Open water diver pe gs english 2013

OPEN WATER DIVEROPEN WATER DIVER

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Welcome Dive Center: I Dive Tec Rec Centers PlcInstructor: Andy Varoshiotis


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WELCOME PERSONAL INTRODUCTION PAPERWORK

Course Overview• Course Materials

• Academic Sessions

• Pool Sessions

• Open Water Dives

• Course Certification


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TO BECOME A COMFORTABLE AND CONFIDENT DIVER IT TAKES FOUR INGREDIENTS:

• Proper Knowledge

• Proper Skills

• Proper Equipment

• Proper Experience


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LOOK FOR THESE ICONS:

• Pearl

• Continuing Education

• Environment


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SECTION 1YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT


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SECTION 1YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT OBJECTIVES

Be able to:

1. Identify the 7 Sub-Systems of the Total Diving System.

2. Understand how each piece of equipment plays an important role in diver comfort, confidence, and safety.

3. Learn how to choose and fit each component of the Total Diving System.

4. Recognize the benefits of owning a personal Total Diving System.


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YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT

The Total Diving System• Snorkeling System• Exposure System• Air Delivery System• Information System• Total Divelog System• Buoyancy Control System• Specialty Training & Accessory

System

Maintaining the Total Diving System


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THE SNORKELING SYSTEM

Mask• Purpose• Types

• Optical Lenses• Features• Fitting

Fins & Footwear• Diving Fin• Snorkeling Fin• Fitting

Snorkel• Purge • No Purge• Features

Snorkeling System Bag

The snorkeling equipment is the base of your Total Diving System!


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THE EXPOSURE SYSTEM

Warm Water Dive Skins

Wet Suits• Choice• Features• Fit

Dry Suits

SSI Dry Suit Diving Specialty Program


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THE AIR DELIVERY SYSTEM

S.C.U.B.A.

Components• Cylinder• 1st Stage Regulator• 2nd Stage Regulator

Cylinder• Choosing a Cylinder• Cylinder Valves• Cylinder Features


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THE AIR DELIVERY SYSTEM

Regulator• Choice• 1st Stage• 2nd Stage

Alternate Air Sources• Alternate 2nd Stage• Inflator-Integrated Air Source• Redundant Breathing System

It is recommended to have a high-quality regulator, especially when diving in cold water!


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THE INFORMATION SYSTEMInstruments

• Dive Computer• Submersible Pressure Gauge (SPG)• Depth Gauge• Timing Device• Compass• Thermometer

Configuration• System 1: Air Integrated

• Computer, Air• System 2: Dive Computer,

• Computer, Analog SPG, Compass• System 3: Analog Console

Use the Equipment Service Program, which will help you remember scheduled services!


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THE TOTAL DIVELOG SYSTEM

The DiveLog as a Training Tool

The DiveLog as a Recognition Tool


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THE BUOYANCY CONTROL SYSTEM

Buoyancy Compensator (BC)• Purpose• Archimedes’ Principle

Features• Inflators• Deflators• Inflator-Integrated Air Source• Integrated Weight System• Lift• Other Features

Neutral Buoyancy is important for a comfortable dive and is the best possible environmental protection!


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Proper Weighting Technique• Weight Belts• Choosing Your Weighting• Proper Weighting Technique

THE BUOYANCY CONTROL SYSTEM

SSI Perfect Buoyancy Specialty Program


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THE SPECIALTY TRAINING AND ACCESSORY SYSTEM

Diver’s Luggage• Size• Durable & Versatile• Locking Device• Wheels

Flags & Floats• Recreational Diver’s Flag• Alpha Flag (International)

SSI Boat Diving Specialty Program


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Signal Devices• Whistles & Alarms• Signal Flares• Inflatable Surface Marker• Underwater Audible Devices

Save-a-Dive System

SSI Equipment Techniques Specialty Program


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Underwater Lights• Battery Powered

