Opening Questions
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Opening Questions1. What is the first thing that
comes to you mind when you hear the words:
MuscleBlood
Exercise
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Learning Outcomes
• 1. Summarize the categories of • Proteins• 2. Provide examples of their
biological functions
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PROTEINSAn organic molecule because
it contains CARBON attached to a hydrogen
They are long strands so they are considered
POLYMERS
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Structure of a PROTEINProteins are long strands
(polymers) of AMINO ACIDSAmino Acids contain TWO
function groups(chemical uniqueness
attached to the carbon skeleton.(represent by letter R)
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Amino Acids have one CARBOXYL (COOH) function group attached
to its carbon skeletonThe carboxyl group makes it
ACIDIC
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They also have an AMINO (NH2) functional group attached to its
carbon skeleton.This is why we call them
AMINO ACIDS
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The bonds that attach them to the carbon skeleton are covalent
bonds known as PEPTIDE BONDS
Many peptide bonds are called POLYPEPTIDE bonds
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Scientists have discovered 50 different amino acids.
Living things only 20 of these to make proteins for use in their
bodies and cells.8 are considered essential
The other 12 are non-essential we can make in our bodies.
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Amino Acid SIDE GROUPSSide groups make each amino
acid unique.There are three groups
IONICPOLAR
NON-POLAR
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2 Main Shapes of a Protein The shape of a protein is important
to its function
Fibrous ProteinsHave a rod shape
Found in our hair, skin, ligaments, bones, fingernails and other
connective tissue
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Globular ProteinsHave a round or irregular shape
Hemoglobin in our bloodEnzymes
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• Proteins can be very small with only 100 amino acids Or they can be very large with more than 33,000 amino acids.• The reason larger proteins can
fit into our bodies is because they twist and fold on itself to fit in the body
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Functions of Proteins1. Support
Ex Collagen in skinHuman Growth Hormone
2. MetabolismEx Amylase in saliva
3. RegulationEx. Hormones such as Insulin
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4. TransportationEx Hemoglobin in Blood
5. DefenseEx. Antibodies in our white blood
cells6. Motion
Ex. Actin found in muscles for contraction
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Wrap It Up
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• 1. Proteins are ORGANIC because they contain CARBON attached to a hydrogen• 2. When amino acids bond
together they are held by peptide bonds
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• 3. When they bond together they form long chains of amino acids called polypeptides • 4. Polypeptides form Proteins…• 5. Hence proteins are long chains of amino acids
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• Monomers/Building blocks:• Amino acids• Elements: C, H, O and N• Functions: support, transportation,
regulation, metabolism, defense, motion• Examples: Hemoglobin, Insulin,
Human Growth Hormone (HGH)