OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK (A guide to rush into the tour industry)

OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK

(A guide to rush into the tour industry)

Prepared by: Eskender Tesfaye

Yonas Alemu

2004/2011

1 Operational frame

CONTENTS

Operational Frame Work

Preface……………………………………………………………………………………

1. Knowing the key actors Visitors

5A’s Accommodation Attraction Amenities Accessibility Activities

2. What is needed for the operation? Resources

� Human resources � Material resources � Ideas � Next approach of the operation � The final frame work of the operation

3. The role of the tour operation company Role Responsibilities Develop an inclusive package holiday Use of advertizing Pre -preparation requirement

Conclusion

2 Operational frame

Preface

People began exploring and finding many places as their

needs and necessities elevate through time. As a part of

their life they work to satisfy their necessities; as the

story goes, people work harder beyond their potential.

So because of this and other reasons they began to be

irritated by the repetition of life. That was how the tour

and travel industry came to existence; as a relief for this

monotonous life. They began to give recreational

services to those who work restlessly. They began

travelling and discovering new places as though such a

deed was one decisive part of their life. From that

moment up to now, year after year, people have been

getting familiar to this side of life. That’s the platform

where the concept of tour service providing professionals

was born.

Most tour operational companies are categorized as a

service giving and taking industries. As a beginner or a

frame work for the operation, first, a tour company must

have its own motto or slogan. What most of the

international tour operators do besides choosing the

slogan is choosing a name for their venture that have a

familiarity to what environment they live. They also

write some main points about their company and the

name that they represent. As the task goes, the next and

the important role of these operations is to represent

the country with a good image, and give foreigners the

appraisal of the living and the cultural style of the

country. One of the tour operational ventures’

responsibilities is shaping the image of the country

through the Tour Guide who serves as a second

Ambassador of the country.

As little mentioned in the above, the tour operational

ventures need to have discovered their customers’

needs; the operation that they give; the key factor that

determine to give their services and products. Last but

not list is working to give their customers a true delight

and pleasure through quality service providing.

3 Operational frame

Knowing the key actors of the industry is a key for success. These concepts are

working in all service giving or other industry that have been engaged with profit. In

the tour operational service to find the key actors might take a considerable time. For

most of service giving industries the difficult thing is getting customers and building a

good reputation.

Visitors

The key actors of this industry are the visitors. To find them and to get their

trust takes a lot of time in this industry. As any other business, this one has its

own constraints, which in our case, is finding visitors.

How to find customers/Visitors?

Some of the must to do’s to find visitors:

Classifying a product: Mostly, a tour product is classified under numerous

categories including services. When we say classified

it might be by demography or other approaches.

Example, Cultural Immersion, historical tour,

rafting, food/wine touring, overland& safari,

trekking & hiking, wildlife& ecology…..

Developing webpages: You can say most of the tour companies use this

method as one of the tools to get visitors from

around the world. Most of these pages are developed

by professionals. The websites may contain a lot of

sections and articles. Then, after they have

completed creating the pages the one thing they

don’t usually do is updating.

(SEO)Search Engine Optimization: This method is the number one choice that

could be successful in this industry without

costing so much money. This means, the

operational agency updates and puts many key

words that help its page to be shown at the top

of the website when visitors from other corner of

the world Google to find a tour operation agency

in the country.

1. Know

ing the key actors

4 Operational frame

Demographic approaches: The operational venture might give a chance to reverse

the strategies by considering the capacity of the

company. Besides, this approach is one of the best

which depend on the point that we put above. The

company can divide the visitors as out bound,

inbound, national, domestic and international. The

company must see the available market and choose

from them and work on the best while evaluating the

market and reversing the strategies by bearing in mind

the advancement of the industry.

Attending an Exhibition /Expo: If the company or the venture that is about to be

opened has no problem of finance, following this 5th

approach might be the best and a win-win situation in

the industry. Because, attending as many expos as

possible shall pay off within a year or two. But we

need to know what kind of market we have and what

approach we must follow when we attend an expo,

otherwise we might be lost in both ways. In order to

know the key factors and get visitors we could mention

more points here. However, if well considered, these

shall be quite adequate.

5A’s

Accommodation

Accommodation is the vital key of the service giving industry. The

accommodation always includes those important services like hotel, BLD

(breakfast, lunch and dinner), professional guide, local guide, government

tax + vat, transfers, entrance fees, camping materials, transportations

etc…this section of the operation is done with the help of other service giving

industries like those we list above and other companies like that of car rental.

