Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

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Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Transcript of Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Page 1: Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement Principles:Powell et al.

Page 2: Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Operant Conditioning

I.Early researchA.Thorndike

1.Puzzle box2.Trial-and-error learning3.Strong Law of Effect4.Weak Law of Effect5.Later version

Page 3: Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Operant Conditioning

II. B.F. SkinnerA.Discrete trialB.Skinner’s early workC.Free operantD.Three term contingency

1.Discriminative stimulus (SD)2.Response (R)3.Positive reinforcer (SR)

Page 4: Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Operant Conditioning

III. Operant conditioning – ABCA. Operant behaviorB. Operant consequences

1. Reinforcers & reinforcementa. Procedureb. Process

2. Punishers & punishmenta. Procedureb. Process

C. Operant antecedents1. SD

2. SΔ

Page 5: Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Operant Conditioning

IV. ContingenciesA. Reinforcing or punishing consequenceB. Present or remove stimulusC. Four types

1. Positive reinforcement2. Negative reinforcement3. Positive punishment4. Negative punishment

Page 6: Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Operant Conditioning

ReinforcerReinforcement

PunisherPunishment

Positive Present SStrengthens

Present SWeakens

Negative Remove SStrengthens

Remove SWeakens

Page 7: Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Operant Conditioning

V. Reinforcer distinctionsA, Immediate and delayedB. Primary and secondary (AKA, unconditioned and conditioned)

1. Generalized secondary reinforcerC. Intrinsic and extrinsic

1. Loss of intrinsic motivation?a. Tangibleb. Expectedc. Only for performing

D. Natural and contrived

Page 8: Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Principles: Powell et al.

Operant Conditioning

VI. Shaping - Differential reinforcement of successive approximations

A. How toB. Issues

1. Starting point2. Reinforce movement3. Step size4. Frequency of reinforcement

a. Satiationb. Extinction


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Operant Conditioning (Types of Reinforcement)

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Operant applications

Operant applications

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