“Open Systems – Open Source”

Pennsylvania Digital Government Summit

June 16, 2008

John Punzak

Director, S&L/Education

Open Source Methods Spreading

Wikipedia will soon be 12 times larger than Britannica, equal in quality

A new blog is created every second (Tapscott, 2/07) Amount of FLOSS used in EU represents 131,000 real­

person­years of effort and a value of 12 billion Euro (United Nations University – MERIT)

375,000 new MySpace users every day, will soon reach one billion

The situation

Three boys wanted to email a video clip to friends. They failed. 

The idea

So they built an on­line system for video sharing in two hours.

The domain name was registered on the 2/14/05. The site was open to the public by May, 2005. 

The result

It was an instant hit; word of mouth fuelled the initial growth.

Millions around the world share their videos with one another, some creating instant global stars

Google, Inc  acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in 10/06

Your home made movies

The situation

GoldCorp, Inc wanted to increase its mining success rate in an old mine called Red Lake, in Canada

The CEO decided they should share all available company­owned geological data of the mine with everyone on the Internet

They offered $575,000 prize money to the whoever that could use the data to tell them to find at least 6 million ounces of gold

The result

1,400 scientists, engineers, and geologists from 50 countries downloaded the company's data and started their virtual exploration

Goldcorp drilled four of the winners' targets and have hit on all four

The prize winner? Fractal Graphics, a software firm based in Perth – never seen a mine, doesn't understand the gold business

The company shot from US$100 million to US$9 billion in revenue

Gold digging goes open source

Massachusetts Institute of Technology is leading the way

MIT OCW shares free lecture notes, exams, and other resources from more than 1,700 courses spanning MIT's entire curriculum

40 million visits from virtually every country on earth

Education Get IT

   “Frustrated that over two decades of research have failed to produce an AIDS vaccine, Microsoft Corporation Chairman Bill Gates is tying his foundation's latest, biggest AIDS-vaccine grants to a radical concept. Those who get the money must first agree to share the results of their work in short order”

- Wall Street Journal, July 26, 2006

Even Bill Gates embraces open source

A. There is no secret. A. There is no secret. 

It's out there for everyone to share, understand, and tap into. 

The best ideas (and technology) win. 

Q: What is the secret to the successes of 

these businesses?

What is an Open Standard?

Standards, instructions or “blueprints” that are

created and maintained in an open manner. Using

a democratic approach where no single individual

or company controls the standard. Open standards

provide choice and interoperability between

systems.

A type of open standard software defined by its 

collaborative development model, accessibility of code 

and distribution models

This is in contrast with proprietary software which is only 

available in a binary or “closed” format and typically carries 

a license fee

So what is Open Source Software?

10

Binary code:

11

Open Source code:

#include <stdio.h>

int main (void)

{

printf("hello, world!\n");

return 0;

}

12

Returns control.

Security reinforced through transparency.

Multiplies the development capacity.

Wired Magazine, Dec 2004

Bugs per 1000 Lines of Code

Linux 2.6 Kernel 0.17 Stanford University/CoverityProprietary Software 10 to 20 Carnegie Mellon Cylab

Open Source – a better way

13

Open Source Vulnerabilities

Linux and RHEL have outstanding security records Red Hat Network providing a fast, scalable, 

consistent patch delivery capability During 2005 RHEL had 17 critical flaws in 10 months 

–  fixed & on RHN for public download within 2 days Much faster than typical the Microsoft fix, which 

has no consistent delivery mechanism

Critical 17

Important 132

Moderate 141

Low 93

RHEL4 Vulnerabilities15-Feb-05 - 20-Dec-05

Rating Median fix < 1 dayCritical 0 87%Important 6 34%Moderate 12 26%Low 29 19%All 10 30%

““By 2011, at least 80% of all commercial By 2011, at least 80% of all commercial 

software solutions will be based on open software solutions will be based on open 

source.”source.”

IGNORING OPEN SOURCE IS NO LONGER AN OPTIONIGNORING OPEN SOURCE IS NO LONGER AN OPTION

“Open source is the biggest change in corporate IT since distributed

computing. It is not a niche, not a fad. Competing against open source is like

tilting at windmills."