Underwater Flashlight• Chemical Glow Lights• Battery Powered Glow

Lights

Diver’s Tool

SSI Night / Limited Visibility Specialty Program


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MAINTAINING YOUR TOTAL DIVING SYSTEM

Buoyancy Control System• Cleaning• Storage• Maintenance

Regulator• Cleaning• Storage• Maintenance

Information System• Cleaning • Storage• Maintenance


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MAINTAINING YOUR TOTAL DIVING SYSTEM

Cylinder• Cleaning• Storage• Preventing Damage to Cylinder• VIP (Visual Inspection Program)• Hydrostatic Testing

Exposure Suits

Equipment Consultation


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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 1

The SSI Training Philosophy is illustrated through the SSI Diver Diamond.

Discuss the four sides of the SSI Diver Diamond and how each side relates to the others.

Your Total Diving System is all the equipment you need to go diving, as well as the additional equipment you may want to have for added enjoyment.


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WORKSHOP 1

Let’s go to the “interactive classroom”, and identify and discuss the seven subsystems that make up your Total Diving System and how they relate to each other.


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SECTION 2USING YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENT


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SECTION 2USING YOUR DIVING EQUIPMENTOBJECTIVES

1. Understand basic snorkeling and scuba diving skills as they relate to your equipment, including:• Dressing• Putting on Your Equipment• Using Your Equipment

2. Learn proper procedures for:• Entering the Water• Descending & Equalizing Pressure• Establishing & Maintaining Neutral Buoyancy• Ascending• Safety Stops• Exiting the Water


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THE SNORKELING SYSTEMPUTTING ON THE EQUIPMENT

Mask

Snorkel

Fins

Exposure Suit

Pay attention to sun protection and sufficient liquid absorption!


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THE SNORKELING SYSTEMENTERING THE WATER

Pre-Dive Check

Types of Entries• Controlled Seated Entry• Step-in Entry• Feet-First Jumping Entry• Beach Entry• Boat Entry

Always choose the safest and easiest method, which is appropriate for the dive spot.


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THE SNORKELING SYSTEMUSING THE DIVING EQUIPMENT

Using the Snorkel• Breathing• Snorkel Clearing

Using the Fins• Fin Safety• Fin Power• Fin Kicks

Using the BC• On Surface• Deflation• Bobbing Method


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THE SNORKELING SYSTEMSURFACE DIVES

Head-first Dive

Feet-first Dive

One-up – One-down


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THE SNORKELING SYSTEMEQUALIZING PRESSURE

Equalizing Mask Pressure

Equalizing Ear Pressure

Equalizing Sinus Pressure


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THE SNORKELING SYSTEMEXITS

Types of Exits

Safety Tips

Always choose the safest and easiest method which is appropriate for the dive spot.


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Assembling the Scuba Unit

Putting on the Scuba Unit• Sitting position• Standing position – Buddy Lift• In-water

Never leave your scuba unit standing! Always make sure that it is secured!

SCUBA DIVINGDIVING WITH THE SCUBA UNIT


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Pre-Dive Check• Visual Check• Active Check

Entry Procedures• Techniques• Safety aspects

Always choose the safest and easiest method, which is appropriate for the dive spot.


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The Mask• Cleaning• Clearing

Using the 2nd Stage• Breathing• Clearing the 2nd Stage• Retrieving the 2nd Stage

Surface Procedures• Using the BC• Snorkel Use in Scuba



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Descending

Neutral Buoyancy During Your Dive

Ascending & Surfacing• Procedures• Rate of Ascent• Dive Lines• Safety Stop• Surface Procedures

Scuba Exits• Boat Exits• Shore Exits



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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 2

In Workshop 1, we discussed the seven subsystems that make up your Total Diving System.

The assembly and preparation of the subsystems is essential for your comfort, safety, and enjoyment underwater.


