Open Learning Book cad

City & Guilds 4353-21 Award

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGNPARAMETRIC MODELLINGLevel 1

www.mawdesign.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk

2010

2010

ByMorris A Wordsworth

Autodesk Authorised Training Centre Manager (Retired)Doncaster College ICT Academy

City & Guilds Assessor

Courseware for theCity & Guilds 4353-21 Award

Computer Aided DesignParametric Modelling

Level 1

MAW DESIGN SERVICES36 Auckland Road, Doncaster

South Yorkshire, DN2 4AG UKTel: +44 (0)1302 366 456 Mobile: +44 (0)780 799 6024 Fax: +44 (0)870 136 7374

[email protected] www.mawdesign.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk

Acknowledgements:Allan Edlington, David Preston

Autodesk LtdCity & Guilds

© Copyright 2009 MAW Design ServicesAll Rights Reserved

This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purposewithout the express permission of MAW DESIGN SERVICES.

COURSE CONTENT

Tutor Guidance and Autodesk Inventor Configuration Tutor

Introduction Introduction

Use Associated IT and CAD Hardware andOperating Systems Section 1

Use Basic File Management Techniques andMaintain Heath and Safety Requirements Section 2

Understand the Parametric Modelling Process, theUser Interface and How to Access Help and Tutorials Section 3

Use a Range of Commands to Create andConstrain Sketches Section 4

Use the Range of Commands to ProduceExtruded and Revolved Features Section 5

Use Placed Featues to Modify ParametricModels Section 6

Use Methods to Create Assemblies Section 7

Use the Drawing Layout Environment toProduce Hard Copies Section 8

Further Parametric Modelling Exercises Section 9

Sample Practical Assignments Section 10

Understanding First and Third Angle Projection Appendix A

Autodesk Inventor / Windows Keyboard Shortcuts Appendix B

o-o-0-o-o

MAW DESIGN SERVICES36 Auckland Road, Doncaster

South Yorkshire, DN2 4AG UKTel: +44 (0)1302 366 456 Mobile: +44 (0)780 799 6024 Fax: +44 (0)870 136 7374

[email protected] www.mawdesign.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk

MAW Design Services Tutor Guidance 01

Inventor Training 4353-21 Parametric Modelling - Level 1

Tutor Guidance andAutodesk InventorConfiguration

City & Guilds 4353-21 CAD Parametric Modelling - Level 1

MAW Design ServicesTutor Guidance 02

Inventor Training4353-21 Parametric Modelling - Level 1

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Tutor Guidance andAutodesk Inventor Configuration

These notes have been written in such a way to illustrate best practicemethods, and as such Autodesk Inventor needs to be configured tohelp reflect these methods.

It is recommended therefore, that Tutor's ensure that their CAD workstations are configured inthe following manner to assist the CAD Parametric Modelling user in following this coursewarefor the City & Guilds 4353-21 CAD Parametric Modelling module.

Course File Management

For the purpose of these notes, all course files are referred to asbeing in the 2010 4353-21 folder (directory) under Student. It isrecommended therefore, that these folders be created and all course files are placed therein.

The courseware files can be installed to any local or network, but the files and folders musthave read/write status set. Therefore, a system of replacing the courseware files periodicallywould be advisable.

Autodesk Inventor Installation

In order that the coursware performs correctly, it is necessary for the ISO standard to bechosen when Autodesk Inventor is installed and not the default ANSI standard.

This is necessary so that new files created by Autodesk Inventor are in metric (mm) units,instead of the default imperial (inches) units.

Graphics Card

It is recommended that the latest Autodesk approved Graphics Card Driver for Inventor isinstalled, for optimum performance and to prevent system crashes.

A link to approved Graphics Card Drivers can be found on the installation disk and on the Helpmenu within Autodesk Inventor.



2 Click the Open button on the Quick Launch Toolbar, then on the Open dialog box,click the Projects... button to display the its dialog box.

Figure 01 Projects - Select a project file

3 Click the New button at the bottom of the dialog box to display the Inventor projectwizard.

Select the New Single User Project radio button and click the Next button.

Selecting the Courseware Project File

It is also recommended that other settings within Autodesk Inventer be optimised for use withthis courseware.

1 Load Autodesk Inventor by double-clicking the startup icon on the computer desktop(or by using the Start > Programs method).

AutodeskInventor 2010



Figure 02 Inventor project wizard

4 Enter 2010 4353-21 in the Name text box, then type in or navigate to display theStudent\2010 4353-21 path in the Project (Workspace) Folder text box shown above.

Now click the Next button, thenclick on the Finish button.

If the project path does not exist, theInventor Project Editor box may bedisplayed seeking permission tocreate one.

Figure 03 Inventor Project Editor

Figure 04 Projects - 2010 4353-21

Back in the Projects dialog box, double-click on 2010 4353-21 to activate.



Application Options

7 On the Application Menu, click the Options button to display the ApplicationOptions dialog box (or click the Application Options button on the Options panel ofthe Tools tab on the Ribbon).

At the start of an Inventor design modelling session, the Projects button would beselected to ensure the 2010 4353-21 project is activated. If not, then double-click2010 4353-21 to activate.

Setting Up the Project File

5 In the bottom Project pane, ensure theUse Styles Library is set to Yes, inorder to save any changes made in theStyles and Standards Editor.

If set to Read Only or No, right-clickand change to Yes.

Click the Save button, then the Donebutton to return to the Open dialog boxand click the Cancel button to exit.

Figure 05 Use Style Library = Yes

Figure 06 Application Options > General tab

8 Select the Colors tab and from the Color Scheme pane, select Presentation.



Figure 07 Application Options > Colors tab

9 Select the Sketch tab and ensure the check-boxes are ticked for Edit dimensionwhen created, Autoproject edges for sketch creation and edit, and Autoprojectpart origin on sketch create (see overpage).



Figure 08 Application Options > Sketch tab

Enhanced Graphics Detail

10 The Display Quality for Model files is controlled by the Application Options dialogbox and can be set to one of four options: Rough, Medium, Smooth, and Smoother.

Select the Display tab and ensure the Display quality: is shown as Smoother.



Figure 09 Application Options > Display tab

11 Now click the Apply button and then the Close button to exit.

12 For Drawing files, the Display Quality is controlled by the Modeling tab on theDocument Settings dialog box, accessed from the Options panel on the Tools tab ofthe Ribbon.

Ensure that the setting to Maintain Enhanced Graphics Detail is toggled On.

13 Now click the Apply button and then the Close button to exit.

Figure 10 Document Settings > Modeling Tab



File Management Exercise

To complete the exercise on File Management in Section 02 of this courseware, eachstudent will require access to two folders (directories) each with a sub-folder, and located inthe 2010 43 53-21 folder (C:\Student\2010 4353-21|File Management Ex Backup andC:\Student\2010 4353-21\File Management Exercise). Each sub-folder to be named FileManagement and comprised of the following files:

4353 Level1.ipj Fancy Bracket.pdfBase Plate.idw Readme.docBevel Square.iam Steel Collar.iptC&G Logo.jpg Valve Casting.wmfConduit Tee.png

Folder Structure - Windows XP

Figure 09 File Management Folders (Windows XP Theme)



Folder Structure - Windows Vista

Figure 10 File Management Folder (Windows Vista Theme)


MAW Design Services Introduction-1

Introduction toComputer Aided DesignParametric ModellingLevel 1


MAW Design ServicesIntroduction-2

Inventor Training4353-21 Parametric Modelling - Leve 1



MAW Design Services Introduction-3

Introduction

WELCOME to the 4353 CAD Parametric Modelling Scheme using Autodesk Inventor.

City & Guilds 4353 CAD Parametric Modelling SchemeThese training notes have been designed to introduce the user to ICT, Windows OperatingSystem, and the basic Autodesk Inventor modelling and editing commands, to provide a broadlevel of understanding required to appreciate the essential concepts and principles of usingAutodesk Inventor in Windows XP/Vista.

The notes have been arranged in such a manner to develop the ICT and CAD ParametricModelling skills necessary to take you step by step, through the exercises and assignments,and reflect the actual areas of expertise that are required for the City & Guilds 4353-21Computer Aided Design Parametric Modelling - Level 1 Award.

It is not the purpose of these notes to explore every facet of ICT and Autodesk Inventor, butmerely to prepare you for the City & Guilds practical assignments and on-line multi-choicequestion test. You will, no doubt, further explore the commands used and others, at somefuture time.

Whilst some experience of 3D parametric modelling would be an advantage, knowledge of theapplication software is not considered a prerequisite to undertaking this course.

4353-21 CAD Parametric Modelling - Level 1

This award is a Vocationally Related Qualification (VRQ) in Computer AidedDesign Parametric Modelling. It has been designed by City & Guilds to meettheir customers' needs for more modern, up-to-date and flexible qualifications. Itis accredited as part of the National Qualifications Framework. The emphasis is on 'learning bydoing' and for this reason candidates are required to complete a number of assignments.These show candidates' attainment of practical skills, which imply their understanding of theknowledge required.

Required Course Notes

Section 1 through Section 10

Assessment

The 4353-21 scheme is assessed on the satisfactory completion of the standardassignments and on-line test:

One multi-choice question test on-line:

Test 4353-21-001

Two practical assignments as follows:

PA 4353-21-002 PA 4353-21-003

MAW Design ServicesIntroduction-4

Inventor Training4353-21 Parametric Modelling - Leve 1




Assessment



Test 4353-22-004


PA 4353-22-005 PA 4353-22-006




Assessment



Test 4353-23-007


PA 4353-23-008 PA 4353-23-009

Student Note:

Autodesk InventorFor the purpose of these notes, all course files arereferred to as being in a Student\2010 4353-21 folder(directory) on Root (probably C: Drive).

Denotes for information only.