In other words, it might not be difficult as that of developing other part of the

service and the product.

Attraction

This is one of the 5A’s why tourists/ visitors come to see other nations other

than their own homeland. Attractions are what hold the visitors. The

5 Operational frame

artifacts, the cultural sites, the villages, the museums, the national parks,

the safaris, the market places, the monuments, the fossils, the remaining

parts of the histories, the libraries, the event sites, the historical sites,

bird watching places, the trekking and hiking places, the preserved and

the documentation areas… the attraction places are must be written and put

in good language and smart use of words that can attract the visitors attention.

It shall make them experience a feeling of regret for not having been to such a

place. So, it will be the task of the operational venture to promote and give a

lot of emphasis to the attractions more than the accommodation section.

Amenities/facilities

These are also one of the 5A’s concepts that might have an interconnection

with those of the accommodation. But this might little differ from

Accommodation. The facilities can give a help for any tour operational ventures

by giving the latest update of the current situation like that of Tourism

Commission, Tour Operators association, and Travel Information Desks.

There are also other governmental and private offices that provide tourists

facilities.

The facilities may include that of tourist guide book, brochures and books. It

also might be ready by the agency like that of giving a value added services

that might consider as other Services/Amenities.

Accessibility Accessibility is also one of the 5A’s that the operational ventures must consider

it as a vital point. Accessibility might be divided as its mode of transportation:

air, surface, water and rail. For the tour operation activities these are the big

vital points that must be chosen by the operators to operate their expeditions.

Activities

This section deals with the venture employee’s effort, ability and mostly the

knowledge that they applied to deliver the Ss. The activity is the part of the

tour packages that you give to your client. The most thing that it makes it vital

as the other is, this activity is the sum of all 4A’s: the Accommodation, the

Accessibility, the attraction and the amenities. At the end, the company

6 Operational frame

may sale it as a Tour Package/itinerary. The operation also may focus on

customizing the tour packages as the customers/visitors put it and give the

inclusive price/inclusive tour by comparing and assessing the tour and the

travel market. So, for the operational frame, as key factors, this fifth A is vital

to the venture operation to put product and sell it at the market.

Finally, the venture might need to combine the 5A’s and turn them into Tour

Packages or what we call Itinerary.

Resources As any other industry the operation needs resources to get the operation going

on the pavement. Here are a few of them:

�� Human resources: For tour operational activities we need one major foundation which, in this case, is the Tour Manager. Tour

Operator is a mandatory structure. As an option you may add Tour

Guide, Travel Writer, Driver, Marketer and other mandatory office

staffs like Secretary, Accountant, Managing Director… Mostly, besides

the Mandatory personnel, you can hire the others staff as a freelance

from time to time. But, if the venture has visitors/clients continuously

coming, you might consider converting the optional to the mandatory.

�� Material resources: the material aspect is not much different

from what the other industries use as common stationeries. Personal

Computer (PC), Internet /dial up/ CDMA/EVDO, telephones, guide

books, Broachers, business cards, map, Cars…etc. �� Ideas: ideas are the blood lines of this operation. If the operation has

got ideas after ideas it might lead the operation to success. So, the

major thing the venture might have to consider is classifying the services

and the product.

�� Next approach of the operation: we have put finding a client as a first priority. The next approaches will be giving the pledging

2. What is needed for the operation?

7 Operational frame

services that you put on the tour packages. This approach might vary

and divert by the approach and the client that you have. Giving the

services, building a mutual relation; choosing the services for the

type of the customer that you have at your hand; keeping in touch

with the client you have and the client that you gone have; finding a

liable partner; building other marketing strategies; finding another

approach other than you get profit before, evaluating the mistakes

and the good work that the venture has done so far, preparing the

next long term strategies of the venture, changing the market that

the company uses before etc…

�� The final frame work of the operation: the final frame work

will attach all things that we put above.