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WORKSHOP 2

Let’s assemble your Total Diving System, as you would in preparation for a dive. Throughout a dive you will be exposed to increasing and decreasing pressure.

Proper use of your Total Diving System will enable you to manage the changes in pressure.

Let’s discuss how your Total Diving System helps you manage the effects of increasing pressure.


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SECTION 3YOUR BODY AND THE UNDERWATER WORLD


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SECTION 3YOUR BODY AND THE UNDERWATER WORLD OBJECTIVES

1. Learn the effects of increasing pressure on your body and Total Diving System.

2. Understand how breathing compressed air under pressure affects your body.

3. Study partial pressures and how it applies to divers.

4. Learn how to perform proper ascent procedures under normal and emergency situations.

5. Learn the causes and prevention of the diving maladies, e.g. – Nitrogen Narcosis, Air Embolism, and Decompression Sickness.


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EFFECTS OF INCREASING PRESSURE

Pressure• Definition• Pressure & Diving

Atmospheric Pressure

Ambient Pressure• Water is Heavier Than Air• Deeper = More Pressure


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Equalizing Pressure • How does pressure affect

the human body?• Boyle’s Law• Ears Underwater• Sinuses• Equipment• Lungs

Other Considerations• Reverse Block• Mask Squeeze


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BREATHING UNDERWATER

Diving Fitness

Cardiovascular Fitness• Importance of Good Circulation• Improve Circulation With Exercise

Healthy Lungs• Healthy Lungs are Important• Lung Problems


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BREATHING UNDERWATER

Breathing Control = Stress Control• Breathing Pattern• Anxiety• To Control Anxiety• Important Rule While Diving:

Never hold your breath!


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THE FUNCTION OF THE LUNGS

What are Lungs?• Function• Assembly

Gas Exchange• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

• Nitrogen• Carbon Dioxide Excess


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EFFECTS OF BREATHING COMPRESSED AIR – PARTIAL PRESSURE

Breathing at the Surface• Air is a Mixture of Gases• Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure• Function of Oxygen & Nitrogen in Body

Breathing Air Underwater• At Depth• Henry’s Law


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EFFECTS OF BREATHINGCOMPRESSED AIR – PARTIAL PRESSURE


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EFFECTS OF BREATHING COMPRESSED AIR – PARTIAL PRESSURE

Nitrogen Narcosis• Cause• Symptoms• Treatment• Prevention• Recreational Diving Limit

Open Water Divers are trained for 60 foot / 18 meter dives!


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ADAPTING TO THE UNDERWATER WORLD

Buoyancy• Positive Buoyancy• Negative Buoyancy• Neutral Buoyancy

Proper Weighting• Purpose• Proper Weighting Technique

Perfect buoyancy control is the best environmental protection!


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Controlling Buoyancy Underwater• On Descent• At Depth• Neutral Buoyancy• Reasons for Having Good

Buoyancy Control

Vision• Refraction• Limited Visibility (Turbid Water)

SSI Perfect Buoyancy Specialty Program


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Communication• Problems With Communication

Underwater• Communication Techniques

Exposure – Protection from the Environment• Body Heat Loss• Prevention


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EFFECTS OF DECREASING PRESSURE

Decreasing Pressure• Decreasing Pressure Occurs

when Ascending to the Surface• Prevention of Problems

Never hold your breath! Breathe normally all the time!


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OVEREXPANSION INJURIES

Air Embolism

Mediastinal Emphysema

Subcutaneous Emphysema

Pneumothorax

SSI Diver Stress & Rescue Specialty Program


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EFFECTS OF DECREASING PRESSURE

Decompression Sickness• Definition / Causes• DCS Symptoms• First Aid & Treatment• Prevention

First Aid for Divers• Asphyxiation• Be Prepared• First Aid• Treatment

DAN Emergency Training• DAN Basic Life Support• DAN Oxygen First Aid

for Scuba Diving• DAN Automated

External Defibrillation


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ASCENT PROCEDURES

Normal Ascents• Purpose• Key Points

Air Sharing• Purpose• Terms

Perform a Safety Stop after each dive!


