Operating System Basics Chapter 1 Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj.
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Transcript of Operating System Basics Chapter 1 Release 16/07/20 09 powered by dj.
Chapter Objectives
Explain concept of Operating system
MS – DOS version and features
Configure DOS
Navigate DOS
Use DOS File Management
Use FORMAT command
Release 16/07/2009powered by dj
Operating System
All Computers need basic software or platform called Operating system to function.
It is a interface between users, application programs, hardware and system peripherals.
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Two Types of O.S.
Network O.S. It can acts as a
server E.g.
Windows Server 2003
Unix Linux Netware
Client / Desktop O.S. It can acts as a client E.g.
MS – DOS Windows 95/98 Windows 2000
Professional Windows XP
Professional
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DOS Version
Version and Release Date
Features
MS-DOS 1.0 (Aug '81) Distributed on one floppy; required 8 KB of RAM
MS-DOS 1.1 (May '82) Supported 106 KB single-sided and 320 KB double sided disks
MS-DOS 2.0 (Mar ' 83) Supported hard disks, directories, background printing and additional device drivers
MS-DOS 3.0 (Aug '84) Supported hard disks greater than 10 MB and 1.2 MB floppies
MS-DOS 3.1 (Mar '85) Supported networks and file sharing
MS-DOS 3.2 (Jan '86) Supported 3.5" floppy disks drives
MS-DOS 3.3 (Apr '87) Provided new commands and international support
MS-DOS 4.0 (Feb '88) Supported hard disk partitions greater than 32MB; provided the MEM command and DOS shell
MS-DOS 5.0 (May '91) Provided extra memory management tools, Help, Undelete, Unformat, added task swapping to DOS Shell
MS-DOS 6.0 (Mar '93) MemMaker, multiple boot configurations, Windows utilities: Unformat, Undelete, Virus protection and Backup
MS-DOS 6.2 (Oct '93) Provided Scandisk Release 16/07/2009powered by dj
Features of DOS
Command Prompt Interface Text-based interface
Used for file and disk management and program execution
Utility Program Performs file and system management tasks with
help of utilities such as FORMAT, EDIT, MSD and SCANDISK
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Features of DOS
DOS Editor
A text editor application used to perform operation such as Edit that allows to create, edit, save and print text file
Syntax
Edit[[drive][path]filename][switches]
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Configuring DOS
CONFIG.SYS BUFFERS COUNTRY DEVICE DEVICEHIGH DOS FCBS FILES LASTDRIVE SETVER SHELL STACKS SWITCHES
AUTOEXEC.BAT DOSKEY ECHO KEYB MOUSE MSCDEX PATH PAUSE PROMPT SET SHARE SMARTDRV
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Question for group discussion – What does COUNTRY parameter indicate? (2 min)
Question for group discussion – What does KEYB parameter imply? (2 min)
Question for group discussion – What does MSCDEX parameter indicate? (2 min)
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Navigating DOS
Directory structure C: Root Directory Windows
Subdirectory DOS Files
Root Directory normally contains following files
MSDOS.SYS IO.SYS COMMAND.COM AUTOEXEC.BAT CONFIG.SYSRelease
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C:\
DOS WINDOWS TEMP
DESKTOPSYSTEM
VMM32
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DOS Commands
CD – helps in changing the directory
DIR – Provides the information about files and subdirectories available in directory
TREE – Examines the file structure
Command Action
C:\>CD DOS Sets current directory to DOS; the prompt changes to C:\DOS\>
C:\DOS\>CD.. Sets the current directory to one level above
C:\DOS\>CD\ Changes the current directory to the root
Command Action
C:\>DIR List out all the files and sub-directories in the current directory
C:\>DIR/ p Lists out files and sub-directories in page-by-page format
C:\>DIR a:\ Lists out files and sub-directories in A:
C:\>DIR a*.* Lists out files and subdirectories whose names begin with ‘a’
Command Action
TREE Shows the directory structure from the current directory and below
TREE |MORE Shows the directory structure one page at a time
TREE/F | MORE
Shows the position of files stored within the directory structure
Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of changing the directory. (5 min)
Practical Activity: Ask students to practice all the options of CD command. (12 min)
Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of DIR and TREE. (10 min)
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DOS File Management
COPY – duplicates the files from one directory to another.
e.g. C:\>copy tr3.doc C:\trial\tr3.doc
C:\copy tr3.doc C:\trial\tr2.txt
MOVE – copies a file from one location to another and delete the same from earlier location
e.g. C:\move tr3.doc C:\trial
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Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of COPY and MOVE. (5 min)
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DOS File Management
XCOPY – copies the content of more than one directory at a time.
e.g. C:\>xcopy c:\trial c:/r
Parameters Application
/A Copies only those files with archive file attribute
/M Same as /A but turns off archive attribute after copying
/D:DATE Copies files modified on or after the specified date
/P Prompts for confirmation before every destination file is created
/S Copies contents of subdirectories unless they are empty
/E Copies contents of subdirectories even if they are empty
/V Verifies each file as it is written to the destination
/W Prompts for continuation before copying filesRelease
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Practical Activity: Ask students to demonstrate XCOPY command. (4 min)
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DOS File Management
REN – renames a filee.g. C:\>ren *.doc *.txt
C:\>ren tr3.doc tr2.doc
DEL – deletes a filee.g. C:\>del *.txt
MD – creates directory under a root or subdirectory
e.g. C:\>md trial
RD – removes a subdirectory (empty directory)
e.g. C:\>rd trialRelease
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Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of REN, DEL, MD and RD. (10 min)
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DOS File Management
ATTRIB – specifies the attribute of file
e.g. To view Attributes C:\>ATTRIB <filename>
To set Attributes C:\ATTRIB +r trial.doc
Attribute Action
Read only (R)
File can be accessed by any program but it cannot be modified or deleted
Archive (A)
The file has changed since it was last archived using the BACKUP or XCOPY utilities
Hidden (H)
The file is hidden and can not be seen when a normal directory listing is done using DIR
System (S)
The file is used by DOS and should not be edited or deleted by users.Release
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DOS File Management
FORMAT – formats a disk
e.g. C:\>FORMAT driveletter :/switches
Switch Description
/s Transfer the system files and make it bootable
/q Quick format that saves time by skipping the surface scan procedure for error checking
/u An unconditional format that reformats a disk and does not save the information required for it to be unformatted later
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Practical Activity: Ask students to perform the DOS command of ATTRIB and FORMAT. (10 min)
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Summary - I
All computers need basic software known as an Operating System (OS) to function. The OS acts as an interface between the user, application programs, hardware, and system peripherals
Operating systems can be of two types: Network operating systems (NOS) and simple stand alone desktop O.S. i.e. Client O.S.
DOS provides a text-based interface called the command prompt that can be issued to perform file and disk management, and execute programs.
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Summary - II
DOS provides a number of utility programs (files with .EXE and .COM extensions in the C:\DOS\ directory) to achieve various file and system management tasks.
There are two configuration files in DOS: CONFIG.SYS AUTOEXEC.BAT
CONFIG.SYS file has commands and instructions used for loading device drivers and memory managers, and also or configuring system settings.
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Summary - III
AUTOEXEC.SYS file contains a list of DOS commands that must be executed immediately after boot-up.
The top most level of every disk or drive is called a Root directory. It can contain files and sub-directories under it and further sub-directories contain files and sub-directories.
The DOS commands like COPY, MOVE, XCOPY, REN, DEL, MD, RD etc. are used for file management.
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