Operational Experience with FANS 1/A ADS and CPDLC
description
Transcript of Operational Experience with FANS 1/A ADS and CPDLC
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Operational
Experience
with
FANS 1/A
ADS and
CPDLC
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
WHAT IS FANS 1?
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1FIRST INSTALLATIONS ON 747-400 PROVIDED SIX SERVICES
• GPS NAVIGATION : RNP accuracy, Global time
• AFN : Air Traffic Facilities Notification
• CPDLC : Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
• ADS : Automatic Dependent Surveillance
• AOC : Airline Operational Communication
• RTA : Required Time of Arrival
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1 : GPS NAVIGATION
• Global coverage from GPS satellites
• Coupled to Flight Management System
• Accurate - to RNP specifications
• Also provides global time reference– for navigation and ADS time stamping
The improved navigation capability brings operational benefits in its own right
• wider range of alternate aerodromes -> less alternate fuel• reduced ATC separations (based on RNP criteria)
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1 : AFN
• AFN - Air Traffic Facilities Notification
• A process for flight crew to log on with their aircraft address to the initial ATC centre using that centre’s 4 letter ICAO identifier
• AFN logon provides to the ATC system the names, versions & addresses of airborne applications
• ATC handover can forward the aircraft address to the ‘next data authority’ (next ATC centre)
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1 : CPDLC
• Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
• Predetermined standard message set
– defined in RTCA DO-219
• FANS 1 does not support all DO-219 messages
– some messages automatically arm/load the FMS
– some messages automatically extract FMS data
• Free text messages are also possible
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1 : ADS• Automatic Dependent Surveillance
• ATC centre establishes ‘contracts’ with aircraft– periodic and ‘event’ triggered reports to ATC– future FMS points as well as present positions– use event contracts to assure conformance to flight plan
– rather than frequent periodic position reports
• On demand ‘one shot’ reports are also available
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1 : AOC
• AOC = Airline Operational Communications
• Flight Plans, winds can be uplinked to FMS
• Flight Plan, position etc can be downlinked
• Plus requests up to crew, down to airline
• Reference - ARINC 724
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1 : RTA
• RTA = Required Time of Arrival
• Allows crew to specify Required Time of Arrival at a waypoint
• FMS then controls aircraft to achieve this target
– 4D navigation : x, y ,z(altitude), t(time)
• Used in Australia with ATM tactical flow management automation - ATC gives pilot a time to arrive at a ‘feeder fix’
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA’S AIRSPACE
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Australia is responsible for one ninth of the world’s airspace
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Australian airspace compared to Europe
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Australian and Adjacent FIRs
Melbourne FIR
Brisbane FIR
Fiji
NZ Ocean
NZ
Honiara
Nauru(FAA)
Oakland FIR
IndonesiaNewGuinea
ManilaFIR
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
The Australian ATC EnvironmentThe Australian ATC Environment
75E
Approximately 5000 nm
2S
163E
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
OPERATIONAL USE OF ADS AND CPDLC IN AUSTRALIA
• CPDLC with Flight Progress boards– used in Pacific oceanic airspace Aug 96 to Aug 99
• CPDLC with ADS and Air Situation display– ATM system - no paper strips /flight progress boards– used since Aug 99– initially in Pacific oceanic airspace– now available all non radar continental airspace and
Indian Ocean
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA’S ATM SYSTEM
THE AUSTRALIAN ADVANCED AIR TRAFFIC SYSTEM
(TAAATS)
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
TAAATSBrisbane
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
TAAATS Melbourne - Control Room
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Air Situation
Display (ASD)
Auxiliary
DisplayVoice
Switching and Control
System (VSCS)
Metrad Information
TAAATS Controller Workstation
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
• One console for all ATC roles
- Radar
- Non-radar
- Executive
- Planner
• No paper strips
• Plan view display of all aircraft
KeyKeyFeaturesFeatures
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Radar Data Processing & DisplayRadar Data Processing & Display
Radar Data Processor
Radar positionsRadar positions
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
ADS & CPDLC Processing
Automatic Dependent Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS) Surveillance (ADS)
( positions( positions ) )
& Controller / Pilot Data & Controller / Pilot Data Link (CPDLC)Link (CPDLC)
FANS 1 andATN interfaces
ADS Processing & DisplayADS Processing & Display
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
ADS TracksADS Tracks• Displayed track position based on ADS reports
– Periodic Reports with projected intent
– Waypoint Change Reports
• Displayed track position based on ADS reports– Periodic Reports with projected intent
– Waypoint Change Reports
B
D
E
ADS Periodic Reporta) Position Ab) Fixed projected intent group B, (lat/long, alt, time)
ADS Periodic Reporta) Position Bb) Fixed projected intent group D (lat/long, alt, time)c) Intermediate intent group : Vector B to C
A C
ADS periodic reporta) Position Db) Fixed projected intent group (E)
Extrapolated position symbol ADS Waypoint Change Reporta) Position Cb) Next waypoint ( lat/long, alt, time)c) Next waypoint +1 (lat/long, alt)
Actual position symbol
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
...