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ASCENT PROCEDURES

Alternate Air Sharing Ascents• Key Points• Equipment Determines

Procedures

Emergency Ascents• Swimming Ascent• Buoyancy Ascent• Key Safety Points


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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 3

As a diver, understanding how changes in pressure effect your body and how we compensate for these changes is vital for your safety, comfort, and enjoyment.


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WORKSHOP 3

Avoiding the effects of squeeze and overexpansion is easy by breathing normally and following proper ascent and descent procedures. Developing good habits with these skills begins with your confined and open water sessions.

Let’s simulate a virtual dive in the “interactive classroom” to include:

• Entry• Descent• Neutral Buoyancy• Ascent• Exit


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SECTION 4PLANNING AND EXCECUTING YOUR DIVES


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SECTION 4PLANNING AND EXECUTING YOUR DIVEOBJECTIVES

1. Learn the benefits of owning and using a dive computer.

2. Discover common dive computer features and functions.

3. Study how other factors can affect nitrogen absorption and elimination, including decompression.

4. Learn the value of diving with a buddy and buddy team functioning.

5. Learn how to execute your dive.


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DIVE PLANNINGDecompression Theory Terminology

• Depth• Bottom Time (BT)• Residual Nitrogen• Surface Interval (SI)• Repetitive Dive• No-Decompression Limits• No-Decompression Dive• Decompression Dive


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USING DIVE COMPUTERS FOR REPETITIVE DIVING

Benefits of Computers

Common Computer Features• Planning Mode• Dive Mode• DiveLog Mode• Time to Fly• Alarms• Display Lighting• Units• Personal Computer Integration• Advanced Features

SSI recommends the use of Dive Computers!


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USING DIVE COMPUTERS FOR REPETITIVE DIVING

Computer Guidelines you should follow:1. Always have your own dive computer. Do not share a computer with

your buddy.

2. Check the computer’s battery life before diving.

3. Adhere to the limits of the computer. Make sure all safety warnings are observed.

4. Follow the ascent display or audible warning to stay within the proper ascent rate for the computer.

5. Remain within your limits and be conservative.

6. Plan and execute your dive carefully and have a contingency plan, if your computer fails.

SSI recommends to always perform Safe Diving Practices!


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OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING NITROGEN ABSORPTION AND DECOMPRESSION

Physical Factors

Altitude

Flying after Diving• Wait generally 24 hours

SSI Altitude Diving Specialty Program


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EXECUTING YOUR DIVE

Pre-Dive Briefing and Buddy Team Functioning

• Buddy System• Solo Diving• Pre-Dive Briefing• Dive Planning

Plan your dive and dive your plan!


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AVOIDING PANIC SITUATIONS

Causes of Panic• Breathing Distress• Mistaking Fiction for Reality• Environmental Conditions• Equipment• Comfort & Ability

Identifying the Panic Response• Ways to Identify Panic Responses in Divers• If you observe signs of panic in your buddy at depth• If you observe signs of panic in your buddy on the surface

Prevention of Panic


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EXECUTING YOUR DIVE

Review of Dive Procedures

Post Dive Briefing (Logging your Dive)• Record for future dive planning• Record of equipment uses• Record of training, logged dives,

and memories


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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 4

A diver, while breathing compressed air absorbs nitrogen. The deeper we go, the longer we stay, and the more dives we make will effect how much nitrogen we absorb. Our rate of ascent back to the surface is directly related to this level of nitrogen.


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WORKSHOP 4 Let’s discuss the most important subsystem of the Total Diving System which enables you to manage your rate of ascent at 30 feet per minute including a safety stop of 3-5 minutes at 15 feet. Executing and analyzing your dive are important aspects of dive planning. The Total DiveLog System will enable you to plan, execute, analyze, and remember your diving experiences.