Tour Operation

Key Actors

Visitors 5A’s Tour Operators

Tour Manger

Tour Operators

Tour Guide

Travel Writer

Driver

Attraction

Accommodation

Amenities

Accessibility

Activities

Individual Group

8 Operational frame

Tour Operation

Tour Manager

Managing director

Tour Operators

Tour Guide Driver Travel Writer

Local Guide Site Guide Professional Guides

Specialist Guides

Formal office personals

Secretary

Accountant

Marketing

Human resource

9 Operational frame

Role

The main roles of these tour operational industries are,

•••• Giving service + product

•••• Giving a new experience

•••• Promoting the nation to others

•••• Being a cultural ambassador

•••• Protecting the environment

•••• Promoting and experiencing an ecological life

•••• Interpreting and developing multiplier effects

•••• Giving the company a profit

•••• Showing good possible ways of finding customers/client

•••• Assessing market

•••• Creating events

•••• Attending expos…..

Responsibilities

•••• Promoting and upgrading sustainability

•••• Avoiding cultural invasion

•••• Be a good role model to others AGT

•••• Taking care of one’s properties like your owns

•••• Harmonizing tourism

•••• Preserving the attraction sites

•••• Promoting and advertising the venture product and services

Developing an inclusive package holiday •••• By combining the 5A’s developing packages

•••• Giving the applicable price for the tour

•••• Developing the itinerary

•••• Travel information ( pre-tour preparation, post-tour preparation, and

tour preparation and wardrobes,)

•••• Information about the attraction places

3. The role of the tour operation

al compan

y

10 Operational frame

•••• Preparing different types of tour category (historical circuit, cultural,

trekking, excursions, undersized sized tour, combinations,

pilgrimage…..)

•••• Considering the inclusive Ss price to the client with in a best unit price

•••• Giving the client that what you pledge for

•••• Giving the best amount of price to the customer

•••• Searching for a new destination and give a new life experience to the

clients.

Use of advertising •••• Finding an advertising method •••• Using the appropriate media that are television, radio, websites,

newspapers, magazines, guidebooks etc…

•••• Use the Internet as 1st choice of advertizing

•••• Social networks (Face Book, Twitter, Google+, free travel pages,

Blogger, link exchange, trip advisors, other travel tweet social

pages …..)

•••• Use SEO( Search Engine Optimizations)

•••• Broachers, booklet, catalog, magazines, business card, websites, t-

shirts, pens, travel books, guide books, billboard, broadcasting

medias, Google…..

•••• Attending an Expo

•••• Giving your product as free for the first clients by considering your

capacity

Pre -preparation requirement •••• Confirmation

•••• Re-confirmation

•••• Ready the day to day activities (Itinerary)

•••• Checking the tour materials that is going to be used in the field

•••• Making tour reports (Expense reports, damage reports, day to day

activity recorded sheet, guide sheet, driver log sheet…..)…..


Conclusions

All the above mentioned facts, therefore, in order to

succeed and be at the top of this industry, must be not

only kept in mind but be applied as per the actual

circumstances may allow. Knowing the key actors in

the industry eases the way to success. Visitors or

tourists are the crucial part of the industry without

whom the business could not have survived. For this

matter, a special care should be given to customers.

Finding customers through a well-organized connection

and building a good reputation of the company is also a

very important aspect of the industry that needs to be

taken care of. Good reputation can only be built by

providing quality service and excellent communication

strategies. Promoting the attraction sites must be given

a serious attention.

Human and material resources are also quite important

for the industry to grow fast. These must be managed

well by the tour operator. Creativity, above all, should

be given priority. The more creative the company, the

more will it attract customers.

Knowing the roles of the tour operating company, its

responsibilities, development strategies, and excellent

use of advertisements are things of great value for the

proper function of the operating venture.


Yonas Alemu

2004/2011



Yonas Alemu

2004/2011

[Project Focused Frame Work: Part I] [This project focused frame work contains the major strategic plans and market analysis systems of the

tour and travel industry in Ethiopia.]


CONTENTS

Project focused Frame Work

Preface……………………………………………………………

1. Excursions Implementations What makes it different from the other Expeditions Category International context/Approaches National Context/Approaches

2. Short term Strategic plans Figuring out the market Market Analysis Categorizing the MKT analysis

� Demographic � Economic � Life style � Motives/the trigger

Putting the final figures by considering the MKT analysis � Product+ Ss

� Value added pdt

3. Market feasibility Analysis of profit & lose Product and Ss classifications Revising and reversing MKT strategic Finding a core customers Promotion & advertizing New pdt & new ideas

Conclusion


Preface

As the concept of tourism is gaining vast and narrow

places in the mind of business industries professionals

and investors are beginning to focus on what services

and products they can provide. In other words, the

professionals are starting to classify and categorize their

products to be different from each other. But the one

thing that makes them one is the destination that they

work toward. They may work on different MKT directions

to give their services but at the end of the day they all

deliver the same product as the one they compare. This

is the big concept that leads the travel industry to the

other level that service giving industry has never seen.

