 32226 M&M DAIRY INCMOORE RODNEY ABSMOORE RODNEY PO BOX 1757 LILBURN GA 30026 ABSMOREAU JOSEPH NARBCOMYERS ALFRED 1550 NE 208TH ST OKEECHOBEE FL 34972 MCARTHUR FARMS INCNATZKE ROGER BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORID ANELSON ARDEN R D #4 620 W HILL RD CORTLAND NY 13045 DAIRY PRODUCTION CONICKERSON NORM RT 1 BOX 305 WAUCHULA FL 33873 TAMPA IDF AOWEN FOSTER 355 FORSYTHIA CT AUBURN AL 3683 0PEAVEY CHIP 1234 LOYCE LANE DOUGLAS GA 31533 NUTRA-TECH ANIMAL H IPEAVEY CHIP 1234 LOYCE LANE DOUGLAS GA 31533 NUTRA-TECH ANIMAL H IPEDRICK ED PEDRICK ENTERPRIS EPEEPLES GARY PO BOX 24868 LAKELAND FL 33860 LAKELAND CASH FEE DPEEPLES ROD PO BOX 24868 LAKELAND FL 33802 LAKELAND CASH FEE DPETERSON TED PO BOX 875 WEBSTER FL 33597 MURPHY WHITE DAIRY 1PETTEYS JIM WESTERN HAYPHILLIPS EDDIE PO BOX 156 LIVE OAK FL 32060 J-LU FARM SPIEPENBRINK KURT SMITH KLINE BEECHAMPRATER PAUL PO BOX 635 LINCOLNTON GA 30817 WB FLEMIN GRAINEY MIKE 725 SE PEA RIDGE RD EATONTON GA 31024 BRIARPATCH HOLSTEIN :RAMIREZ VALERIE MACX FEED SRAY RANDY GRIFFIN INDUSTRIE SRECTOR MIKE DHIA BOARDREED JOEL PO BOX 357 TRENTON FL 32693 MIRACLE \ MCNESSREEVES MACK ECOLAB KLENZAD ERISCO CARLOS COLLEGE OF VET MED GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDAROBBINS HAROLD 1550 NE 208TH ST OKEECHOBEE FL 34972 MCARTHUR FARMS IN CRODRIGUEZ PEPE PO BOX 1209 PLANT CITY FL 33594 TAMPA INDEPENDENT DAROULEAU BRIAN 2576 EDISON AVE JACKSONVILLE FL 32204 GATEWAY SUPPLIERS I NROPES JULI-ANNE BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDA-STUDRUCKS JR SUTTON 6908 N HWY 98 OKEECHOBEE FL 34974 DRY LAKE DAIRY IN CRUSSELL ERNIE DIAMOND V MILLSRUTLEDGE GLYNN 3105 NE 128TH AVE OKEECHOBEE FL 34974 DAVIE DAIRY INCSAMPSON LUCY PO BOX 156 LIVE OAK FL 32060 J-LU FARMSSAULTOR MARK RT BOX 118 HIGH SPRINGS FL 32543 TUCKERSON HIGH SPRIN ISAUNDERS KEN RT 1 BOX 2263 O'BRIEN FL 32071 ALTMAN EQUIPMENT & S ISAUNDERS KEN BOU-MATI CSAYLOR DANA #1 ULTRAWAY HIGHLAND NC 62249 NUTRIBASICS