Review your Total DiveLog:• Levels of Certification and Recognition• Personal Information and Training Record• Levels 1-5 DiveLog Pages• Specialty Diver Record• Scuba Skills Update Record• Equipment Record


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SECTION 5YOUR UNDERWATER WORLD


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SECTION 5YOUR UNDERWATER WORLDOBJECTIVES

1. Understand the fundamentals of wave, tide, and current action.

2. Explain how waves, tides, and currents affect divers.

3. Learn proper diving techniques as they relate to surge and surf.

4. Discover how coral reefs play an important role in the environment.

5. Identify many species of marine life including potentially hazardous marine life.


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THE OCEAN ENVIRONMENT

Salt Water• Salinity• Photosynthesis

Fresh Water• Evaporation• Freezing• Ice Melt


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WATER MOVEMENT AND DIVING

Tidal Currents• Flood Current• Ebb Current• Slack Time• Diving in Tidal Currents

Always start the dive against the current when diving locally! Do not fight against a strong current for a long period of time!

Tides• Causes• High and Low Tide


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Ocean Currents

Thermoclines• Definition• Freshwater Diving• Dressing for Thermoclines

Waves• Causes• Size of Waves• Wavelength, Trough & Wave Energy• Confused Sea


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Entering and Exiting when diving from a Boat

• Procedures• Avoiding Seasickness

SSI Boat Diving Specialty Program



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Surf and Surge• Surf• Surf Zone• Types of Breakers• Surge

Entering and Exiting Surf

SSI Waves, Tides & Currents Specialty Program


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Localized Currents• Longshore Currents• Rip Currents

Diving with Localized Currents• Rip Current• Boat Diving in Currents• Drift Diving• Safety Stops in Currents• If caught in Current


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UNDERWATER LIFE

The Coral Reef• Development• Hard Corals• Soft Corals

Worms

Mollusks• Gastropod • Bi-valves • Cephalopods

SSI ECOlogical Diver Program


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Crustaceans

Echinoderms

Vertebrates

Tropical Reef Fish

UNDERWATER LIFE


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UNDERWATER LIFE

Potentially Harmful Marine Life

• Basic rules• Sculpin, Scorpion

Fish, Stone Fish• Eels• Stinging Animals• Sea Urchin• Sharks• Barracudas

SSI Shark Diving Specialty Program


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UNDERWATER LIFE

Cold Water Marine Environments

• Kelp• Cold Water Formations• Artificial Reefs

Freshwater Environments• Freshwater Environments• Freshwater Diving• Freshwater Life


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DIAMOND DIALOGUE 5

The more you know about the aquatic world, the better diver you will be. The basic knowledge and practical information about water movement and aquatic life will enhance your diving experience.


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WORKSHOP 5

Discuss the following considerations about your local dive sites:• Entry Techniques• Exit Techniques• Aquatic Life• Special Equipment Considerations

Perhaps the most critical skill to master as a competent scuba diver is navigation. Divers must be able to follow a planned set of directions underwater and reach the planned exit point accurately:• Discuss natural navigation• Discuss how a compass works• Conduct a reciprocal compass program• Discuss the SSI Navigation Specialty Program


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SECTION 6YOUR SCUBA DIVING EXPERIENCES AND BEYOND


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SECTION 6YOUR SCUBA DIVING EXPERIENCES AND BEYOND OBJECTIVES

1. Learn the reasons you should complete referrals through the Universal Referral Network.

2. Learn how Continuing Education will improve scuba skills.

3. Understand why diving experience is required for SSI Continuing Education.

4. Learn why Continuing Education cards are important.


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YOUR SCUBA DIVING EXPERIENCES AND BEYOND