MAW Design Services Section 01-1


Use Associated IT, CADHardware and OperatingSystems


Outcome References:1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5

1

MAW Design ServicesSection 01-2





Use Associated IT, CAD Hardware andOperating SystemsInformation Technology

Information Technology (IT) is made up of the transfer, processing and storage of information(eg graphics, vectors, text, sound, numbers, etc.) using computers, telecommunication net-works and other electronic devices.

One of the largest areas in IT is the use of computers. They enable you to process informationand perform specific tasks much more quickly than you could do yourself.

CAD Parametric Modelling Hardware

Personal Computer (PC)

The computer most used in the home and work environment is known as the PersonalComputer and is the backbone of any CAD workstation. It is a device that manipulates dataaccording to a set of instructions.

Hardware

The various items of equipment that make up a personal computer system are called hardware.These are all parts you can actually touch, including input devices such as the mouse andkeyboard, together with the computer case and all the physical parts inside it.

Figure 01 Personal Computer, Monitor, Keyboard and Mouse



Peripheral Devices

The computer may have any number of other components attached to it collectively referred toas Peripheral Devices. These also come under the hardware category and may consist of:

Floppy Disk Drive Hard Disk Drive CD-ROM DriveZip Drive DVD Drive USB Flash (Memory) DriveKeyboard Mouse VDU (Monitor)Modem Scanner SpeakersDigitiser Graphics Card Printer/Plotter

A combination of the above can usually be found on a CAD workstation

Input and Output Devices

Of these peripheral devices, some are termed Input devices and others Output devices.Some examples are:

Input Devices Output DevicesMouse VDU (Monitor)Keyboard ScannerDigitiser SpeakersTrackball Printer/Plotter

Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main microprocessor and together with themotherboard, graphics card and memory make up the basic essentials of a personal computer.

The CPU is regarded as the brain of a personal computer system and performs calculations oninputted data and determines what to do with the results of those calculations. The CPU’sactivities are co-ordinated by a clock which is used to synchronise all the internal processeswithin it. The unit of time for each movement of data is called a cycle and the clock speed ismeasured in Megahertz (MHz). One megahertz equals one million cycles per second.Obviously, the faster the CPU, the faster the data is processed, and hence, the computer runsmuch more quickly.

Motherboard

The Motherboard is a key component of the computer, as all other devices are connected toit and it serves as the link between them. It is the data and power infrastructure for the entirecomputer.

Graphics Card

The Graphics Card (sometimes called the video card/processingcard) interprets the data generated by the computer and displays iton the Visual Display Unit (VDU),often called a Monitor.

A modern graphics card is made up of a circuit board with memoryand its own dedicated processor. The processor is designedspecifically to handle the intense computational requirements ofdisplaying graphics.

Figure 02 Keyboard and Mouse

Figure 03 Graphics Card



Figure 04 Monitors

Types of Memory

The information stored on a computer is kept in its memory. The two main types of memory areTemporary (RAM) and Permanent (ROM) memory.

Any data in the computer’s temporary memory will be lost when the computer is switched off,while the data in the computer’s permanent memory is retained.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is a computer’s main memory store and can be written to and read from. It acts astemporary storage for any programs that are running and the data they are using. It also storesthe data being transferred to and from the various parts of the computer, but all data will be lostwhen the computer is shut down.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Programs and data stored in a computers ROM cannot be changed during normal operationsand are retained when the computer is shut down.

Visual Display Unit (VDU)

The Visual Display Unit (or Monitor) has a screen that presents the visual information aboutthe computer’s activity and is the most-used device on a personal computer.

Screen sizes are normally measured in inches from corner to corner diagonally. Popularscreen sizes in use for CAD are 19", 21" and upwards.

The Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) monitor screen is made up of a series of dots, called pixels,and the greater the number of pixels on display, the greater is the resolution (ie betterdefinition). CAD users should aim for a minimum resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels, whilst thoseusing the larger screens often have them set as high as 1600 x 1200. The higher the screenresolution, the more you can fit on the screen, but each item on the screen will look smaller.

The disadvantage of CRT monitors are in their size, weight and the screen is bowed,sometimes distorting lines at the edge of the screen.

More common type of monitors in use, based on newer technology, are the Liquid CrystalDisplay (LCD) and Thin Film Transistor (TFT) monitors. One advantage of the flat panelmonitor is that it is light and compact, being based upon a very thin screen (shown above - left)as opposed to the bulky tube of a CRT monitor (shown right) and hence, takes up less spaceon the desktop.



Figure 05 Floppy Disk

Figure 06 Zip Disk

Figure 08 CD ROM and Drive

Figure 07 USB Flash Drive

Storage Devices

Hard Disk

Hard disks consist of a number of rigid magnetic disks in a protective casing. Data is recordedmagnetically onto concentric circular tracks, each of which is divided into a number of sectors.

Hard disks can hold very large amounts of data, measured in gigabytes (GB) and terabytes(TB), and are very fast in comparison to other storage devices.

Floppy Disk

Floppy disks are flexible magnetic disks held in a protective plastic jacket3½" in size. As with hard disks, data is recorded onto concentric circulartracks, divided into sectors.

Floppy disks can hold only small amounts of data (typically 1.44MB) andare relatively slow in operation. Rarely used nowadays.

Zip Disk

The Zip disk tends to cover the middle ground between the hard disk andfloppy disk, in terms of both speed and capacity. There are currentlythree data sizes available, being 100MB, 250MB and 750MB, but theiruse is being rapidly overtaken by the USB Flash Drive.

USB Flash Drive (Memory Stick)

The USB flash drive is a small portable flash memory cardthat plugs into a computer's USB port and functions as aportable hard drive with storage capacities in excess of 4GB.Sometimes called pen drives, stick drives, memory sticksor USB drives and are rapidly replacing the floppy disk andzip disk as preferred portable storage media.

CD-ROM

A CD-ROM is a Compact Disk (CD) with Read Only Memory (ROM) often used to supplyprogram data such as software. However, it can be used tostore large amounts of data (typically around 700MB), butcannot be written to again once closed or full.

CD-ROM’s are created using a CD-R disk (R meaning Readonly) and the data cannot be erased or overwritten, butanother compact disk in use is the CD-RW (RW meaningrewritable which can be re-formatted and re-used, althoughrelatively slow when writing (burning) to the disk

Both types of compact disk can be read by a CD-ROM drive.



Types of Software

Operating System

A computer’s operating system controls the running programs, along withthe storing and processing of data. It also presents a defaultinterface to the user, which is loaded automatically when the

computer is started.

The Microsoft Windows XP and Vista operating systems produce such an interface. TheseGraphical User Interfaces (GUI's) provides images (called icons) that represent applicationsand other available software. A GUI is usually driven by pull-down menus and toolbars whichare accessed using a mouse.

Application Software

Application software are packages such as AutoCAD, Autodesk InventorProfessional, Microsoft Office, Adobe Acrobat, etc. The majority ofcomputer programs are application packages, but cannot run without anoperating system to act as a link between them and the computer.

Computer Performance

The operational performance of a personal computer system depends on the time taken forthe hardware and software to interact and manipulate the necessary data.

In terms of CAD, a personal computer’s performance can be greatly enhanced by ensuringthat:

• a CPU with a high clock speed is used• a large amount of RAM is installed (4 GB or more)• a high performance Graphics Card is used

Printers and Plotters

The most common types of printer in use are the inkjet, bubble-jet and laser.

Inkjet and Bubble-jet printers form shapes and characters from a series of dots, by firing tinydroplets of ink at the paper from a print-head that moves horizontally across the paper.

The ink is supplied in cartridges, including colour, and the paper can be single sheets up toISO A0 in size or fed from a continuous roll.

They are quiet, reasonably fast and produce very good quality prints.

Laser printers combine a very narrow beam of light and a light sensitive drum to fuse particlesof toner onto the paper. The toner is a very fine powder, and is also used in photocopiers.

They produce very high quality prints, including colour, usually up to ISO A3 in size. In the ISOA4 size they are extensively used in the business office.

Plotters, up to ISO A0 in size, work by drawing lines on paper using different coloured pensheld in a mechanically rotating head. This technology in the field of CAD, has gradually beenovertaken by the use of inkjet and bubble-jet printers.

Figure 09Autodesk Inventor Software



Figure 10 Large Bubble-Jet Printer Figure 11 Inkjet Printer

The Internet

The term Internet is used to describe the global network of all networks that currently spans inexcess of 250 countries.

The World Wide Web is the fastest growing service on the Internet (not to be confused withthe Internet itself). It describes the vast collection of hypertext-based files available on theInternet and provides a quick and easy way to retrieve these files so they can be viewed and/ordownloaded using a browser.

Search engines are used to find information on the Internet, such as CAD web sites whererelated information and CAD files can be downloaded.

Electronic mail (e-mail) is an electronic postal system through which all kinds of data can besent and received, and is the most popular activity on the Internet. Messages and CADdrawing files can be sent much more quickly than by conventional means.



Recommended Minimum System Requirements

For general part and assembly design (typically fewer than 1,000 parts):

• Microsoft® Windows Vista® (SP1) (32-bit or 64-bit) Home Basic,Home Premium, Business, Enterprise, Ultimate Operating Systemor

• Windows® XP Professional (SP2 and SP3) or Professional x64Edition (SP2) Operating System

• Intel® Pentium® 4 processor, 2 GHz or faster, Intel® Xeon™, Intel® Core™, AMDAthlon™ 64, AMD Opteron™, or later

• 2 GB RAM minimum• Direct3D10, Direct3D 9 or OpenGL capable graphics card• DVD-ROM drive• Microsoft Mouse compliant pointing device• 1280 x 1024 or higher screen resolution• Internet connection for web downloads and Subscription-aware access• Adobe® Flash® Player 10• Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 through 7.0• Microsoft Excel 2003 through 2007 for iComponents, thread customisation, and

spreadsheet-driven designs

For complex models and large assemblies (typically more than 1,000 parts), Autodeskrecommends a system meeting the following specifications:

• Windows XP Professional x64 Edition (SP2) or Windows Vista 64-bit (SP1)• AMD64 or Intel® 64 processor• 6 or more GB RAM• CAD workstation-capable graphics card

Check out the Autodesk website for more detailed information: www.autodesk.co.uk



Figure 12 Windows Desktop (Windows XP Operating System - 1680 x 1050 resolution)

Start ButtonMinimisedApplication

Task Bar System Tray

Windows Desktop (Microsoft Windows XP)

If you are using the Windows XP operating system, a Windows Desktop will be loadedsimilar to the one shown below when you switch on your computer (although nominimised applications will be shown at this stage, and the desktop backgroundand icons will be different).

