Operating Systems Virtualization...
Transcript of Operating Systems Virtualization...
Operating Systems Virtualization mechanisms
René Serral-Gracià Xavier Martorell-Bofill1
1Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
May 26, 2014
Introduction Hardware Virtualization mechanisms Applications Cloud Computing Management Practical Tips Examples
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms
3 Applications
4 Cloud Computing
5 Management
6 Practical Tips
7 Examples
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Introduction Hardware Virtualization mechanisms Applications Cloud Computing Management Practical Tips Examples
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms
3 Applications
4 Cloud Computing
5 Management
6 Practical Tips
7 Examples
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Objectives
Knowledge
What is virtualizationWhich uses has virtualizationWhich uses does NOT have virtualizationVirtualization solutions
Abilities
Create/delete virtual machinesManagement capabilities for virtual machinesVirtual Machine Administration
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What is virtualization...
An abstraction mechanism to manage(by partitioning, by merging,...) physical resources
Virtualization is based on the creation of one (or more)virtual representations of a particular resourceExamples
Local Area Network (VLAN)Web Virtual HostsStorage Virtualization (e.g., LVM, Cloud storage)Data Virtualization (e.g., seamless access to information)Hardware Virtualization
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Hardware Virtualization
The virtualization affects the whole machine where new“virtual” instance is/are createdThe original OS is called host OSThe other “virtual” OS(s) is/are named guest OSsThe new instances work autonomously and use the hostOS as proxy with the hardwareTypes of Hardware Virtualization
Full VirtualizationParavirtualizationPartial virtualization
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Outline
1 Introduction
2 Hardware Virtualization mechanismsFull VirtualizationParavirtualizationOS virtualization
3 Applications
4 Cloud Computing
5 Management
6 Practical Tips
7 ExamplesR. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 7
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Full Virtualization – Overview
Complete emulation of hardware componentsUsing the legacy OS as proxy to the hardware
Transparent for guest OS
Hardware
Standard Host OS
Virtual Machine Layer
Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware
Virtual Machine 1
Guest OS
Virtual Machine 2
Guest OS
Virtual Machine 3
Guest OS
Virtual Machine Manager
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Full Virtualization – Functionalities and Examples
Functionalities
Memory reservationCPU virtualizationVirtual Network Interfaces
Examples
MultiplatformVMWareVirtualBox
LinuxQEmu/KVM
WindowsMicrosoft R© Hyper-V Server 2008
MacOSParallels
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Paravirtualization
Concurrent execution of different OSManagement Domain controls the rest of OS
Requires support of the hardware and the OS
Hardware
Hypervisor enabled OS
Hypervisor Management Domain
Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware Virtual Hardware
Virtual Machine 1
Guest OS
Virtual Machine 2
Guest OS
Virtual Machine 3
Guest OS
Hypervisor Manager
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Paravirtualization – Functionalities and Examples
Functionalities
Memory partitioningCPU partitioningNetwork card separationControlled bus access
ExamplesXenUML
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OS Virtualization
Collaboration between host and guestsDirect access to the hardware form the guestsCan run in userspace
Requires support of the OSHost and guests use the same OS
Hardware
Host OS
Virtual OS 1 Virtual OS 2 Virtual OS 3
Concurrent running OS
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OS virtualization – Functionalities and Examples
Functionalities
Concurrent execution of various instances of the operatingsystem
ExamplesOpenVZSolaris ContainersBSD JailsLinux Containers
LXCDocker.io
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Outline
1 Introduction
2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms
3 Applications
4 Cloud Computing
5 Management
6 Practical Tips
7 Examples
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Applications
Useful for....Energy savingSpace savingLightweight processesService aggregation
Should not be used for...Heavyweight processesComputational power
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Applications
Useful for....Energy savingSpace savingLightweight processesService aggregation
Should not be used for...Heavyweight processesComputational power
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Main Functionalities
Machine level backup/restorationSnapshotsRegular backups
Machine Pause/SuspendService IsolationResource limitation (CPU, Memory, I/O, Networking)Machine teleporting
Memory teleportingFull machine teleporting
CloningCentralized management
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Outline
1 Introduction
2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms
3 Applications
4 Cloud ComputingRationaleDelivered Services
5 Management
6 Practical Tips
7 Examples R. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 17
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Rationale under Cloud Computing
Offer computation, storage, and servicesOutsourcing of IT local resources through well definedAPIsEasy adoption for customers
Masking operational detailsLess management overheadIncrease in resourcesIncrease in performanceLow cost
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Delivered services
Software as a Service
Software licensed on a subscription based fee modelThrough periodic feesThrough advertisement
Mostly web basedExamples
GMailFacebookWhatsapp
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Delivered services
Platform as a Service
Computing platformCustomer deploys application using service providerfeatures into the provider’s premisesProvider offers storage, computation, memory, networks,and other necessary facilitiesExamples
Amazon Web Services (AWS)Rackspace
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Delivered services
Infrastructure as a Service
Lowest levelProviding hypervisor, networking, storageThe customer is in charge of configuring and administeringeverythingExamples
Amazon Web Services (AWS)Rackspace
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Outline
1 Introduction
2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms
3 Applications
4 Cloud Computing
5 ManagementVM Creation and DeletionIntegrated Management SolutionsBackups
6 Practical Tips
7 ExamplesR. Serral-Gracià, et. al OS Virtualization 22
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VM Creation
Required steps to create a VM
Create system hard driveDynamically allocated – Less space / SlowerStatically allocated – More space / Faster
Create hardwareCPU(s)MemoryDisk(s)...
Install the operating systemConfigure services
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VM Deletion
Required steps to delete a VM
Backup user/shared dataDisable/ban usersStop all the servicesUnregister virtual machineRemove the hard drive
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VM Resources Management
Resource enhancementsMore CPU(s)Memory increaseHard disk resizing
Different from Filesystem resizing
System administrationUse passwordless remote administration (ssh, pssh)Create management scripts
Send command to allInstall to all
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VM Resources Management
Resource enhancementsMore CPU(s)Memory increaseHard disk resizing
Different from Filesystem resizing
System administrationUse passwordless remote administration (ssh, pssh)Create management scripts
Send command to allInstall to all
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Integrated Management Solutions
libvirt: virsh, virt-manager http://www.libvirt.org
VMWare vSphere http://www.vmware.com/products/vsphere
OpenNebula: http://www.opennebula.org/
OpenStack: http://www.openstack.org/
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Backup mechanisms
Full Hardware backupUse available facilities within the Virtualization SoftwareUse a master copy of the system
Regular backup
Similar to the legacy caseBackup shared storage area
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Backup mechanisms
Full Hardware backupUse available facilities within the Virtualization SoftwareUse a master copy of the system
Regular backup
Similar to the legacy caseBackup shared storage area
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Introduction Hardware Virtualization mechanisms Applications Cloud Computing Management Practical Tips Examples
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms
3 Applications
4 Cloud Computing
5 Management
6 Practical Tips
7 Examples
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Practical Tips
GUI are evilUse headless setups
Monitor resource usageUse shared storage for user dataClone the VMsUse different servers
ResilienceLoad balancing
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Introduction Hardware Virtualization mechanisms Applications Cloud Computing Management Practical Tips Examples
Outline
1 Introduction
2 Hardware Virtualization mechanisms
3 Applications
4 Cloud Computing
5 Management
6 Practical Tips
7 Examples
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Management Interface – virt-manager
Aggregated management and monitoringCreate/Delete/Modify VMsConnect/Disconnect removable media
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Management Interface – VirtualBox
Aggregated management and monitoringCreate/Delete/Modify VMsConnect/Disconnect removable media
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