To find the key actors like the customer / what we call it

‘the traveler’ /’the visitor’ /’the tourist’ the first

thing that they do is they categorize or give a lot of

name to the products and the services that are seen

different by the eyes of the product taker.

One of the services giving industry tourism is having a

sub-division and category like that of the other service

giving industry. They begin from the small duration type

of Expedition called Excursions. When we come to our

project focused approaches we will work on the project

of ‘Excursions’. As the name indicates excursion is one

type of expedition which is a short journey made for a

particular purpose like religious/pilgrimages, Cultural

Immersion, historical tour, rafting, food/wine touring,

overland& safari, trekking & hiking, wildlife& ecology,

voluntary Ss…


Implementations

When we came to the implementations the one thing that makes this category so easy

to implement is the duration. For this case we might list many points…the one thing

that makes this category unique again the products and services are so simple and

precise. The points that must be considered to implement this kind of expeditions are

beginning from the duration/time interval. Here are some of the lists (the

considerable points before giving the Ss + pdt)

� Duration: duration/time consumption is the one thing that any pdt

wants. In the case of Excursion we need a particular short

period that might be half day, a full day / hours that are

divided into 1hrs-3hrs. When we do these expeditions most

of it last up to a day not more than a days as the definitions

indicates.

� The destinations: this is the concept that works international and the reverse. The destinations that are consider for

this kind of journeys are more enterable than giving

a lot of emphasis about the history and the culture

of that endogenous places that are visited,

recreational center, Amusement parks, big shop

mall, souvenir, galleries, parks, beaches,

nightlife’s ….are the best places that are advice for

this kind of short trips…museums may can include by

seeing the type of client that the venture got.

� Types of Visitors: one of the beauties of this travel and tour industries are the type of customer you got. The

others matter that affect your choice of the short

particular day trip is type of client, but you have to

remember that this customers are stay with for

12hrs/24hrs period of time. So, you have to make

them entertain than giving them a lot of knowledge

and information about the place they went but,

don’t forget to give the important information that

you should have to give them. You may classified

them by the style of Ss and pdt they choose, by

the age, by there interest, the type of tour that

they choose …

1. Excursion

s


Final points considered for the implementations

The core points that you have to consider are the lists that are elaborated in the

above. For the extra but as you add them as one of the core the venture might

consider the national context means the capacity/ the potential that the area that

they got beside that of the venture have. So, in simple form to implement you have to

add up these Ss and pdt set ups Duration, types of Tour, destinations, types of

visitors, types Ss+ pdt, price units and other venture new ideas that they consider

to implement it.

What makes it differ from the other Expeditions

� The time interval/Durations

� Destinations � The Consumptions/the inclusive price/ the price unit

� The experience � The Ss+ product � The visitors ( most of it choose by a business traveler, a VIP’s ,

government delegators, writers, students, government

employee, Diplomats …)

� It asks a verities of ideas for the Ss + the pdt that you provide � The expense might be too high than the other types of tour that the

venture actually use to implement

� The tasks � Every times it’s need a new destinations and new experiences

� Need more promotion and activities

� Need to built repetition � A high consumption + few human resources

� The venture can easily loss his reputation by this kind of tour activities with in a micro second and the venture can not

compensate with in a small period of duration, but in the other

type of tour you might compensate the Ss that you miss with the

other pdt and Ss b/c the tour packages may allowed you a lot of

time interval….but in this case you might get a half day /full day

communication with your client.


Category

As to categorize the excursions, you must consider the vital concept that we put the

above Duration/Time interval. The one thing that makes excursion so choice able is

the flexibility and the precise of the expeditions…. You might consider the vital point

and make your excursion journey a religious/pilgrimages, Cultural Immersion,

historical tour, rafting, food/wine touring, overland& safari, trekking & hiking,

wildlife& ecology, voluntary Ss…and others. For to categorized you also need to

consider the 5A’s of the industry.

