Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

30
Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea University of Milano-Bicocca , 6 march 2012 Lucien Chabason, President of the Blue Plan Member of the scientific and technical committee, FPA2

description

Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea University of Milano-Bicocca , 6 march 2012 Lucien Chabason, President of the Blue Plan Member of the scientific and technical committee, FPA2. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Page 1: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

University of Milano-Bicocca , 6 march 2012

Lucien Chabason, President of the Blue PlanMember of the scientific and technical committee, FPA2

Page 2: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

The Mediterranean sea: classical environmental problems/emerging

issues Despite their seriousness,global issues related

to the marine environment should not lead to neglecting classical policies

As a consequence, governance of the Mediterranean Sea should be reshuffled with a view of properly adressing new challenges in an integrated approach

22

Page 3: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 33

Continuous/Increasing pressures at the regional and local levels

Page 4: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 44

Demography

1970 2000 2025

Pays rive Nord

169 193 197

Pays rive Est et Sud

116 234 327

Total Méd 285 427 524

Population des pays méditerranéens, en million d’habitants

Indice de fécondité

Page 5: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 55

Page 6: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 66

Littoralisation

Page 7: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 77

Tourism

Trend of receipts of the international tourism per tourist, 1970-2007 (US dollars)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

US

Do

llars

p

er

tou

rist

Mediterranean

World

• Purveyor of employment and foreign currencies

• Highly vulnerable to downturns

• 40% of touristic arrivals by plane, 52% terrestrial

• Seasonal concentration still important

• Few development apart from coastal areas

• 275 million international visitors

• 30% of the world’s international tourism

Page 8: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Industrial pollution

88

• Northern countries more proficient in matters of pollution sources monitoring than Southern basin

• General parameters more monitored than hazardous substances

Production of energyManufacture of metals Manufacture of cement Oil refining

4 sectors responsible for the highest emissions of hazardous substances

Distribution of releases of BOD from point sources in the Mediterranean region ,2003 (kg/an)

Oil refining,Food packing,

Farming of animals

Responsible of 87% of regional BOD emissions

Page 9: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Transportation

99

• 30% of the total final energy consumption

• 20 % of the total CO² emissions in 2005 but growth of 65% in the SEMCs

• Steady growth of road and air transport since the 1990s

• 50% rise in the capacity in the Mediterranean harbours

Container traffic in Mediterranean harbours, 2005 (TEU)

Page 10: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Classical features of marine environment

degradation remain a matter of concern (despite recent improvement)

1010

Page 11: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Pollution from ships

1111

Trend in distribution of accident types and released quantities (releases above 700 tonnes ), 1977-2007,

(tonnes)

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

160 000

77-84 85-91 92-97 98-03 04-07

Other accidents

Foundering

Terminal operation

Collision/Contact

Grounding

Fire/Explosion

Page 12: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 1212

Page 13: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 1313

Page 14: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Pollution from cities

1414

Cities with or without wastewater treatment plaint

Page 15: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 1515

Heavy metals

Page 16: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Eutrophication

1616

Page 17: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Erosion of biodiversity

1717

Page 18: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Fisheries

1818

Page 19: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Recent and / or emerging issues

1919

Page 20: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Aquaculture

2020

Page 21: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Offshore oil drilling activities

2121

Page 22: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Introduction of non-indigeneous species

2222

Page 23: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Desalinization

2323

Page 24: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Climate change and the Mediterranean Sea

2424

Sea temperature rising Observed temperatures : cf. 1979 -

2003

Page 25: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne 2525

Comparaison des températures (en °C) et des précipitations (en %) actuelles avec celles projetées pour 2100

Page 26: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

The future of deltas

2626

Page 27: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Climate change and coastal tourism

2727

Page 28: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Climate change and fresh water

2828

Page 29: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Need for research on ecological changes due to climate change (acidification, species migration …)

2929

Page 30: Open questions as regards the protection of the environment in the Mediterranean Sea

Avec le soutien de la Commission Européenne

Towards a new governance for the Mediterranean Sea

3030

Integrating regional bodies activities (MAP, GFCM, IUCN, ICCAT…)

Bridging the implementation gap of the Barcelona Convention and protocols

Strengthening national capacities with the support of the European Union

Increasing the level of investments for the protection of the marine environment