B
CA
E
F
D
ALPHA at 1205, flight level 330, estimating CHARLIE at 1236...
Flight Plan Track Processing & DisplayFlight Plan Track Processing & Display
Pilot position report for point A and estimate for point C
Displayed track positions for A to B to C based on the pilot's position report
D to E to F based on flight planned track, true air speed,
and forecast winds
entered by the controller
Estimates for positions
Flight Plan Track Positions
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
An Integrated ATM An Integrated ATM SystemSystem
Flight Notification
Radar, ADS & Flight Data ProcessorsRadar
Positions
Pilot
Intentions
Position Reports
(ADS, CPDLC or Pilot)
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
• World wide coverage by satellite and VHF radio data links
• Standardised messages + free text
• Links to FMS & ATC computers
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Airline AOC
(2)New route data up-linked (based on new wind data)
TAAATS(4) Visualise route proposed(5) Edit/revise(6) Conflict probe(7) Transmit clearance in lat/long(8) Update FDP
(7)Cleared route up-linked via CPDLCfor auto loading into FMS
Re-route Clearance via Data LinkRe-route Clearance via Data Link
(3)Pilot requests clearance,expressed in lat/longs,via CPDLC down-link
(1) New weather data
(8)WILCO triggers FDP update
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
OPERATIONAL APPLICATION OF ADS• Position reporting
– Basic ADS reports
• Position extrapolation between position reports– based on Projected Intent, Earth Vector etc reports
• Automatic Flight Level monitoring– based on Vertical Event Contracts (with ATM system processing)
• Automatic Route Adherence monitoring– based on Lateral Event Contracts
• Automatic waypoint passing reporting– based on Waypoint Event Contracts (FDP automatically updated)
• Automatic Flight Plan Consistency (FLIPCY) check– based on readout from FMS of next two waypoints
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
IMPACT OF ADS ON SEPARATION STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES
• ADS can be used in lieu of voice or CPDLC position reports
• ADS can be used to establish aircraft clear of crossing tracks
• ADS can be used to establish aircraft maintaining a level
• ADS can be used to monitor the new 50RNAV separation standard
• Work is proceeding towards introducing a 30NM separation standard
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Cleared Level Adherence Monitoring (CLAM) allowed levels
Flight plan cleared levels
A/C trajectory
Detected by event contract trigger
ADS Event Contracts for Monitoring Flight LevelADS Event Contracts for Monitoring Flight Level
ADS Event Contract Level Thresholds
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Radar and ADS Processing
Flight Plan route
Entry Point
Aerodrome
RAM: Typically 30Nm radius
RAM: 10Nm
RAM: unpublished : 10nm published : 5 nm
RAM: 10Nm
Route Adherence Monitoring (RAM)Warning provided if aircraft outside current flight plan routebased on radar detection, ADS position and Lateral deviation reports
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Checking of Flight Plan ConsistencyChecking of Flight Plan Consistency(FLIPCY)(FLIPCY)
Flight Plan route& tolerances
Aerodrome
Warning provided if aircraft FMS route is outside current FDP flight plan route
ARCWQFA09330 450
ADS message reported route
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Radar & ADS Data ProcessingDanger Area Infringement Warning (DAIW)
Disallowed for• Offline defined SSR codes• Defined callsigns• Supervisor Selected workstations
Track must be coupled to plan• Not In “hold” state• Track must have mode C
Cleared flight level usage• Use CFL as cap, unless rate of climb/descent indicates otherwise or if already passed through CFL
Provided as a Safety net only.