Your Open Water Dives• With your SSI Dive Center• By Referral

College Credit for Scuba Courses


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YOUR DIVING ADVENTURES

Finding Dive Buddies

Joining a Dive Club

Diving at Home

Diving on Vacation

Getting the Family Involved• Scuba Rangers• Junior Open Water Diver

Stay Proficient

Keep Learning


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Specialty Course Programs

Continuing Education Ratings• Specialty Diver

(2 Specialty Courses + 12 Logged Dives)• Advanced Open Water Diver

(4 Specialty Courses + 24 Logged Dives)• Master Diver

(4 Specialty Courses + Diver Stress & Rescue + 50 Logged Dives)

Record Keeping

Frequently Asked Questions

BEYOND OPEN WATER DIVER


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Sharing Your Adventure• SSI Dive Guide• SSI Divemaster• SSI Dive Control Specialist• SSI Open Water Instructor• SSI Advanced Open Water Instructor• SSI Dive Control Specialist Instructor• Master Instructor• SSI Instructor Trainer

Check with your SSI Dive Center for your personal career options!


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Lifetime of Adventure• Levels of Experience• Levels of Recognition

• Century Diver• Gold500 Diver• Platinum1000 Diver• Platinum5000 Diver

Keep Scuba Diving Strong


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RECOMMENDED DEPTH LIMITSIN RECREATIONAL DIVING

Scuba Diver – 40 ft / 12 m

Junior Scuba Diver – 40 ft / 12 m

(Diving only with Dive Leader!)

Open Water Diver – 60 ft / 18 m

Junior Open Water Diver Age: 15 years – 60 ft / 18 m

Junior Open Water Diver Age: 11 years – 40 ft / 12 m

(After certification without further training)

Advanced Adventurer – 100 ft / 30 m

(If a Deep Dive was conducted within the program!)

Junior Advanced Adventurer – 60 ft / 18 m

Deep Diving Specialty Program – 130 ft / 40 m


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DIAMOND DIALOG 6 When you become a certified scuba diver, your adventure begins! Combining proper knowledge, skills, equipment and experience will greatly enhance your proficiency as a diver. SSI’s Continuing Education courses offer you a pathway to becoming a safer, more competent diver.


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DIAMOND WORKSHOP 6 Discuss:

1.The fundamentals of wave, tide, and current action.

2.How waves, tides, and currents affect divers.

3.Proper diving techniques as they relate to surge and surf.

4.How coral reefs play an important role in the environment.

5.Identify many species of marine life including potentially hazardous marine life.


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Open Water Diver

CONGRATULATIONS!


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APPENDIXPLANNING AND EXECUTING YOUR DIVE – DIVE TABLES


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DIVE PLANNING

The Dive Profile

Dive Tables and Terminology• Bottom Time (BT)• Decompression Dive• Depth• Doppler Limits• Group Designation Letter• No-Decompression Dive• Repetitive Dive• Residual Time (RT)• Surface Interval• Total Time (TT)


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Table 1: The No-Decompression

Limits Table• Purpose• Understanding• Key Points• Examples

DIVE PLANNING

3

4


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Table 2: The Surface Interval Table• Purpose• Understanding• Key Points• Examples

DIVE PLANNING


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Table 3:The Residual Nitrogen Times Table• Purpose• Understanding• Key Points• Examples

DIVE PLANNING


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Repetitive Dives and the Dive Profile:• Dive Profile• Understanding• General Rules

Note:• Safety Stop

3-5 Minutes at 15 ft (5m) Depth• Maximum Ascent Rate

30ft (9m) per Minute• No-Decompression Dive

DIVE PLANNING


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1st Dive

(52ft/16m for 36 min.) OWD-Manual Appendix

2nd Dive (40 ft/12m

for 40 min.)

OWD-Manual Appendix

EXAMPLE:

G 1 30 E

5203636

I 1 30 F

40494089

E


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3rd Dive (20ft/6m)

OWD-Manual Appendix

Plan another series of 3 dives!

EXAMPLE:

20159

F

Open water diver pe gs english 2013

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