Shutting Down the Computer

You must never switch off the computer using the power button alone. The correct way is byfollowing the applicable instructions below:

• Close down all applications you have been using (including Autodesk Inventor).

Windows XP Theme• Click on the Start button (bottom left-hand corner of the screen).

A pop-up menu will be displayed similar to that shown in Figure 13.

Windows XP Classic Theme• Click on the Start button (bottom left-hand corner of the screen).

A pop-up menu will be displayed similar to that shown in Figure 14.

Desktop Icons

Start Button Minimised Task Bar System TrayApplication



Figure 14 Start Menu - Windows XP Classic Theme

• Click on the Turn Off Computer button/command to display the "Turn off

Figure 13Start Menu - Windows XP Theme

Figure 15 Turn off computer

• Click on the Turn Off button to safely exit from Windows XP and shut down your



Figure 16 Windows Desktop (Windows Vista Operating System - 1680 x 1050 resolution)

Windows Desktop (Microsoft Windows Vista)

If you are using the Windows Vista operating system, a Windows Desktop will be loadedsimilar to the one shown below when you switch on your computer (although nominimised applications will be shown at this stage, and the desktop backgroundand icons may be different).

Shutting Down the Computer

You must never switch off the computer using the power button alone. The correct way is byfollowing the applicable instructions below:

• Close down all applications you have been using (including Autodesk Inventor).

Windows Vista Theme• Click on the Start button (bottom left-hand corner of the screen), then the arrow

button in the bottom-right of the Start Menu (Figure 17), and select Shut Down fromthe pop-up menu to automatically close all programs, shut down Windows Vistaand turn off your computer.

Desktop Icons

Start Button MinimisedApplication

Task Bar System Tray



Figure 17 Start Menu - Windows Vista Theme



Figure 20 Shut Down Windows

• Select Shut Down from the drop-down menu, then click the OK button to close allprograms, shut down Windows Vista, and turn off your computer.

• Click on the Shut Down... button/command (Figure 19) to display the "Shut DownWindows" dialog box.

Figure 18 Start Menu - Windows Vista Classic Theme

Figure 19 Start Menu - Windows Vista Classic Theme

• Select Shut Down from the pop-up menu (Figure 18) to close all programs, shut down Windows Vista, and turn off your computer.

Windows Vista Classic Theme• Click on the Start button (bottom left-hand corner of the screen).

• Depending on which Windows Classic style you are using, a Start Menu will bedisplayed similar to Figure 18 or Figure 19 shown below.



Loading Autodesk Inventor

Getting Started

Autodesk Inventor can be loaded by double-clicking on the Inventorshortcut icon on the Desktop, or by clicking on the Start button in thebottom left-hand corner of the screen, then Programs from the pop-upwindow that appears, and then Autodesk Inventor from the list ofprogram applications.

When Autodesk Inventor is fully loaded, a blank workspace is displayed. On the Launch panel on theGet Started tab of the Ribbon, clicking on the Openbutton displays the Open dialog box allowing a file tobe opened.

Figure 21 Get Started Tab and Open

Figure 22 Projects


Clicking on the Projects button displays the Projects dialog box allowing the Project nameto be selected or a Project name to be created via the New button.



On the Get Started tab on the Launch panel of the Ribbon, clicking on the New buttondisplays the New File dialog box allowing an an environment to be select for parametricmodelling.

Clicking on the New button on the Quick Launch toolbar on the"Open" dialog box would also display the New File dialog boxallowing an environment to be selected for parametric modelling.

Figure 23Quick Launch Toolbar

Figure 24 New File > Default Tab

Sheet Metal.ipt - Opens the Sheet Metal environment.

Standard.dwg - Opens the AutoCAD Drawing environment.

Standard.iam - Opens the Assembly environment.

Standard.idw - Opens the Drawing environment.

Standard.ipn - Opens the Presentation environment.

Standard.ipt - Opens the Sketch environment.

Weldment.iam - Opens the Weldment Assembly environment.



Figure 25 Autodesk Inventor Graphics Screen (1680 x 1050 Resolution)

The Graphics Screen contains a Quick Launch Toolbar, InfoCenter, Ribbon Title Bar,Ribbon, Browser, Graphics Window, ViewCube, Graphics Cursor, 3D Indicator, andStatus bar.

Toolbars

There are several toolbars available in Autodesk Inventor, but by default only the Quick LaunchToolbar, InfoCenter, and Ribbon are displayed, these being 'docked' along the top of theUser Interface.

With the Default tab selected, double-clicking on the Standard.ipt icon (or highlighting theicon, and clicking the OK button) will load the Sketch environment for the creation of a Part,and will look similar to that shown below:

Status Bar

Quick Launch Toolbar

PanelBar

BrowserBar

3D Indicator

GraphicsWindow

ViewCube

Ribbon

Menu Bar InfoCenter

Figure 26 Get Started

Figure 27 New File > Standard.ipt > Sketch Environment

ApplicationMenu



Function Keys

The function keys are the keys along the top of the keyboard marked F1 to F12. Someof these serve a special purpose in Autodesk Inventor and each acts as a toggle switch,usually On or Off.

Figure 28 2-Button Microsoft IntelliMouse

Enter and Shortcut Menu button

Figure 29 Function Keys

Pointing Devices

Drawing on the Graphics Window is carried out using a pointing device .

A pointing device is usually a mouse, although a roller ball (for example) can be used.

A 2-button mouse is shown in Figure 28.

Note: IntelliMouse (wheel-type mouse) is supported by Autodesk Inventor.

Note: These and other Keyboard Shortcuts may be found in Appendix Aat the end of this courseware

Zoom (Scroll) and Pan Wheel

Pick or Click button

Cancel Pan Rotate Previous Slice Graphics Hide Constraints Help Zoom Objects View Isometric Show Constraints



Sizing and Moving the Autodesk Inventor Graphics Screen

To Minimize, Maximize or Close the Window running Inventor or any other application, thefollowing toolbar is used and located at the right-hand end of the Title bar (top-right corner).

To minimise the window, click on the Minimize button in the top right-hand corner of Inventor.This reduces the window to a button located in the Task bar at the bottom of the screen.

To maximize the window, click on the Maximize button in the top right-hand corner ofInventor. This enlarges the window to its largest possible size to fit on the screen.

This can also be achieved by double-clicking on the Title bar.

To restore the window, click on the Restore Down button in thetop right-hand corner of Inventor. This reduces the window to asmaller size, allowing you to further resize it by pointing the mousecursor over the edge or corner of the window until a double-arrowappears, then click and hold down the mouse button to drag thewindow to the required shape or size.

To restore the minimized window from the Task bar, simply clickon its button (or right-click on the button, then click on Restoredisplayed in the pop-up menu).

Figure 30

Minimize MaximizeRestore Down CloseClose Minimize

To close the window, click the Close button in the top right-hand corner of Inventor. This willclose down Autodesk Inventor and place you back on the Windows Desktop - see ExitingAutodesk Inventor.

To move the window, click and hold down the mouse button on its Title bar, and drag to therequired position.

Figure 31 Right-Click



Figure 32 Exiting Inventor

Figure 33 Save changes to Part 1 - Prompts >>

Exiting Autodesk Inventor

When you have finished your Autodesk Inventor session, the correct way to exit from Inventoris to click on the Application Menu down-arrow, and from the drop-down menu,click ExitInventor button - Figure 32.



Reporting Problems

While using Autodesk Inventor, any problems that may arise should be reported to your Tutor,such as but not restricted to:

• CAD and allied software problems due to hardware.

• VDU (Monitor) output quality or not functioning correctly.

• Keyboard or mouse not functioning correctly.

• Printer/plotter malfunctions, paper jams, etc.

• Floppy/Zip disk or Memory Stick problems and missing files.

Prior to producing hardcopy, it is essential that the printer/plotter is checked to ensure that it isswitched on and correctly setup with sufficient paper available, the latter beingreplenished if necessary.

Clicking on Yes will save the current file before exiting from Autodesk Inventor.

Clicking on No will exit Autodesk Inventor without saving any changes.

Clicking on Cancel will cancel the command to remain in Autodesk Inventor.

You can also Exit from Inventor by clicking on the "X" button in the top right-hand corner.

NOTE: DO NOT SWITCH OFF THE COMPUTER WHILST STILL INAUTODESK INVENTOR

Figure 34 Save Changes to Part 1 (with Prompts)



Exercise - Manipulating an Autodesk Inventor Window

1 Load Autodesk Inventor by double-clicking on the shortcut icon on the WindowsDesktop and from the Getting Started tab > Launch panel, click the New button todisplay the New File dialog box.

If Autodesk Inventor is already loaded, click the New button on the Quick LaunchToolbar to display the New File dialog box.

Figure 36 New File


2 On the Default tab, double-click the Standard.ipt icon to display the Sketchenvironment for creating a Part.

Figure 35 Quick Launch Toolbar

3 Now practice using the Minimize, Restore Down and Maximize buttons within theWindows Desktop, along with moving and resizing the Autodesk Inventor window.