50 DAIW areas16 point polygons, 2nm resolutionActivation times managed bysupervisor/airspace reservation (4 activity periods)
Look ahead timeTyp 90 secs
Lower FL
Upper FL
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE
ADS & CPDLC STATISTICS
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1/A AIRCRAFT• QANTAS
• United Airlines
• Air New Zealand
• Ansett Australia
• Singapore Airlines
• Cathay Pacific
• Thai International
• Malaysian Airlines
• Korean Airlines
• Emirates
• South African Airlines
• Future plans- FedEx (MD10)- Korean Air (747, 777)
• Test aircraft-Boeing, Airbus
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FANS 1/A AVIONICS TESTINGThe aircraft types listed below have used Australian
ground systems for avionics certification testing
• B747-400
• B777
• B717
• C17
• MD 10
• A340
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
LOGONS PER MONTH6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
CPDLC UPLINKS6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
TOP TEN UPLINKSTHE TOP TEN UPLINK MESSAGES
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
[icaofacilitydesignation][tp4table]
END SERVICE
[freetext]
NEXT DATA AUTHORITY[icaofacilitydesignation]
AT [position] CONTACT[icaounitname][frequency]
CONTACT [icaounitname][frequency]
SQUAWK [beaconcode]
CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN [level]
AT [position] MONITOR[icaounitname][frequency]
REQUEST POSITION REPORT
CLEARED TO DEVIATE UP TO[distanceoffset][direction] OF ROUTE
JUL
JUN
MAY
APR
MAR
FEB
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
CPDLC DOWNLINKS6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
TOP TWELVE DOWNLINKSTHE TOP TWELVE DOWNLINK MESSAGES
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
WILCO
POSITION REPORT [positionreport]
[versionnumber]
ROGER
[freetext]
[icaofacilitydesignation]
REQUEST CLIMB TO [level]
CLIMBING TO [level]
ERROR [errorinformation]
DUE TO AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE
REQUEST WEATHER DEVIATION UP TO [distanceoffset][direction] OFF ROUTE
REACHING LEVEL
JUL
JUN
MAY
APR
MAR
FEB
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
CPDLC - WEATHER DEVIATIONSBrisbane Centre - 6 months to July 2000
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL
WX DEVIATION requests - STANDBY replies - UNABLE replies
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
PDC UPLINKS6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
ADS UPLINKS PER MONTH6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
ADS UPLINK MESSAGESMessage Delivery Times - 6 Months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
ADS DOWNLINKS PER MONTH
6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
DOWNLINKS : ADS PERIODIC REPORTSMessage Delivery Times - 6 Months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
TOTAL UPLINKS PER MONTH6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
TOTAL DOWNLINKS PER MONTH6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
TOTAL (UPLINKS + DOWNLINKS)6 months to July 2000
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE
SOME CPDLC MESSAGES
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FREE TEXT WELCOME MESSAGE
The following free text uplink message is sent to each FANS 1 aircraft as it enters Australian airspace
“MSG_NO*169*ADS OPERATIONAL. NO FURTHER CPDLC POSITION REPORTS REQUIRED THIS FIR”
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
AN ACTUAL CPDLC EXCHANGE
• UPLINK from ATC“MSG_NO*169*ADS OPERATIONAL. NO FURTHER CPDLC POSITION REPORTS REQUIRED THIS FIR”
• DOWNLINK response from pilot“MSG_NO*67*UNDERSTAND NO POS REP REQUIRED WHAT DOES CPDLC STAND 4 TQ”
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT
(a freetext route clearance request from Sydney to Los Angeles!)
“Flight No. Registration Sun Apr 23 01:04:05 2000MSG_NO*67*REQUEST DIR DOVOM.TERUX.S21E180.KILAN.DARMA.SAPIX.PASSA.QUIGG.SANTA.CANOL.BELAN.AHNDO.WEDES.LAX”
(Flight No. and Registration removed for anonymity - this is a real message received by Brisbane in April)
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT
• Sending WILCO in freetext instead of using MSG 0 “WILCO” in response to an uplink
“Flight No. Registration Fri Jun 2 22:58:43 2000MSG_NO*67*WILCO”
• This response defeats the ATC system automation which may be programmed to use receipt of the MSG 0 “WILCO” to automatically update the flight data processing record. Freetext is not recognised.
