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Operation Data Analysis Operation Data Analysis Hints and GuidelinesHints and Guidelines
EGN 5621 Enterprise Systems CollaborationSummer B, 2014
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Tools to Analyze DataTools to Analyze DataTools to analyze data range from
simple to complexReports and graphsAdvanced statistics forecasting modelsAdvanced optimization models and
toolsHaving the right people mattersHaving data modeling
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A Large Quantity of Quality DataA Large Quantity of Quality Data
All analytic methods feeds on data – in large quantity and good quality
Having good data can be turned into a competitive advantage
Integrated organizations have a lot of data available, they must learn to exploit it
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Interpreting DataInterpreting Data
Skills are required to create appropriate graphs, reports, and statistical analysis
Skills are required to interpret correctly graphs, reports and statistics
Skills are required to make the appropriate decisions from the analytics
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze DataA primary key is an attribute, or a combination of attributes, that identify in a unique way each row in a table. A primary key has to always contain a value; that is to say, it cannot be empty
A foreign key is an attribute of a table (that can be composed) that is a primary key of the table to which is linked.
There is an important concept associated with a foreign key: referential integrity. We say that a relation has referential integrity if all the values of a foreign key attribute in a table exist in the table where this attribute is a primary key.
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze Data
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze Data
A logical data model of a 1 to N relationship
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze Data
A logical data model of an N to N relationship
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze Data
A logical data model of a relational database
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze Data
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze DataMetadata of a relational databaseMetadata (from the Greek "meta" "after, beyond, with" and the Latin word "data" "information") is data about data.
Metadata is used to describe or describe another data. In a database, the metadata correspond to the information about the data in the fields of the tables. They define the shell containing the data. Thus, prior to populate a database of its content, it is important to create the shell or envelope that will contain and describe the data of the database.
In practice, metadata describes the list of tables, the list of attributes, the format (or data types) of the attributes, the restrictions on the data, the consistency rules to apply (e.g., referential integrity and mandatory field rules), the type of relations and joins between tables etc.
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze Data
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Using Queries to Analyze DataUsing Queries to Analyze Data
Queries contain 2 basic elements: (i)Key Figures, KPI(ii) Dimensions.
Margins as a function of time
Sales by country
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An ExampleAn Example
MeasuresDimensionsDimensions
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Elements of an Info CubeElements of an Info Cube
Key figuresDimensions
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Types of MeasuresTypes of MeasuresAdditive : it makes sense to sum the measures
across all dimensions◦ Quantity sold across Region, Store, Salesperson, Date,
Product …semi additive : additive only across certain
dimensions◦ Quantity on hand is not additive over Date, but it is
additive across Store and Productnon additive : cannot be summed across any
dimensions◦ A ratio, a percentage
A measure that is non additive on one dimension may be the object of other data aggregations◦ Average, Min, Max of quantities on hand over time
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How DW Differs from a Transactional DB?How DW Differs from a Transactional DB?
Characteristic DB DW
Operation Real-time, transactional Decision support, strategic analysis
Model Entity-Relationship Star Schema
Redundant data Designed to avoid Permitted
Data Raw data, current Aggregated, Historical data,
# of users Many Few
Update Immediate Deferred
Calculated fields None stored Many stored
Mental model Tabular Hypercube
Queries Simple, some saved Complex, many saved
Operations Read / Write Read Only
Size Go (Gigabytes) To(Terabytes)
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Exploring Data
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Plant A: An overviewPlant A: An overview
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Plant B : an OverviewPlant B : an Overview
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Plant C an OverviewPlant C an Overview
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Trying to Maintain Stocks for All Trying to Maintain Stocks for All ProductsProducts
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Large Variations in Sales per StepLarge Variations in Sales per Step
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Manipulating Graphs
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Key Figure or KPIKey Figure or KPI
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Graph type: Scattered BarsGraph type: Scattered Bars
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Graph Type: Scattered LinesGraph Type: Scattered Lines
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Graph Type: LinesGraph Type: Lines
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Graph Type: 3D BarsGraph Type: 3D Bars
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BI Questions
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BI Question 1BI Question 1
Current assets include(i) cash(ii) receivables(iii) raw material inventory (for mfg game)(iv) finished product inventory
How well have the teams performed in managing the current assets over time?
Hint: Use the financial data
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BI Question 2BI Question 2
Did the winning team bring their highest margin product to market first?
Did they charge a price premium while they were first to market?
Can you see the impact of a competitor entering the market?
Hint: Use the operational data
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BI Question 3BI Question 3
One objective of materials management is to make sure that raw materials are available for production when needed
Which company has managed this process well as shown by having the largest variety of products in stock?
Hint: Use inventory data by products over time
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BI Question 4BI Question 4
Companies may have different strategies for production management◦Some may prefer long productions to minimize
setup losses, while others may prefer shorter runs to respond more quickly to market opportunities
Can you determine what strategies were used by each team?
Where there any production disruptions?Hint: Use production data over time and
products. Filter for each individual company.
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BI Question 5BI Question 5
Companies want to maximize sales◦If sales are too high, the price may be too low,
and vice versaCan you tell sales is affected by prices?
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BI Question 6BI Question 6
Who owns the market (as measured by market share) for each product?
Hint: Use sales data filtered by product with drilldown across plant◦Use a stacked area chart
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