Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Computer Hardware Ruth Watson.

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6

Chapter 6

Computer Hardware

Ruth Watson

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 2

Objectives (1 of 2)

Explain the difference between RAM and ROM

Explain the difference between RAM and storage

Explain what a motherboard is

Explain what a processor does

Explain the what RAID is

Explain what a UPS is

Demonstrate how to write-protect a disk

Explain the difference between a partition and a disk


Objectives (2 of 2)

Explain the role of the boot.ini file Explain why binary math is important to computers Explain the difference between a modem and a

network interface card Explain the difference between a parallel and serial

connection Identify at least 4 different ports, by sight, on a

computer Demonstrate how to clean a mouse Explain what a driver is Explain what an interrupt is


Introduction

Computers are made up of hardware and software

The software tells the hardware what to do

Computers receive input via the keyboard and

mouse or other input devices

Processing happens though the motherboard via

ROM, RAM, and the processor

The output comes through the monitor, printer,

sound card, or more


Important Terms to Understand EIDE

Floppy disk Gigahertz Hard disk IDE IEEE IEEE 1394 Interrupt I/O IRQ ISA Master/slave Memory Microprocessor

Modem Motherboard Network interface card Parity Partition PCI Plug and play Port RAM ROM SCSI Sector Virtual Memory Volume


What Is a Computer?

Microprocessor Internal Memory Auxiliary Storage Input Units Output Units


Any Computer System

Memory

Central processing unit(CPU)

Input

DiskAuxiliary Storage

Disk

Output


Internal Hardware Components

CD-ROM CPU Expansion slots Floppy drive Hard disk Memory chip Motherboard Power supply


Back of the Computer

Cooling Fan Power Supply Keyboard Connector

Mouse Connector Parallel Printer Port Video Connector


Processor

Brain of the computer Current chips for PC

Intel (Celeron, Pentium III, and Pentium IV) AMD (K-6 and Athlon)

Which do I buy? Pentium or Athlon for graphic-intensive programs K-6 or Celeron for business and Internet browsing


Types of Disks

Floppy Disk Most common is 1.44Mb LS-120 disk is 120Mb

High Capacity Removable Storage

Zip disks Jazz Disks CD-R CD-RW

Hard (Fixed) Disk Most common are 2.0 GHz or

higher


Care of a Disk

Disk can be damaged easily Power spikes can harm hard

disks A UPS can help with power

surges Floppy disks can be

damaged when exposed to extreme heat or cold conditions


Monitor Size and Resolution

Monitors come in different sizes: 17,” 19,” and 21”

Resolution is expressed in pixels 800 x 600 1024 x 768

The higher the resolution, the more you can see

Larger monitors let you run at higher resolutions e.g., 19” to run 1024 x 768 comfortably

A graphics card (video display adapter) speeds processing


Formatting a Disk

Formatting prepares a disk to accept data

Formatting can also delete any data already stored on the disk

Full format wipes everything out

Quick format deletes pointers only, but data is overwritten later


Multiple Drives

Each storage device

has its own drive letter

C: is usually the first

hard drive

Partitioned hard drives

also contain their own

letters


Partitions

Partitioning means to slice up one hard drive into separate areas

Installing one Office program would not affect the installing of another version on the second half


Boot Options

The boot file boot.ini is responsible for creating boot options for your OS

The boot file gives you the option to go into different OS installed on either side of a partition


Storage- Internal Memory (RAM) Temporary (erased when power is turned off) Measured in bytes

1 Byte = 1 character (8 bits) 1 Kilobyte = 210 (~1,000 bytes) 1 Megabyte = 220 (~1,000,000 bytes) 1 Gigabyte = 230 (~1,000,000,000 bytes)

Need 512 MB of RAM Keep multiple programs & data files in memory Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory ROM is read only memory that contains instructions burned in at the

computer factory


Data Transfer and Format

Data travels along the computer bus via a series of

pathways connects the hardware components to the processor

The wider the pathway, the faster the data moves

Data is transferred in the form of electronic signals

represented by two states: 0 or 1 (off or on)

ASCII code translates computer language into

something we can understand


Network Interface Cards and Modems A NIC card connects two or

more computer together to share information and resources Connected to the back

through a RF45 connector

A modem connects the computer to the Internet A modem is connected to

the back with a RJ11 connector


Additional Components

Keyboard Mouse Trackball Scanner Joystick Pens

Ink Jet Printers B/W or color Smears

Laser Printers Highest quality output

Speakers


Peripheral Devices- Drivers

Most peripheral devices require a driver to operate

Windows comes with many drivers for common mouse, keyboard, and other devices

Most manufacturing Web sites have drivers available for download


Peripheral Devices- Interrupts

Interrupts (mouse clicks, keyboard taps, etc.) are handled by the processor Interrupts travel on IRQs

(Interrupt Request Lines) Windows reserves IRQs for

your devices

Preview the Device Manager to see which ones are reserved

Interrupt conflicts can cause your computer to lock up


Installing Hardware

Hardware can be upgraded Increase RAM Increase your Processor Add another drive

Must understand your system to purchase the correct upgrades

Add/Remove hardware components using Add/Remove Hardware Wizard


Summary Sometimes you will want to open up your computer

and to add upgraded hardware IT professionals must understand

the role of the processor, what ROM does, the difference between RAM and storage space and how to partition your hard disk

Newer computer systems do a better job handling interrupt conflicts

Newer computer systems have more drivers to add upgrades


Questions?

Operating Systems Concepts 1/e Ruth Watson Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Computer Hardware Ruth Watson.

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