Operant Conditioning

Introduction

Respondent behaviorOperant conditioningOperant behavior

Skinner’s Experiments

Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect

B.F. SkinnerBehavioral technologyBehavior control

Skinner’s Experiments

Operant Chamber (Skinner Box)

Skinner’s ExperimentsShaping Behavior

ShapingSuccessive approximationsDiscriminative stimulus

Skinner’s ExperimentsTypes of Reinforcers

ReinforcerPositive reinforcementNegative reinforcement

Skinner’s ExperimentsTypes of Reinforcers

ReinforcerPositive reinforcementNegative reinforcement

Skinner’s ExperimentsTypes of Reinforcers

Primary reinforcerConditioned reinforcerSecondary

reinforcer

Immediate vs delayed reinforcers

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Continuous reinforcementPartial (intermittent) reinforcementSchedules

Fixed-ratio scheduleVariable-ratio scheduleFixed-interval scheduleVariable-interval schedule

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinner’s ExperimentsPunishment

PunishmentPositive punishmentNegative punishment

Skinner’s ExperimentsPunishment

Skinner’s ExperimentsPunishment

Skinner’s ExperimentsPunishment

Skinner’s ExperimentsPunishment

Skinner’s ExperimentsPunishment

Skinner’s ExperimentsPunishment

Negatives of using punishmentPunished behavior is suppressed not

forgottenPunishment teaches discriminationPunishment can teach fearPhysical punishment may increase

aggression

Extending Skinner’s UnderstandingCognition and Operant Conditioning

Latent learningCognitive map

Insight learningIntrinsic

motivation

Extrinsic motivation

Extending Skinner’s Understanding

Biological PredispositionsBiological constraints

predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive

Skinner’s LegacyApplications of Operant Conditioning

At schoolIn sportsAt homeFor self-

improvement