4 When finished, maximize the window by double-clicking on the Title bar and use theClose button to exit from Autodesk Inventor (do not save any changes).

This completes Section 01, now move on to Section 02.



Use Basic File ManagementTechniques and MaintainHealth and SafetyRequirements


Outcome References:2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6

2



Use Basic File Management Techniques and MaintainHealth and Safety RequirementsA Good Working Environment

Under the Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 as amended bythe Health and Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2002, the employer andcomputer user have joint responsibility to make sure all workstations are safe and comfortableto use.

Ergonomics is the study of factors affecting the performance of people at work. When workingwith computer equipment, it is well established that a bad working environment can causecertain health problems.

Bad working practices (sitting in a fixed position at the keyboard for long periods, makingawkward movements with your arms, head or body) can contribute to a variety of ailmentsranging from eyestrain to pain and discomforture in the limbs.

These are easily preventable by taking time to ensure that your adjustable chair, desk andmonitor are positioned correctly. Figure 01 below shows how you can optimise your sittingposition in relation to your desk, PC, keyboard, monitor, etc.

Zone 1 - Eyes

Ensure you sit at a comfortable viewing distance (38cm - 81cm) and angle that doesn't strainyour neck. Glare or reflections should be minimised by tilting and swivelling the monitor asnecessary. The top line of the VDU should be just below your eye level.

The brightness and contrast of the VDU should be adjusted so that it is easy to read, andthere should be no flicker or instability in the image.

Zone 2 - Head, Neck and Shoulders

Avoid awkward neck movements.

Sustain proper body posture - arrange yourworkstation to fit your body and needs. Allow enoughroom to move around.

Zone 3 - Forearms, Wrists and Hands

Avoid bending your hands at the wrists when typing.

Wrists should remain at a similar height to the keyboard or mouse. Use of a wrist pad and mouse padmay help.

Forearms should be parallel to the floor.

Zone 4 - Back

Adjust your seat height for correct posture, sitting well back to take advantage of any lumbarsupport - don't slouch, shoulders and hips in a straight line.

Avoid sitting in the same position for long periods.

Figure 01



Zone 5 - Legs and Feet

Adjust your chair to the correct seat height - thighs parallel to the floor, feet flat, knees level withyour hips. Also ensure adequate space from the back of knees to the seat - they should beslightly higher than the chair seat. A footrest may be of help for some users.

General

Take frequent breaks to get up and move about to help invigorate your muscles, relax your eyesand stimulate blood flow.

The keyboard and monitor should be cleaned regularly, and adequate lighting and ventilationshould be in place.

Ergonomic equipment works with your body's natural movements, thereby avoiding awkwardmovements and physiological stress.

Eyestrain and Headaches

Looking at a monitor for long periods of time without a break can make your eyes tired andcause headaches.

• Using a large good quality monitor that produces a clear image on the screen mayhelp reduce this problem. The rate at which the monitor renews (refreshes) thisimage is also important. Higher image refresh rates are often more comfortable thanlower ones, because they reduce visible flicker on the screen.

• Adequate lighting should be provided. If the ambient lighting level is too low, youwill experience increased glare from the monitor screen. If it is too high, you willexperience glare from the lighting itself. Also, no light should be reflected from thescreen.

• Filters that reduce glare from the screen are available. However, these are not asubstitute for adequate lighting.

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

RSI is a complaint that occurs when the same task is carried out repeatedly for a long periodof time, making use of the same muscles continuously.

• RSI has been linked with the use of the mouse/trackball and keyboard.

• Ergonomically designed, angled keyboards are now available to reduce the risk ofstrain injury through typing.

Back Pain

Sitting at a CAD workstation in a bad posture can cause lower back pain. This is especiallytrue if you sit for long periods of time without getting up.

To help prevent back pain, monitors and workstations should be positioned at the correctheight for the user and adjustable chairs that provide support to the user's lower back should beused.



Ventilation

Adequate ventilation is also important when using computer equipment. Computers andmonitors give off a lot of heat and make the surrounding air very dry. This can cause your eyesand throat to become dray and uncomfortable if there is an insufficient supply of fresh air.

Also, some printers give off toxic fumes, so good ventilation is essential if these are kept in thesame room where you are working.

Health and Safety Guidelines

The Environmental Health Department of your Local Authority is responsible for theenforcement of health and safety legislation, and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) isresponsible for developing health and safety standards throughout the UK (website -www.hse.gov.uk).

Some Important Points...

• When spending a long time at a CAD workstation, look after your health by takingregular breaks of at least 10 minutes per hour, spent walking around rather thatstretching at the desk.

• You should adjust your chair and monitor to find the most comfortable workingposition.

• Using a mouse/trackball or a keyboard has been linked to Repetitive Strain Injury(RSI). Therefore, take regular breaks from using them.

• When sitting down for long periods, you should make sure that your back is wellsupported in order to avoid damaging it. Avoid sitting in the same position for longperiods, adjust your posture as often as is practicable.

• Avoid repeatedly having to stretch to reach things you need. If this continuallyhappens, rearrange your workspace.

• If your workspace is limited, place any readable material on the side of yourdominant eye.

• Keep your workstation in a clean, cool and dust free environment.

• Make sure your power points are not overloaded. Overloaded power points are apotential fire risk.

• Make sure that all cables are secured safely at the back of your workstation wherethey cannot be tripped over or pulled out of your computer by accident.

• Know where the fire extinguishers are located and the emergency evacuation routeout of the building in the event of a fire.

• Know where the Assembly Point is located.



Switching Off Your Computer

Switching off your computer without shutting it down properly may damage any files or datathat are still in use. To switch off your computer correctly:

• Save any files (in particular drawings) you are working on. If you switch off yourcomputer without saving these files, you will lose any changes you have madesince the last time you saved them.

• Exit from any application (in particular AutoCAD) software you are using.

• Shut down your Operating System in the recommended manner.

Computer Crashes

Despite the best efforts of programmers, software will sometimes go wrong and stop thecomputer working. Often when this happens, the computer locks up. That is, it does notrespond to any input or commands.

To help regain control of your computer, you can try simultaneously pressing the[Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Delete] keys on your keyboard. This may cause your computer to do one ofthe following:

• Display a warning screen describing the fault, and explaining the options you haveto continue and what may happen as a result.

• Windows XP: Display the "Windows Task Manager" dialog box listing all theprograms that are running and which of them are not responding. You may be ableto use this dialog box to exit from the program(s) causing the problem and so regaincontrol of your computer - you will lose any unsaved data from those programs.

• Windows Vista: Display a menu from which "Start Task Manager" may beselected.

If above doesn't enable you to regain use of your computer again, you will have to reset orswitch off your computer.

Resetting the Computer

Resetting your computer will force it to perform a warm (or soft) boot, ie exit from theOperating System and re-read its startup instructions.

To reset your computer, press its reset button, usually located on the front of the computer andmay be labelled Reset.

Switching Off the Computer

If you choose the option of switching off your computer and then back on again, it is known asa cold boot.

Firstly press the power button to switch off the computer, then wait until the computer hascompletely powered down and the hard disk has stopped spinning (you should be able to hearthis happen), and then wait about 15 seconds before switching the computer back on again.



Note: When you restart your computer following a crash, the Operating Systemmay perform a system check as it loads.

It may run a program called ScanDisk or CheckDisk, which examines thefiles and folders on your hard disk for any errors and hopefully repairs them.The system check will usually run automatically.

Power Cuts

If there is a power cut, it has the same effect as turning off your computer without shuttingdown the Operating System - you will lose any unsaved data.

• When power comes back on and you restart your computer, the Operating Systemmay perform a system check as it loads.

• To help prevent data loss, an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) can be used,which is a battery powered device attached to your computer that protects againstpower cuts. If there is a power cut, the UPS continues to supply power to thecomputer so that you can shut it down properly without losing any data or causingany damage to the hard disk.

Preventing Data Loss

The following guidelines will help in preventing the loss of data:

Set up your CAD Workstation in a Safe Environment

Your computer should be located in a dry, cool, controlled environment that is clean anddust-free.

Placing your computer in a low-traffic area will also protect your system and storage mediafrom harmful jarring or bumping.

Backup your Data Regularly

Creating regular backups is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from losing data.

Back up data on the hard disk at least once a week (daily if necessay) with reliable tapes orother large storage devices, and always verify that the correct data has been backed up.

Smaller amounts of data may be backed up or archived to such devices as floppy disks, zipdisks or CD-ROM's, with the former two being write protected as an added precaution.

Use an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

In the event of an electricity surge or lightning strike, an Uninterruptible Power Supply willprotect your computer from being fried. If UPS is not an available or economical solution, apower surge protector is a good investment.



Use Anti-Virus Software

Computer viruses are one of the worst enemies to your computer. Good anti-virus software(updated regularly) tests your system for sequences of code unique to each known computervirus and notifies you of any infecting invader, allowing you to then eliminate it.

Be Aware of Strange noises

If you hear a strange noise or a grinding sound, turn off your computer immediately and call inan expert. Further operation may damage your hard drive beyond repair.

Software Copyright

Most software is copyrighted, which means that the right to make copies lies only with itsoriginator (or those who have been given permission to copy). The same law applies to anumber of different products, such as pre-recorded videotapes, music CD's and certain readingmaterial. It is illegal to copy, share or lend copyrighted material.

• As with videotapes and CD's, copying software is contrary to The Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988 which protects the work of playwrights and artists,but also covers software.

• A company may have hundreds of employees who need the same software on theircomputers. Software manufacturers do not expect such companies to buy individual copies of the software for each employee. Instead, they will issue a licence,which means that the company can install the software on an agreed number ofcomputers for their employees to use. For example, Microsoft Office and Autodesksoftware products.