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
HOW NOT TO USE FREETEXT• Appending free text to the end of a position
report “Flight No. Registration Fri Jun 2 22:58:43 2000MSG_NO*48*POSITION REPORT*27*26.100MINS*S*157*54.200MINS*E*3H51M*320FL*HEELA*4H*7M*BEAGL*11H50M*-37Deg_C*266Deg*100kNOTS*0.84mACH*POVOP*3H*51M*320FLMSG_NO*67*REQUEST CLIMB FL340 TKS”
• The position report automatically updates the FDP; the controller probably missed the freetext on the end of the position report
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
SOME AIRLINE BENEFITS FROM FANS 1
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
North Pacific Jetstreams - 00Z
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
North Pacific Jetstreams - 12Z
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Winds at FL390
• Clockwise circulation north of the equator
• Anticlockwise circulation south of the equator
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Most Fuel Efficient Routing
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FLEXTRACKS
• Minimum fuel track between a city pair
• Recalculated each day using forecast weather
– Track Definition Message published
– aircraft may plan this route
• Used for some years Los Angeles - Sydney, Los Angeles - Auckland
65AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Flextrack Savings
12
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
DARPS(Dynamic Airborne Route Planning System)
• On Pacific long haul routes (14 - 16 hours), a new forecast can become available one or two hours into the flight
• A new minimum fuel route may offer benefits over the current flextrack
• The new route can be uplinked via datalink, downlinked as a clearance request, and if approved used to update both the FMS & FDP
• DARPS have been in operational use in the South Pacific since March 1999.
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
USER PREFERRED ROUTING• Each aircraft can plan an individually
optimised route• not only taking into account winds, but also the
individual aircraft weight, engines etc and airline operational choices
• Same datalink procedures as for DARPS
• Advanced ATM systems - ADS, CPDLC and Air Situation Display - support UPRs
• Pacific trials under way - presently suspended until after Sydney Olympics
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
NEW ROUTES
• Los Angeles - Melbourne– not viable without FLEXTRACKS/DARPS
• The ‘Silk Route’ north of the Himalayas– only open to FANS 1/A aircraft– uses all aspects of FANS 1/A : C, N, S and ATM– shorter, greater access to preferred flight levels– time savings from 20 mins to 1 hour BKK <-> LHR
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Automatic Dependent SurveillanceLondon Bangkok Sydney Melbourne
Data - UK NATS
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
The Silk Route
Diagram - QANTAS
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ATN
&
CNS/ATM-1
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
Beech 350 AircraftBeech 350 Aircraft
X25/A429WCMU/Bridge PC
GroundGround
Ethernet LAN
GroundATN Router
End SystemADS & CPDLC
VHF Gnd radio(TRG 750)
VHF air radio(EVR 750)
VNI 750PC
Airborne RTR(Sun)
ATCC-1ATCC-1
AirservicesPSN
AvionicsNavigation
Arinc 429 Bus
ATN Platform with VDL Flight A/craft
BN
ML CB
Ethernet LAN
ATCC-2ATCC-2
End SystemADS & CPDLC
GroundATN Router
X.25 switch
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
NETWORK PLANNINGICAO ATNTTF
• ICAO ASIA PACIFIC ATN Transition Task Force– Task Force formed by ICAO ASIA/PAC COM/MET/NAV/SUR Sub
Group – Responsible for:
• ATN Transition Guidance Material
• ATN Transition Plan
• ATN Major Elements such as security, performance and system management
• AFTN Related Issues
• Planning and Implementation Information in the Air Navigation Plan - to develop ground ground part of the CNS Facilities And Services Implementation Document (FASID)
– Two Working Groups were formed to concentrate on producing a transition strategy and an ATN Topology for the Region
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
CNS/ATM-1 ‘ACCOMMODATION’• FANS 1/A systems are in widespread use
• many aircraft, a number of ATM systems• many pilots and controllers now have significant experience
• FANS 1/A & CNS/ATM-1 will operate in parallel• CNS/ATM-1 ADS & CPDLC has differences from
the FANS 1/A implementation of ADS & CPDLC
• Existing ‘FANS 1/A controller HMI’ & ATM processing needs to be upgraded to accommodate both ‘flavours’
• Aim - upgrade to be ready when the aircraft arrive• Question - when will CNS/ATM-1 aircraft arrive in
the Asia - Pacific Region???
AIRSERVICES AUSTRALIA
QUESTIONS?