� Undersized Tour: this can be one of the category, most of

The time what makes them the same is

the duration, but in these cases what

makes them the same is the type. This

type of journey are apply with in the

duration of 1,2and 3days. It can be any

type of tour that we mansion it. The one

thing that is going to hold him is the

mode of Ss that it going to use for such a

journey.

� Extensions Tours: this type of tours are use to extend the original/core tour packages. Also

advised to be not longer than 3- 4day’s

b/c the original tour that you gave for

your visitors might be 20 day’s or more

than that. Always it is advice that the

extended tour must not be greater than

3and 4day’s by calculating the Ss and

the pdt that your venture deliver. Let’s have an example: Tour code: Company Name + Numerical Code (ET-100/01) Duration: Days +Type of Tour + Mode of Accessibility (02 Days /01 Nights /under sized Tour / by Surface) Route: Origin/Destinations Addis/ADD – Awassa- Langano -Wondogenet - Addis/ADD (National Context) Addis/ADD – x/Rome /FCO- London/ LON “LHR” (International Context)


Tour code: Company Name + Numerical Code (ET- EXT802 (Op1)) Duration: Days +Type of Tour + Mode of Accessibility (12 Days /11 Nights/ by surface) Route: Origin/Destinations Simien mountain trek Addis/ADD- Simien mountain trek - Addis/ADD Optional Axum/AXU and Lalibela/LLI Extension

When we see these examples it shows us that the Durations,

The Origin/Destinations, the Tour code, the Route/circuit, are calculated to be

within the gaps of the 1and 2 days intervals. These might be used as under the

category of excursions within the classification of undersized tour. It might also be

used as an extension tour for the core/ the original tour that the company offer, also

the company can give it as a value added pdt / seal it as an original tour

packages.

International context/Approaches

Internationally all tourism professionals agree that excursion might differ destination

to destination but the one thing that they all do in this approach is getting new

project ideas and innovating the tourism sector potentials. The ideas might

involve creating new places, classifying, giving many type pdt as much possible.

The one thing that the international or the global tourism MKT approach uses the

same MKT mix principle by considering the current situation they all have. Most

companies use setting 4P’s market mix which is Product, Price, Place and

Promotion.

� Product: mostly, in the case of excursion the global tourism MKT

doesn’t do many jobs as much as it has done to the other

category of the tour services and products its offer. When we ask

why? The answer is not as such difficult as the other approaches.

The reasons begin from the Visitors/ what we call it tourist

doesn’t have any experience or travel to that place in short they

will consider it as “a first comer” so, they will serve him the

same product and services that the other offer but they will see

the capacity and change their approaches as the MKT

opportunity vary. In all they didn’t give an attention to the

excursions product b/c of the length of stay, the expense, the

consumption, by considering the side of profit and others

staffs…


� Price: with the reasons we point out, the price of this tour category is measured by the length of stay. By that it might

have little expensive. But if the tour operational ventures are

new in MKT they might offer you a pleasing price to promote

their company. But when you come to the well-known

companies that have a good reputation and a lot of clients they

may not be friendly as the one that they gave of the

complement price. Because of this and other problems the

honey pot areas might not be easily affordable for the

budgeted tourists. May if the destination got a lot of MKT

competitor you might get a price.

� Place: place is where your product will be displayed or your product and your service is made. In the context of tourism it

might be little different from the others we have seen above.

Place might be considered as a pdt means that you pledge for

you customer. It might be the place and the site/the attraction

places that you might promise him. So, place might put in the

form of pdt for the global tourism sector professionals. But in

the case of a normal MKT approaches place might be the 3rd P

that you may need to put 1st and 4th P together.

� Promotion: for our focused frame work which is “Excursion” we

don’t need to put a lot of promotional efforts but, if we are one

of the daily base excursion Ss and pdt giving venture we may

need to focus on the type of Visitors, the mode that we give

the 5A’s, the promotional channel , MKT target, the back up

plan and idea/new ideas, new destinations, day to day frame

works, use the known promotional medias (television, radio,

websites, newspapers, magazines, guidebooks, Broachers,

booklet, catalog, magazines, business card, websites, t-

shirts, pens, travel books, guide books, billboard,

broadcasting medias, Google) …others. Most of the global

tourism ventures use these methods. But for them this category

of tour is just added for their Ss.