• If the site has a large number of computers, these computers are often networked.This means that software bought under licence can be installed onto a networkserver so that all authorised users can access it without it being installed on eachindividual computer.

Shareware and Freeware

While most software is copyrighted, there are some exceptions:

• Shareware - This is software you can install free of charge so that you can evaluateit for a limited period of time. If you decide to continue using the software after thisperiod, you should register it for a fee. When you register the software, you oftenbecome entitled to extra features and support.

• Freeware - This is software that is available completely free of charge, withoutlimitation. For example, Microsoft Internet Explorer.



The Data Protection Act

The Data Protection Act 1984 regulates how personal data is collected, stored and used.Confidentiality (ie the right to keep sensitive and personal information private) is now the rightof each individual. You now have some control over how information about you is used, andcan prevent data being passed between companies for marketing purposes, eg mass mailings.

The main points of the Data Protection Act are as follows:

• Any organisation holding personal data in a computer system must register with aData Protection Registrar whose job it is to see that the Act is enforced.

• When they register, companies must specify the purposes for which they intend touse the data. Data must then be fairly and lawfully obtained (ie not under falsepretences), and must only be used for a purpose that has been registered.

• An individual has the right to know whether any information is held about him orher, and to request to see that information. For example, if an individual is refusedcredit, they are entitled to be told the name of the credit checking agency who mustthen, in turn, tell them what information is held about them.

• If any information held about an individual is wrong, it must be changed or deleted.

• Data must not be given to anyone that is not entitled to it. It must be protectedagainst unauthorised access, deletion, alteration or disclosure.

Exemptions

There are exemptions from the Act, including:

• Data not held on a computer. The Act only applies to computerised records.

• Medical records and records associated with crime ot taxation You are not entitledto see your medical records without the permission of your doctor, the police do nothave to disclose any personal data held for the detection or prevention of crime, andthe tax authorities do not have to disclose their tax records.

• Data associated with National Security. Any information deemed to be a risk toNational Security can be withheld.

• Records held for internal company business (such as calculating wages), and recordsheld for personal, family or recreational purposes. These records do not have to beregistered.



Units of Computer Memory Measurement

Bits and Bytes

The smallest component of computer data is a bit. Each bit can be in one of two states: 1 or0 with the 1 standing for On and the 0 standing for Off. Bits are combined in sets of eight toform characters, such as letters from the alphabet. For example, 01000001 is used torepresent the letter A in binary code. This group of eight bits make up a byte.

Kilobytes

• A kilobyte (KB) is often used to measure the download speed in seconds, on theInternet (KB/s) and the size of files.

• A kilobyte is 1,024 bytes.

Megabytes

• A megabyte (MB) is often used to measure the storage capacity of a disk or theamount of main memory. For example, a floppy disk can only store 1.44MB of data.

• A megabyte is 1,048,576 bytes (1,024 x 1,024 bytes or 1,024 kilobytes).

Gigabytes

• A gigabyte (GB) is equivalent to 1,024MB. The memory capacity of many largestorage devices, such as hard drives, is measured in gigabytes.

Terabytes

• A terabyte (TB) is equivalent to 1,024GB.

Files

• A file is a collection of information stored as a single unit. When they have beensaved, any of the following may be regarded as a file:

- A computer program.- An Autodesk Inventor part.- Word-processed text.- A spreadsheet.- A computer graphic.

File Sizes

The size of a file depends on the amount of data it contains and hence, the amount of storagespace required. For example, Autodesk Inventor data files can vary from small (say 100KB) toover 5MB in size for very large drawings.



Folder (Directory) Sizes

When you have a number of related files stored on your computer, you may want to store themin a folder. You can think of a folder as being like a drawer in a filing cabinet.

• An empty folder does not contain any data (obviously). However, as a folderusually contains a number of files, the combined size of these files may mean thefolder contains several thousand kilobytes (or several magabytes) of data.

• If you have a great many folders, each containing a number of files, the total amountof space required to store (and back up) all the data may run into several thousandmegabytes (or several gigabytes). It is therefore easy to see how space on storagedevices, such as hards disks, can be quickly be used up.

• Old and unused files (but still needed), should be archived to an external storagedevice to free up much needed hard disk space. Compression software may beused to reduce the file size and zipped for future retrieval.

Autodesk Inventor Folder Structure

Your hard disk(s) should be organised into a series offolders and sub-folders for ease of use.

Autodesk Inventor, when installed, automaticallycreates its own structure similar to that shown in Figure 02,and is usually installed on the C: drive under Program Files.

Note: The Student/2010 4353-21 folders are not automaticallycreated, but will need to be added (if not already created)and is where all the course files you will be using, arelocated.

Tutor to advise if Autodesk Inventor and/or the coursefiles have been installed elsewhere.

Figure 02 Windows XP Theme

Figure 03 Windows Vista Theme



Windows Explorer (Microsoft Windows XP)

Windows Explorer can be used to undertake 'housekeeping' routines on thehard disk(s), and floppy or zip disks. For example, creating new folders(directories), and moving, copying, or deleting files.

Note: If you are using the Windows Vista operating system, ignore the following and turn to Section 02-30.

Accessing Windows Explorer

Accessing Windows Explorer can be by one of two methods:

• Method 1 - Right-click on the Start button andfrom the pop-up menu, click on Explore.

• Method 2 - Left-click on the Start button anddepending on which Windows Desktop style youare using, a pop-up window will be displayedsimilar to Figure 02 or Figure 03 below.

Figure 01 Method 1

Figure 02 Method 2 (Start Menu) Figure 03Method 2 (Start Menu Classic)

Move the mouse cursor up to All Programs or Programs accordingly, thenslide across onto the programs listing, and from the Accessories list, selectWindows Explorer.

When loaded, Windows Explorer should look similar to Figure 04 with all thefolders and sub-folders listed in left-hand window pane, and the folders and anyfiles shown for the highlighted folder, displayed in the right-hand window pane.



Figure 04 Windows Explorer

Note: Don't expect the folder structure displayed in Figure 04 to correspond with the one you will see on screen, as this is for illustration only.

Clicking View on the Menu bar will allow you to view yourfolders and files by different means:

• Thumbnails - including AutoCAD and Inventor files• Tiles - as illustrated• Icons - Name and type of file• List - Name only• Details - Name, Size, Type, and Date Modified

Figure 05 View

Minimize, Restore Down, and Maximize are used in the samemanner as detailed inSection 01.

To resize Windows Explorer, point the mouse cursor over theedge or corner of the outer window until a double-arrow appears,then click and hold down the mouse button to drag the windowto the required shape or size.

To move Windows Explorer, click and hold down the leftmouse button on its Title bar, and drag to the requiredposition.

To close Windows Explorer, click File on the Menu barand select Close ( or click on the Close button in the topright-hand corner of the dialog box).

Figure 06 Close



Exercise - File Management

In order not to disturb the file structure on the hard disk, this exercise will be carried out in the2010 4353-21 folder under Student (where the course files are located).

Tutors Note: Tutor to ensure there are twofolders with sub-folders andtheir relevant files, under the2010 4353-21 folder in preparationfor this exercise - see the section onTutor Guidance and AutodeskInventor Configuration.

Creating Folders (Directories)

Folders are created in order to place and store related files. This is always good practice, asit makes it easier to locate files at a later date.

To create a new folder under the 2010 4353-21 folder:

1 On Windows Desktop, open Windows Explorer (refer to previous notes if necessary).

2 Navigate to the 2010 4353-21 folder (C:\Student\2010 4353-21 - Tutor to advise ifdifferent) and click on it to display its contents in the right-hand pane (two existingfolders called File Management Ex Backup and File Management Exercise and theremainder being course folders).

Figure 07 Windows Explorer - Student > File Management Exercise



3 With the File Management Exercise folder highlighted in the left pane click File onthe Menu bar and from the pull-down list click New, then Folder.

4 By default the folder is called New Folder.

5 Rename this new folder Inventor Files by over-typing the highlighted default name,and then press the [RETURN / ENTER] key to complete.

6 Repeat Items 2 to 5 and create one more new folder underFile Management Exercise called Graphics.

Note: Don't forget to click on File Management Exerciseto highlight it before clicking on File.

Also note that when Windows Explorer isrefreshed, the folders will be displayed inalphabetical order.

Figure 08 Windows Explorer - Inventor Files Folder

Figure 09



Creating Sub-Folders

Sub-folders can be created within existing folders, and/or sub-folders within existing sub-folders.

1 In the left-hand pane, click on the File Management Exercise folder to display all thefolders (now listed underneath), then click on the Inventor Files folder to highlight it(shows an empty pane).

Note: These folders can also be displayed by clicking on the small box next toFile Management Exercise folder icon, and closed by clicking on the small

box.

2 With Inventor Files highlighted, click on File on the Menu bar and from the pull-downlist click New, then Folder.

3 By default this new sub-folder is called New Folder.

4 Call this new sub-folder Project Files by over-typing the highlighted default name, andthen press the [RETURN / ENTER] key to complete.

Copying a File from One Folder to Another

Files can be copied in a number of different ways.....

Method 1 - Copy and Paste

1 In the left-hand pane, click on File Management Exercise to display the sub-foldersif not already visible.

2 Click on the File Management folder to open it (or in the right-hand pane, double-click on File Management to open the folder).

3 In the right-hand pane, click on 4353 Level1 to highlight it, then right-click to displaya pop-up menu and click on Copy - Figure 13 (or whilst 4353 Level1 is highlighted,click on Edit on the Menu bar and from the pull-down list, click on Copy - Figure 14).

Either way, this copies the file (4353 Level1.ipj) to the Windows Clipboard.