- Gartner Open Source Summit, September 2007

Government Adoption Trends

Worldwide, 265 government policy initiatives ranging from pilot projects to preferences (and even mandates) for the use of OSS  (Center for Strategic and International Studies – April 2006)

Most OSS policy initiatives are in Europe (47%), Asia (27%), LATAM (15%) followed by N. America (9%)

Local/state level more likely to be approved by council/legislative action

***Data taken from CSIS Study on Government Open Source Policies

Public sector organizations must cut costs in an environment of software upgrades, security issues and piracy

The level of acceptance of open source has been raised

The need to provide increased access for business and people

Like 'transfer systems,' the software can be shared

“ NOBODY IS AS SMART AS EVERYBODY”

Why Governments move to open source

Red Hat develops only open source solutions Linux operating system JBoss java­standard middleware

Pioneered software as a service concept Only market subscriptions

We actively contribute to the major open source projects Seven of the top linux kernel developers are Red Hat employees Largest corporate contributor to linux kernel 40% of employees develop or support open source projects

Red Hat's role in open source

Text book example: RHEL5 Linux

50,000 packages5,000 packages1,500 packages

Millions of developersThousands of developersHundreds of developers

One fee covers everything:

Software− Red Hat Enterprise Linux or JBoss java middleware

Certifications− Over 3,200 certified applications, over 1,100 certified systems

Upgrades to new versions and maintenance− Red Hat delivers new features, bug fixes and security updates

Enterprise­class technical support− Up to 24x7 with 1 hour response & unlimited calls

− 100% RHCE staff

Software as a subscription

No risk software development model

Minimal capital required to do a POC

Develop an indigenous industry Higher education Offender management (NCOMS)

Ability to customize the software

Fulfil a commitment to democratizing knowledge

Reduce the cost of IT purchases

How Governments benefit

U.S. Air Force

DISA

Army

Navy

Marine Corp

Coast Guard

NASA

FAA

DHS

NOA

Census Bureau

DOJ

GSA

Energy

PTO

U.S. CourtsHow prevalent is Linux in Government?All cabinet-level departments in the Federal Government and

State and Local governments across all 50 states are running

linux.

U.S. Federal Government OSS users

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City of New York DoITT City of Chicago Penn State University University of Michigan City of Houston Louisiana Health & Human Services City of Philadelphia Los Angeles County State of North Carolina ITS Minnesota Department of Natural Resources California DOJ Johns Hopkins University University of Phoenix Miami-Dade County, FL University of Chicago Massachusetts ITD Wisconsin DET Georgia University System NY State Insurance Dept. MD Anderson

Connecticut DoIT Indiana University Florida EPA NC DPI Minnesota DOT Pennsylvania OIT DeKalb County, GA NC University System Henrico County, VA City of Seattle Purdue University Arizona State University MIT CUNY & SUNY University of Texas Florida Department of Health Carnegie Mellon University Baltimore County, MD Emory University City of Los Angeles

Sampling of 5,000+ users in the U.S.

Background: Large municipal government

Goals:  Reduce costs, migrate to flexible platforms

Previous infrastructure: Sun Sparc / Solaris

Solution:   Platform:   Red Hat on HP / Intel servers  Applications: Oracle 9i, Legato, HP MSL Tape Library Services:   Red Hat, HP and System Solutions Inc (SSI).

Benefits: 3x performance improvement, lower server acquisition and maintenance costs, increased hardware options

Results: Given the success of their first project, most of the City's database and infrastructure servers have been migrated to Red Hat (60+ to date) http://www.fcw.com/article96236-09-27-06-Web

Case Study: City of Chicago

Background: Central IT agency for the state

Goals: Drive costs down, lower charge­back rates to clients

Previous infrastructure: HP, Sun, IBM Unix servers

Solution:   Platform:  Red Hat on over 300 servers (HP, Dell, IBM) Applications: Various from many agencies Services:  Red Hat training & certification

Benefits: RHEL is the state standard, costs are much lower and now more predictable, staff have enterprise level linux skills

Results: More competitive charge­back rates has allowed them to recapture department clients previously lost

Case Study: North Carolina ITS

Layer By Layer....