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OF PARTICIPANTS : 264

4

FIRS T

-------------- -

ADDRESS CITY ST ZIP ORGANIZATION/COMPANY

ERIC GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FL

(ERGER

MARK

NIK BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611

MILK RIT E

UNIV OF FLORIDA-STUDEN T

TREVOR RT 1 BOX 98 BELL FL 32619 N FLORIDA HOLSTEIN S

SANDYJAN PO BOX 100136 GAINEVILLE FL 32611

DF I

UNIV OF F L

SCOTT BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDA-STUDEN T

EUGENE BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDA-STUDEN T

BOB PO BOX 3790 BELLEVIEW FL 34420 FL DAIRY FARMERS ASSOC

FRED 2762 W BEAVER ST JACKSONVILLE FL 32254 CONAGRA FEED CO

KENNETH 23411 WHITMAN RD BROOKSVILLE FL 34601 T J SMITH & SON DAIRY INC

JIM PO BOX 248 THONOTOSASSA FL 33592 WALCO MBA SUPPL Y

MARY 5339 N ST RI 579 SEFFNER FL UNIV OF FL COOP EX T

DAVID RT 1 BOX 98 BELL FL 32619 N FLORIDA HOLSTEIN S

GENE 1312 DICKENSON DR CLEARWATER FL 34624 SOUTHERN MOLASSES CO

JACK

CHARLES BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611

ALFA LAVA LUNIV OF FLORIDA

DAVID 1234 LOYCE LANE DOUGLAS GA 31533 NUTRA-TECH ANIMAL HEALTH

GUY

VERNON

TIMOTHY PO BOX 309 BELL FL 32619

NOBA

P&C TEAT DI P

GEN FARM II I

JACK 5461 DOGWOOD LANE GAINESVILLE GA 30504 NUTRIBASICS

IS ESTHER BLOUNTSTOWN FL YODER FARMS

JULIE

DONALD RT 1 BOX 98 BELL FL 32619

PAUL MUELLER

N FLORIDA HOLSTEIN S

JOHN 8721 SW 50 RD GAINESVILLE FL 32608 NUTRITION SERV ASSO C

BIL L

SAM 3794 SW 56TH RD GAINESVILLE FL 32608

MERRILL EQUIPMEN T

FL DAIRY FARMERS ASSOC

CHUCK PO BOX 1287 OKEECHOBEE FL 34973 SYFRETT FEED CO

BILLY PO BOX 519 BELL FL 32619 GEN FARM

BOB 1302 SW 11TH ST LIVE OAK FL 32060 UNIV OF FLORIDA

ALAN PO BOX 1409 TIFTON GA 31793 W B FLEMING

BILL BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDA

DON

CRAIG BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611

DON THEMM ENTERPRISE

UNIV OF FLORIDA

ED PO BOX 1287 OKEECHOBEE FL 34973 SYFRETT FEED CO

DARYL 1111 S BELTLINE HWY 208 MOBILE AL 36606 HAAS CHEMICAL CO

JOE

RICK PO BOX 140155 ORLANDO FL 34639

MANA PRO

FL FRUIT & VEGETABLE ASSO C

SIMON

DALE 1775 RIDGE RD

FRUITLAND PARK

FABIUS

F LNY 13063

ALABERS MFG CO INC

EASTVIEW FARM S

JACK BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDA

JACK PO BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF F L

DOUGLAS PO BOX 38 WACISSA FL 32361 WALKER & SONS FARMS IN C

EMORY 208 SW 5TH AVE OKEECHOBEE FL 34974

KEVIN

PATTY

RENE E

ANNEKA

TERRY

DAN

PO BOX 38

PO BOX 38

PO BOX 38

RT 1 BOX 98

BOX 110920

WACISSA

WACISSA

WACISSA

BEL L

GAINESVILLE

FL 3236 1FL 3236 1FL 3236 1FL 32619

FL 32611

WALKER & SONS FARMS IN C

WALKER & SONS FARMS IN C

WALKER & SONS FARMS IN C

N FLORIDA HOLSTEIN S

US SUGAR COR P

UNIV OF FLORIDA

FT ASHELY BLOUNTSTOWN FL WESSELHOEFT FARM S

FT HEATHER BLOUNTSTOWN FL WESSELHOEFT FARM S

(FT HEIDI BLOUNTSTOWN FL WESSELHOEFT FARMS

FT MARY LOU BLOUNTSTOWN FL WESSELHOEFT FARMS

TT PAUL BLOUNTSTOWN FL WESSELHOEFT FARMS

FT PIERRE BLOUNTSTOWN FL WESSELHOEFT FARMS

BLU 10111 EAST FREEWAY HOUSTON TX 77029 COMMODITY SPECIALIST CO

PAUL 344 SW 16 AVE OKEECHOBEE FL 34974 WHITE FARMS IN C

CAROLYN RT 4 BOX 453 LIVE OAK FL 32060 H & W DAIR Y

LEWIS RT 4 BOX 453 LIVE OAK FL 32060 H & W DAIRY

16

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NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS : 264

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LAST FIRST ADDRESS CITY ST ZIP ORGANIZATION/COMPAI

--------------- --------------- ----------------------------- -

WHITLOW LON ANIMAL SCI DEPT RALEIGH NC NC STATE UNIV

WILCOX CHARLES BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDA

WILLIAMS LARRY PO BOX 24868 LAKELAND FL 33860 LAKELAND CASH FEED

WOODARD GREG PITTMAN MOOR E

WOODS ED NEBRASKA ALFALFAWRIGHT JOE PO BOX 1057 AVON PARK FL 33825 V&W FARMSWRIGHT SAM 2899 WISTERIA FARM RD GREEN COVE SPRINGS FL 32043 WISTERIA DAIRY

WRIGHT STEVE BOEHRINGER INGELHE I

YANCEY JR CLYDE 31025 BETTS RD MYAKKA CITY FL 34251 DOUBLE C DAIRY

YANT DANNY SELECT SIRES

YODER CAROLYN BLOUNTSTOWN FL YODER FARMS

YODER DAVID BLOUNTSTOWN FL YODER FARMS

YODER LORETTA BLOUNTSTOWN FL YODER FARMSYODER MARGARET BLOUNTSTOWN FL YODER FARMS

YODER MONROE BLOUNTSTOWN FL YODER FARMSYODER NAOMI BLOUNTSTOWN FL YODER FARMS

YODER STEVE BLOUNTSTOWN FL YODER FARMS

ZAHN CHUCK 1550 NE 208TH ST OKEECHOBEE FL 34972 MCARTHUR FARMS IN C

ZIGHELBOIM JAIME ELAN MILLSZUVER KATHY BOX 110920 GAINESVILLE FL 32611 UNIV OF FLORIDA-STUI

164