Figure 10

Figure 11



Figure 13

Figure 13Copy (Right-Click on the File > Copy)

Figure 14Copy (Click on Edit > Copy)

Figure 12 Level1.ipj



4 In the left-hand pane right-click on the Graphics folder to display a pop-up menu, andclick on Paste - Figure 16 (or highlight the Graphics folder and click Edit on the Menubar and from the pull-down list, click on Paste - Figure 17).

Figure 15 Project Files

Figure 16 Paste (Right-Click on Sub-Folder) Figure 17 Paste (Click on Edit)

Note: This is a common occurance in file management and is known asCopy and Paste.



Method 2 - Drag and Drop (Copy)

1 In the left-hand pane, click on 2010 4353-21 to display the sub-folders if not alreadyvisible.

2 In the left-hand pane, click on the File Management Exercise folder then the FileManagement sub-folder to open it.

3 In the left-hand pane, ensure the Project Files sub-folder is visible by clicking on thesmall box next to the Inventor Files folder if necessary.

4 In the right-hand pane, click on 4353 Level1 with the right-mouse button and keepyour finger pressed on it.

5 Now drag the file (4353 Level1) with the mouse into the left-hand pane and over theProject Files sub-folder until its highlighted, then let go of the mouse button.

This displays a pop-up Context menu allowing you toclick Copy Here and hence, copy the file.

Note: This is also a common occurance in file management and is known asDrag and Drop.

Figure 18 Drag and Drop - Copy

Figure 19 Copy Here



Moving a File from One Folder to Another

Files can be moved in a number of different ways.....

Method 1 - Cut and Paste

1 In the left-hand pane, click on 2010 4353-21 to display the folders if not alreadyvisible.


3 In the right-hand pane, click on Conduit Tee to highlight it, then right-click to displaya pop-up menu and click on Cut - Figure 21 (or whilst the Conduit Tee is highlighted,click on Edit on the Menu bar and from the pull-down list, click on Cut - Figure 22).

Either way, this copies the file (Conduit Tee.png) to the Windows Clipboard anddeletes it from the File Management folder.

Figure 21 Cut (Right-Click on File)

Figure 22 Cut (Click on Edit)

Figure 20



4 In the left-hand pane right-click on the Graphics sub-folder to display a pop-up menu,and click on Paste - Figure 24 (or highlight the Graphics Files folder and click on Editon the Menu bar and from the pull-down list, click on Paste - Figure 25).

Figure 23

Figure 24 Paste (Right-Click on Folder)

Figure 25 Paste (Click on Edit)

Note: This is a common occurance in file management and is known asCut and Paste.



Method 2 - Drag and Drop (Move)

1 In the left-hand pane, click on 2010 4353-21 to display the folders if not alreadyvisible.


3 In the right-hand pane, click on Steel Collar with the right-mouse button and keepyour finger pressed on it.

4 Now drag the file (Steel Collar) with the mouse into the left-hand pane and over theInventor Files folder until the folder is highlighted, then let go of the mouse button.

This displays a pop-up Context menu allowing you toclick Move Here and hence, move the file.

Figure 26 Drag and Drop - Move

Figure 27 Move Here



SELF ASSESSMENT

1 Using any method, move the Bevel Square and Base Plate files from the FileManagement folder into the Inventor Files folder.

2 Change the File Management folder view style by clicking on View on the Menu bar,then Details.

3 Using any method, copy the C&G Logo and Valve Casting files from the FileManagement folder into the Graphics folder.

Note: To highlight (select) more than one file at once:

Hold down the [CTRL] key and click on the required files to selectnon-consecutive files (as required above).

Hold down the [SHIFT] key and click the first and last file required to selectconsecutive files.

Figure 28 View>Details



Renaming a File (or Folder)


2 In the left-hand pane, click on the Inventor Files folder to open it (or in the right-hand pane, double-click on Inventor Files to open the folder).

3 Now click on the Project Files sub-folder to open it (or in the right-hand pane,double-click on Project Files to open the sub-folder).

4 In the right-hand pane, right-click on the 4353 Level1 file and from the pop-up menu,click on Rename.

This highlights the old filename - simply over-type it with Project Level1 and press the[RETURN] key to Rename the file.

Note: An alternative method in selecting a file (or folder) for renaming is to click onthe file - pause - click again, and the old filename is highlighted ready forover-typing.

Figure 30 Rename

Figure 31

Figure 29 4353 Level1.ipj > Rename



Deleting a File or Folder


2 In the left-hand pane, click on the Graphics folder to open it (or in the right-handpane, double-click on Graphics to open the folder).

3 In the right-hand pane, right-click on the Valve Casting file and from the pop-up menu,click on Delete.

Figure 33 Delete

Figure 34 Confirm File Delete

Figure 32 Valve Casting.wmf > Delete

This displays the "Confirm File Delete" dialog box - click the Yes button to delete thefile (or press the [RETURN] key).

Note: An alternative method to delete a file (or folder) is to click on the file tohighlight it, then press the [Delete] key on the keyboard.

Multiple selections can also be made by use of the [SHIFT] or [CTRL]keys.



File Search

If you know of a file that's located on your computer, but don't know its location, it can besearched for.

1 Click on the Search button located on the Standard toolbar in Windows Explorer.

2 In the What do you want to search for? area, click on All files and folders.

Type presentation 3 in the All or part of the file name: edit box and in the Look in:

edit box, click the down-arrow and select from the pop-up list the hard disk drivewhere the Course Files (or Autodesk Inventor files) have been installed.

Note: This will probably be C: drive - Tutor to advise if necessary.

3 Now click on the Search button.

Figure 35 Search



4 The search has found a number of Inventor Background files: Presentation 3.bmp -double-click on one of them to view the image, then close it down and return to theSearch Results dialog box.

5 In answer to the question, ..... Did you find what you wanted?, click on Yes,finished seaching.

6 Close down the Search Results dialog box.

Figure 36 Search Results > Presentation 3.bmp



SELF ASSESSMENT

1 Using any method, delete the 4353 Level1 file from the Graphics folder.

2 Using any method, rename the Base Plate file in the Inventor Files folder, to BottomPlate Drawing.

3 Create a new Folder under File Management Exercise and call it General.

4 Copy all the files in the File Management folder to the new General folder as a backup.

5 In the File Management folder, double-click on the Readme file to open it in Notepad.

6 Having read the message, Close down Notepad.

7 In the Inventor Files folder, double-click on the Steel Collar file to open it in Inventor.

8 Close down Inventor and don't save any changes if asked for.

Housekeeping and Preparing for the Next User

This final exercise is to prepare the folders and files in readiness for the next user, i.e. to leavethe folders and files in the same state in which they were found. Please complete thisexercise if you had a go at the preceding File Management Exercise in order to help otherswho follow you.

1 In the left-hand plane, click on File Management Exercise to display the sub-foldersif not already visible.

2 Click in the right-hand pane and select all the sub-folders by pressing [Ctrl+A] on thekeyboard.

Note: This action selects all the sub-folders (and files) in the current folder.

Figure 37 [Ctrl+A] > [Delete]



3 Press the [Delete] key on the keyboard to display the Confirm Multiple File Delete dialogbox.

Figure 38 Confirm Multiple File Delete

If all is OK, click the Yes button.

4 In the left-hand plane, click on File Management Ex Backup to display its sub-folder.

5 Click in the right-hand pane and select the File Management sub-folder and copy it (the wholefolder) into the File Management Exercise folder.

This completes Section 02, please hand back the newly formatted disk to your Tutor, before moving onto Section 03.



Windows Explorer (Microsoft Windows Vista)

Windows Explorer can be use to undertake 'housekeeping' routines on both thehard disk(s) and floppy or zip disks. For example, creating new folders(directories), and moving, copying, or deleting files.

Note: If you are using the Windows XP operating system, ignore the following and either revert back to Section 02-12 or move on to Section 03.

Accessing Windows Explorer

Accessing Windows Explorer can be by one of two methods:

• Method 1 - Right-click on the Start button andfrom the pop-up menu, click on Explore.

• Method 2 - Left-click on the Start button anddepending on which Windows Desktop style you are using, a pop-up window willbe displayed similar to Figure 02 below.

Figure 01 Method 1

Figure 02 Method 2Start Menu Classic

Start Menu



• Method 3 - Left-click on the Startbutton and enter WindowsExplorer in the Start Search boxand press [RETURN], or select fromthe original listing if available.

When loaded, Windows Explorer should look similar to Figure 04 with all the folders andsub-folders listed in left-hand window, and the folders and any files shown for the highlightedfolder, displayed in the right-hand window.

Figure 03 Method 3

Click on All Programs or Programs accordingly, then locate the Accessories folder and

Figure 04 Windows Explorer

Note 1: Don't expect the folder structure displayed in Figure 04 to fully correspond



Clicking the down-arrow on Views on the Menu bar willdisplay a pop-up menu, allowing you to view your foldersand files by different means:

• Extra Large Icons - Name and type• Large Icons - Name and type• Medium Icons - Name and type• Small Icons - Name and type• List - Name only• Details - Name, Size, Type and Date Modified• Tiles - as illustrated (Figure 04)

Figure 06 Views

Minimize, Restore Down and Maximize are used in the same manner as detailed inSection 01.

To resize Windows Explorer, point the mouse cursor over the edge or corner of the outerwindow until a double-arrow appears, then click and hold down the mouse button to drag thewindow to the required shape or size.

To move Windows Explorer, click and hold down the left mouse button on its top bar, anddrag to the required position.

To close Windows Explorer, right-click on the top bar and select Close from the pop-upmenu (or click on the Close button in the top right-hand corner of the dialog box).

Note 2: Although Windows Explorer displays a specific dialog box, an alternativeone to select in Windows Vista would be the Computer dialog box.Click the Start button, then select Computer from the right-hand listing.

Figure 05 Computer



Exercise - File Management (Windows Vista)

In order not to disturb the file structure on the hard disk, this exercise will be carried out in the2010 4353-21 folder under Student (where the course files are located).