Content Management

Business Intelligence

ERP

CRM

Email / Collaboration

Back up & recovery

Systems monitoring

Database

Application Server / SOA / ESB

Gartner's App Server Magic Quadrant

27

Other Industry Opinions

Aberdeen Group

Open source portal solutions cost ½ to 1/3 of traditional solutions

Rapid growth in portal segment is traced primarily to the low cost

of entry for open source solutions

Robert Francis Group

Linux is 40% less expensive than Windows for hosting web

applications on the x86 architecture

http://www-03.ibm.com/linux/whitepapers/robertFrancesGroupLinuxTCOAnalysis05.pdf

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Key Drivers:

Simple

Open

Affordable

Service Oriented Architecture benefits:

• Easier integration

• Greater code re-use

• Reduced development costs

• Rapid component reuse

HRFinance

VerticalApps

Can Open Source play in SOA?

JBoss Microkernel

Applications, Web Services, and Business Processes

Multi-Vendor JVM, OS, Platform

JBos

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JBos

sM

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JBos

sC

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Apa

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Tom

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#1

Hib

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#1

JBos

sPo

rtal

JBos

sjB

PM

JBos

sR

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JBos

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#1

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Open source Java Middleware

30

Typical Projection:

Assumptions: BEA WebLogic Premium license price = $17,000/CPU; includes 1 year support 30% discount on license price, Annual support & maintenance = 21% of list license price Start with 32 CPUs deployed and add 16 CPUs in years 2 & 3

Open source (no fee) licensing model

JBoss Government Customers

PAOH

VA KY

NC TN

GAAL

FL

CO

NM

TX

OK

KS

AR

MO

WI

IL

IA

SD

MN ND

MEWA

ID

MTOR NY

MI WY

CA

NVNE

UT IN

AZ SC

MSLA

W

V

= Approved as state standard

Background: IT for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Goals:  Drive down the cost of the application server tier

Previous infrastructure: BEA on HP­UX Unix

Solution:   Platform:  JBoss Application Server, JPortal Applications: Mass.gov state portal site Services:  JBoss Services

Benefits: Delivering more performance for 1/3 the costs

Results: Migrated from HP­UX Superdome to IBM Blade Server for significant cost savings.  Like the 'one vendor solution.'

Case Study: Massachusetts ITD

Background: State Courts

Goals:  Drive down the cost of the application server tier

Previous infrastructure: BEA on Unix

Solution:   Platform:    JBoss Enterprise Middleware Suite (JEMS) Applications:  UCS (Court Case Management Systems) Services:    Unisys Professional Services

Benefits: Delivering same performance for ¼ of the cost

Results: Have migrated 5 court applications from Weblogic to JBoss Application Server.  Standardized on one vendor for entire stack needs.

Case Study: New York State Unified Courts

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Unix – to – Linux migrations for database servers

Edge of network/firewall roll out on linux

Print & file services

JBoss Middleware

Move JBoss from Dev/Test into production, turn on support

Cost reduction on maintenance of BEA Weblogic or IBM Websphere migrating applications to Jboss

Cost avoidance of BEA or IBM license fees by shifting new java projects to JBoss

Classic “Getting Started” Projects

Stronger negotiating position

Lower IT costs because of competition (Texas HHSC)

Information sharing among government entities (NCOMS)

Interoperability with existing systems (Cal DOJ)

Ability to influence development process

What does OSS java mean for Government?

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Layer­by­layer, open source is changing the value equation

Customers have increased leverage & choice

Global FileSystem

Xen Virtualization

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

JBoss ApplicationPlatform

JBoss Portal Platform,JBoss jBPM, Rules

JBoss SOA Platform,MetaMatrix

VeritasStorage Suite

VM Ware

AIX, HP-UX, Solaris

BEA WebLogic,IBM WebSphere

BEA/IBM Portal, BEA BPM, ILOG JRules

BEA AquaLogic, IBM ESB,BEA DataServices,IBM EII

$60,000/CPU

$50,000/CPU

$10,000/CPU

Bundled w/HW

$2,500/host

$4,500/CPU---------------$500,500

$10,000/Server

$3,375/CPU

$1,688/CPU

$2,500/Server

Inc. w/RHEL

Inc. w/RHEL--------------- $32,750

Open Source is Changing IT Economics

<--- 4 CPU Configurations --->

Wikinomics, by Donald Tapscot

The World is Flat, by Thomas Freidman

Cathederal & the Bazaar, by Eric Raymond

Revolution OS (dvd)

Want to learn more?