National Context/Approaches “ Ethiopia”

Our country is one of the honey pot areas for tourism sectors; many tourists write a

lot about Ethiopia with their travel diary and guides books. When we come to the

category excursions, Ethiopia has a lot of potential with regarded to small and

particular one day trips and journeys. The ventures may classify the excursion by

the:-

� Demographic platform: of the country (The Northern part:

Historical Attraction) (The Southern part: Cultural Attraction)

(The western part: Scenery & Bird life Attraction) (The

Eastern part: Adventure and natural Attraction)

� Accommodation platform: the company/venture may only give

the rental, the hotel accommodation and reservation, the

guide or the accessibility…

� Price platform: these might need the help from the

demographic meaning the one that all the four divisions that we

classify may not be expensive at all by the position and the

situation they may be dealt with. But, by making the Ss we give

more brooded we can give them price oriented pdt.

� Life style platform: this concept is used in many services giving

industries. Meaning, by looking the capacity of the national

clients we can divide our customers by their class: the Luxury

style traveler, social/Middle class traveler, backpacker

traveler and budget traveler. By giving the same Ss but giving

a different 3A’s (Accommodation, Accessibility and Amenities)

the company definitely will gain the big price by following this

4th platform.

� Separating Ss from pdt platform: this kind of approach have

to done smoothly b/c the company might loss its reputation +

the client that it has in its hand. When we say separating the Ss

from the pdt is such an easy task you may give the only Ss

platform like renting the car, giving a consulates, giving one

of the 5A’s. When we say separating the pdt it means just

sealing the last outcome like just showing the place with out

giving the Ss that is to get to the place. In short separating the

entire core Ss from all the vital pdt and make it more


commissionable /profitable from each Ss and pdt that can’t be

separated. As we put it in the above, we should be so careful

and cautious when we do this platform b/c it is the duty of the

operational company to give the full core Ss and pdt to the

customer. It is a little bit dangerous but it is excellent MKT

strategy that most of highly profitable ventures of the century

use.

� Idea generating platform: this is the best and the vital/core

for success for any venture, project or name what ever

profitable venture that survives today. By considering the

above points and others that the company sees the MKT target.

A short term strategic plan is a project plan that is different from the long strategic

plan. In this case, the short term strategic plans help us to point out the core MKT

sense and the product providers. Most of its short term plan works to resolve the

weak part of the venture that has been implemented through the year. So, in the case

of this kind of particular focus project the venture must focus on the highway to get

out of the wrong direction to the condition of the short term plan. The advantageous

thing is that you can manage the impact in the short interval and revise your strategy

plans the way how it should be going in the pavement. In this plan we fraction out the

pavement plan and step to the MKT approach. What makes it different from the other

strategies is that the figures are put in simple form of core approaches.

Figuring out the market

For the MKT of ETH/ET/ETHIOPIA “Excursion” may sound the jargon of the industry.

It might be different story, however, when we come to the practice. It may be

practical way beyond we think. In other words, the 3.5 or 5 million people practice a

weekend outgaining in every Friday-Sunday intervals with day to day lives. So, what

the venture got to do is finding these anonymous group and invite them by the

different Services but, give them same product they use first. When this concert

platform is done the next thing that the venture must have to do is alerting the

client in every chance they get, give the credit to the client, searching their

interests, asking their opinions, giving them an affordable/ good price. Ethiopia

have a lot of out going places for the one she embraced and the one she offers, so by

classifying the customer we can figure the MKT very easily. It might be by Age, Life

2. Short term Strategic plans


style, Status, the type of personality (Entreating, Educational, Volunteer, pilgrim,

Explorer...).

Market Analysis

Market Analysis is one of the factor keys for the success, birth, growth and decline

of a pdt. When we see the MKT analysis behind the scene of excursion we can say it is

a little bit upsetting.

To get the MKT analysis first we should consider these points.

� The product � Clients/customer/visitors/ tourists � The Ss+ Pdt + value added pdt � The current MKT statue � Planning a revised strategies � New products � The targeted MKT � What does the MKT offer than the one in the MKT

• classification

� Students

� Group visitors/tourists

� Independent travelers

� Voluntary Service providers

� NGO’s

� Couples

� Family vacation traveler

� Vacation travelers

� Event travelers

� Pilgrimage travelers

� Graduation travelers

� Research travelers …..

• Finding interests by

� Age

� Life style

� Status

� Personality

• Using the formal MKT Mix

OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK (A guide to rush into the tour industry)

Marketing

Transcript of OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK (A guide to rush into the tour industry)