Tutors Note: Tutor to ensure there are twofolders with sub-folders andtheir relevant files, under the2010 4353-21 folder in preparationfor this exercise - see the sectionon Tutor Guidance and AutodeskInventor Configuration.

Creating Folders (Directories)

Folders are created in order to place and store related files. This is always good practice, asit makes it easier to locate files at a later date.

To create a new folder under the 2010 4353-21 folder:

1 On Windows Desktop, open Windows Explorer (refer to previous notes if necessary).

2 Navigate to the 2010 4353-21 folder (C:\Student\2010 4353-21 - Tutor to advise ifdifferent) and click on it to display its contents in the right-hand pane (two existingfolders called File Management Ex Backup and File Management Exercise andthe remainder being course folders).

Figure 01 Windows Explorer - Student > File Management Exercise



3 With the File Management Exercise folder highlighted in the left pane, right-click inthe right pane and from the pop-up menu, select New, then Folder.

4 By default the new folder is called New Folder.

5 Rename this new folder Inventor Files by over-typing the highlighted default name,and then press the [RETURN / ENTER] key to complete.

6 Repeat items 3 to 5 and create one more new folder under File ManagementExercise called Graphics.

Note: In the left pane, don't forget to click on File Management Exercise to high-light it before clicking in the right pane.

Also note that when Windows Explorer is refreshed, the folders will bedisplayed in alphabetical order.

Figure 02 Inventor Files Folder

Figure 03File Management Exercise Sub-Folders



Creating Sub-Folders

Sub-folders can be created within existing folders, and/or sub-folders within existing sub-folders.

1 In the left-hand pane, click on the triangular arrow to the left of the File ManagementExercise folder to display all the folders (now listed underneath), then click on theInventor Files folder to highlight it (shows an empty right pane).

Note: These folders are displayed by clicking on this small triangle next to theFile Management Exercise folder icon, and closed by clicking on this small

triangle.

2 With Inventor Files highlighted in the left pane, right-click in the right pane and from thepop-up menu, select New, then Folder.

3 By default this new sub-folder is called New Folder.

4 Rename this new sub-folder Project Files by over-typing the highlighted default name,and then press the [RETURN / ENTER] key to complete.

Copying a File from One Folder to Another

Files can be copied in a number of different ways.....

Method 1 - Copy and Paste

1 In the left-hand pane, click on File Management Exercise and display the sub-foldersif not already visible.

2 Click on the File Management folder to open it (or in the right-hand pane, double-click on File Management to open the folder).

3 In the right-hand pane, click on 4353 Level1 to highlight it, then right-click to displaythe pop-up menu and click on Copy - Figure 06.

This copies the file (4353 Level1.ipj) to the Windows Clipboard.

Figure 04

Figure 05



4 In the left-hand pane right-click on the Graphics folder to display the pop-up menu,and click on Paste - Figure 07

.

Figure 13

Figure 06 Copy - Right-Click > Copy

Figure 12 Level1.ipj



Figure 15 Project Files

Note: This is a common occurance in file management and is known asCopy and Paste.

Figure 07 Paste (Right-Click on Sub-Folder)



Method 2 - Drag and Drop (Copy)

1 In the left-hand pane, click on 2010 4353-21 and display the sub-folders if not alreadyvisible.

2 In the left-hand pane, click on the File Management Exercise folder and display thesub-folders, then click the File Management sub-folder to open it.

3 In the left-hand pane, ensure the Project Files sub-folder is visible by clicking on thesmall triangle next to the Inventor Files folder if necessary.

4 In the right-hand pane, click on 4353 Level1 with the right-mouse button and keepyour finger pressed on it.

5 Now drag the file (4353 Level1) with the mouse into the left-hand pane and over theProject Files sub-folder until its highlighted, then let go of the mouse button.

This displays a pop-up Context menu allowing you toclick Copy Here and hence, copy the file.

Note: This is also a common occurance in file management and is known asDrag and Drop.

Figure 08 Drag and Drop - Copy

Figure 09 Copy Here



Moving a File from One Folder to Another

Files can be moved in a number of different ways.....

Method 1 - Cut and Paste

1 In the left-hand pane, click on 2010 4353-21 and display the folders if not alreadyvisible.


3 In the right-hand pane, click on Conduit Tee to highlight it, then right-click to displaya pop-up menu and click on Cut - Figure 10.

This copies the file (Conduit Tee.png) to the Windows Clipboard and deletes it fromthe File Management folder.

Figure 10 Cut (Right-Click > Cut)



4 In the left-hand pane right-click on the Graphics sub-folder to display the pop-upmenu, and click on Paste - Figure 11.

Note: This is a common occurance in file management and is known asCut and Paste.

Figure 11 Paste (Right-Click > Paste)



Method 2 - Drag and Drop (Move)

1 In the left-hand pane, click on 2010 4353-21 and display the folders if not alreadyvisible.


3 In the right-hand pane, click on Steel Collar with the right-mouse button and keepyour finger pressed on it.

4 Now drag the file (Steel Collar) with the mouse into the left-hand pane and over theInventor Files folder until the folder is highlighted, then let go of the mouse button.

This displays a pop-up Context menu allowing you toclick Move Here and hence, move the file.

Figure 13 Move Here

Figure 12 Drag and Drop - Move



SELF ASSESSMENT

1 Using any method, move the Bevel Square and Base Plate files from the FileManagement folder into the Inventor Files folder.

2 Change the File Management folder view style by displaying the Views drop-downmenu on the Menu bar, and then selecting List.

3 Using any method, copy the C&G Logo and Valve Casting files from the FileManagement folder into the Graphics folder.

Note: To highlight (select) more than one file at once:

Hold down the [CTRL] key and click on the required files to selectnon-consecutive files (as required above).

Hold down the [SHIFT] key and click the first and last file required to selectconsecutive files.

Figure 14 View > List



Renaming a File (or Folder)


2 In the left-hand pane, click on the Inventor Files folder to open it.

3 Now click on the Project Files sub-folder to open it (or in the right-hand pane,double-click on Project Files to open the sub-folder).

4 In the right-hand pane, change the Views style to Tiles and right-click on the 4353Level1 file and from the pop-up menu, click on Rename.

This highlights the old filename - simply over-type it with Project Level1 and press the[RETURN] key to Rename the file.

Note: An alternative method in selecting a file (or folder) for renaming is to click onthe file - pause - click again, and the old filename is highlighted ready forover-typing.

Figure 16

Figure 15 4353 Level1.ipj > Rename



Deleting a File or Folder


2 In the left-hand pane, click on the Graphics folder to open it .

3 In the right-hand pane, change the Views style to Tiles and right-click on the ValveCasting file and from the pop-up menu, click on Delete.

Figure 18 Confirm File Delete

Figure 17 Valve Casting.wmf > Delete

This displays the "Delete File" dialog box - click the Yes button to delete the file.

Note: An alternative method to delete a file (or folder) is to click on the file tohighlight it, then press the [Delete] key on the keyboard.

Multiple selections can also be made by use of the [SHIFT] or [CTRL]keys.



File Search

If you know of a file that's located on your computer, but don't know its location, it can besearched for.

1 In the left pane, click on 2010 4353-21 to open up the folder structure.

2 In the top right-hand search text box, typeslowly (for now) the name of the file you're looking for, presentation 3 in this case, andnote how as each character is typed, the search results illustrated in the right pane getless and less the closer you get to the final spelling.

Note: The final result may even be listed before you've finished typing the filenamebeing searched for!

Note: The search should have found an Inventor Background file and may be loadedinto a Graphics application package by double-clicking on it, or copied, ormoved by right-clicking and selecting Copy or Move from the pop-up contextmenu.

Figure 19 Search > Presentation 3



Figure 20 Search Results > Presentation 3.bmp

3 Right-click on the presentation 3 file just found and click on Copy from the contextmenu.

4 In the left pane, click on 2010 4353-21 (if necessary) to open its folder structure, thenright-click on the Inventor Files folder and from the context menu, select Paste.

5 Now check the Inventor Files folder to ensure that the file has been safely pasted tothe folder.



SELF ASSESSMENT

1 Using any method, delete the 4353 Level1 file from the Graphics folder.

2 Using any method, rename the Base Plate file in the Inventor Files folder, to BottomPlate Drawing.

3 Create a new Folder under File Management Exercise and call it General.

4 Copy all the files in the File Management folder to the new General folder as a backup.

5 In the File Management folder, double-click on the Readme file to open it in Notepad.

6 Having read the message, Close down Notepad.

7 In the Inventor Files folder, double-click on the Steel Collar file to open it in Inventor.

8 Close down Inventor and don't save any changes if asked for.

Housekeeping and Preparing for the Next User

This final exercise is to prepare the folders and files in readiness for the next user, i.e. to leavethe folders and files in the same state in which they were found. Please complete thisexercise if you had a go at the preceding File Management Exercise in order to help otherswho follow you.

1 In the left-hand plane, click on File Management Exercise to display the sub-foldersif not already visible.

2 Click in the right-hand pane and select all the sub-folders by pressing [Ctrl+A] on thekeyboard.

Note: This action selects all the sub-folders (and files) in the current folder.

Figure 21 [Ctrl+A] > [Delete]



3 Press the [Delete] key on the keyboard to display the Confirm Multiple File Delete dialogbox.

Figure 22 Confirm Multiple File Delete

If all is OK, click the Yes button.

4 In the left-hand plane, click on File Management Ex Backup and display its sub-folder.

5 Click in the right-hand pane and select the File Management sub-folder and copy it (the wholefolder) into the File Management Exercise folder.

This completes Section 02, please hand back the newly formatted disk to your Tutor, before moving onto Section 03.



Understand the ParametricModelling Process, the UserInterface and How toAccess Help and Tutorials



3



Understand the Parametric Modelling Process, the UserInterface and How to Access Help Tutorials

3.1 Use Toolbars and Other Menus to Access Commands

An Overview

When Autodesk Inventor is first loaded for a design session, a blank workspace is displayed.

Clicking the Open button on the Ribbon will display its dialog box showing the folder contentof the default project.

Figure 01 Getting Started Tab > Open

Open Dialog Box - An Overview

Selecting a file and clicking the Open button, will open the file in the environment in which itwas created.

Locations (top left-hand window): This presents the folders defined in the active projectfile.

Main Window (right): All the files and folders contained in the selected location arelisted here.

Preview Window: This displays a preview of the selected Autodesk Inventor file.

Standard Windows Navigation Buttons: Autodesk Inventor uses standard MicrosoftWindows navigation tools in all of its file-related dialog boxes.



Figure 03 Open > New File

New File

Clicking the Start a new file button on the Quick Launch toolbaron the Open dialog box, will list all available templates for creatingAutodesk Inventor files.

Default tab: Lists the default templates based upon the default units that wereselected during installation.

English tab: Lists the available English Unit templates (beware - imperial units!).

Metric tab: Lists the available Metric Unit templates.

Figure 02 Quick Launch Toolbar



Projects

Clicking the Projects... button will display the Projects dialog box.

List of Available Projects (Upper Window): Double-clicking on a Project name willmake it active. The active project has a check mark next to the project name. TheProject location column displays the path where the project is stored.

Project Definition (Lower Window): This pane displays the project categories andpaths defined for each category.

Figure 04 Open > Projects

The User Interface

The User Interface can offer various environments from which to work in. The four mainenvironments are as follows:

PartAssemblyPresentationDrawing Sheet

The above working environments, the files that are created within them, and the parametriclinks between them are all held within a working Project.

A Project file defines the location of files and ensures that the various file types referenceeach other correctly.



Exercise - Project

1 Load Inventor (if not already loaded) by either double-clicking on the Inventor Icon onthe desktop or click the Start then Programs method, and from the applications listed,select the Inventor software. On the Launch panel of the Get Started tab, click Opento display the Open dialog box.

Figure 05 Autodesk Inventor > Open

Figure 06 Projects

2 Click the Projects... button to display the Projects dialog box.




3 To create a new Project, click the New button at the bottom of the dialog box todisplay the Inventor project wizard.

Figure 07 Inventor project wizard

4 Select the New Single User Project radio button and click the Next button.

Enter Bracket (use a meaningful name to reflect the project in hand) in the Nametext box and click the Next button.

Select Libraries (for Inventor 2010) under Logical name and add to the New Project:,then click Finish.

At the start of your Inventor design modelling session, you would decide what designtask you would like to carry out and which Project you would like to create or workwithin, in this case Bracket, so double-click on Bracket under Project name inthe Projects dialog box (or select from the Open dialog box) to make it active.



5 Click the Done button to return to the Open dialog box and click the Start a new filebutton to display the New File dialog box.

Figure 08 New File > Standard.ipt

6 To create a part in the Sketch environment, double-click on the Standard.ipt icon (orhighlight and click the OK button). You are now ready to begin using sketch geometry,which is covered later in the Section. This completes the Project exercise.

Figure 09 Inventor Modelling Sketch Environment



Part Modelling Environment

The Part Modelling Environment is used to create parts. Part files are saved with an .iptextension. Parts are created by sketching, constraining, extruding, then featuring.Following this process, further sketch planes can be created in order to add further features tothe part, this process is cyclical until the desired part is completed.

1. Sketch

2. Constrain

3. Extrude

4. Feature

Figure 10 Modelling Process

The User Interface within the Part Modelling Environment will give varying options andtools depending on actions that are being carrying out.

Initially, it would be expected for Sketch geometry to be used. In the Inventor ModellingEnvironment (Figure 11), the Draw panel on the Sketch tab of the Ribbon shows a selectionof tools for use when sketching, these will be investigated later in the Section.

Figure 11 Sketch Tab > Draw Panel

Some of the commands in the Draw panel have further drop-down menus ascan be seen with Fillet and Chamfer shown on the right.

Figure 12Fillet and Chamfer



On the left and below the Ribbon is the Model Browser. As the Part is created, this will showall the features of the model in the order in which it was produced, allowing for the order to bechanged and the Part to be modified at any stage of its creation.

Once the required geometry has been sketched, it needs to be constrained. There are manyways to constrain geometry and the most commonly used tools are shown in the Constrainpanel on the Sketch tab Also constraints can be acquired dynamically when sketching.

Figure 14 Sketch > Constrain

Once a fully constrained sketch is achieved, it needs to be Extruded to give it volume and tocreate it as a 3D parametric part.

Clicking the Finish Sketch button on the Exit panel of the Sketch tab will allow the Model tabto be toggled on in place of the Sketch tab. The various command features will allow thecreation of a 3D Part from the constrained 2D Sketch.

Figure 13 Model Browser

Figure 15 Model Tab > Create Panel



The Model tab is quite comprehensive and holds many tools for manipulating a 2Dconstrained sketch into a 3D part.

Once the basic 3D part has been created, Placed Features can be applied from the samepanel bar. Such placed features as fillets, chamfers and holes can easily be achieved.

Figure 18 Model Tab > Modify Panel

Figure 16 Model Tab > Work Features and Pattern Panels

Assembly Modelling EnvironmentThe Assembly Modelling Environment is where various parts can be brought together tocreate a model. The parts can be adaptive and interact parametrically with each other.

An assembly file is saved with a .iam extension (example.iam).

Single part modelling is also possible in this environment, enabling the operator to create a newpart using existing geometry from another part.

Assembly constraints can be placed upon the various placed parts allowing them to react witheach other. Using these constraints, animations can be created to show how certain modelswill react when movement is exerted. Collisions can also be investigated, giving the designercontrol on the practicalities of the design at a very early stage.

Clicking the down-arrow of the New button on the Quick Launch Toolbarand selecting Assembly will load the Assembly Environment and a con-text Ribbon. The Design tab can be used to call upon such items asFasteners, Frames, Power Transmissions, and Springs. These givethe designer further tools to create set parts very quickly; in effect they arewizards that will help design standard components and fittings very quicklywith the minimal of user input.

Figure 18 Assemble Tab > Component Panel

Figure 17Assembly



Presentation EnvironmentOnce an assembly has been completed, a Presentation file (.ipn) can be created to showhow an assembly is put together or taken apart. The various placed components are tweakedaway from each other to show an exploded model.

A Presentation file can then be created and saved as ananimated set of images, either as a wmv or an avi file. These files can be sent by email to adistant recipient, giving the chance to view a complex assembly method prior to theassembly being made. Camera rotations, zooms, partsrotations and a good choice of materials can all be combined to give a very high quality repre-sentation of the finished article.

Clicking the down-arrow of the New button on the Quick Launch Toolbarand selecting Presentation will load the Presentation Environment anda context Ribbon.

Figure 22 Presentation Tab > Create Panel

Figure 19 Design Tab > Fasten and Frame Panels

Figure 20 Design Tab > Power Transmission and Spring Panels

Figure 21Presentation



Drawing Sheet EnvironmentIn the Drawing Sheet Environment, parts and assemblies can be shown in 1st or 3rd angleprojection, using various sheet sizes, borders, title blocks, and sketched symbols. Once abase view has been established, projections can be made along with all styles of sections andrepresentations. These are all generated from the parts and assemblies that have beencreated previously within any particular Project.

A finished drawing (.idw) can be annotated; balloons referenced and showa parts list (BOM). The title blocks can be edited and new ones, along withsketch symbols can be created.

Clicking the down-arrow of the New button on the Quick Launch Toolbarand selecting Presentation will load the Presentation Environment anda context Ribbon.

Figure 23Drawing

Figure 24 Place Views Tab > Create Panel

Figure 25 Place Views Tab > Modify, Sketch, and Sheets Panel

Figure 26 Annotate Tab > Dimension, Feature Notes, and Text



Figure 03 Ribbon > Get Started Tab

Get Started Tab on the Ribbon

Before moving on to the 3.2 Sub-Section that follows, take the opportunity of exploring someof the features illustrated on the Get Started tab on the Ribbon.

User Interface Overview PanelRibbon Introduction A video introduction to the Ribbon for Autodesk Inventor 2010.

Ribbon Tutorial An introduction tutorial to the Ribbon interface.

Comman Locator Autodesk Inventor Command Locator.

New Features PanelWhat's New New features workshop for Autodesk Inventor 2010.

Learn about Inventor PanelGetting Started Guide Guide to Autodesk Inventor Getting Started

(Internet connection required)

Tutorials Autodesk Inventor Tutorial Learning ResouceLevel 1 - FundamentalsLevel 2 - General InterestLevel 3 - Specific Interest

Learning Path Autodesk Inventor Learning Resources - Help

Show Me Animations Autodesk Inventor Show Me Animations

Involvement PanelEngineers Rule.ORG Student Engineering & Design Community

(Internet connection required)

Customer Involvement Autodesk Customer Involvement Program



3.2 Move Toolbars within the Parametric Modelling Environment tocreate a Usable Work Area

ToolbarsThere are a number of toolbars available in Autodesk Inventor, but by default only theQuick Launch Toolbar,InfoCenter, and Navigation toolbars are displayed, thetwo former being 'docked' along the top of the screen and the latter down the rightof screen.

Figure 01 Quick Launch Toolbar (QLT)

Figure 02 InfoCenter

The Ribbon

The Ribbon is the primary interface for the tools available for design and is 'docked' by defaultacross the top of the graphics window, but may be placed on the User Interface as a floatingRibbon, or docked vertically to the left or right of the graphics window. The tool structure iscontext-sensitive based upon the current environment and mode in use. For example, whenswitching from Part modelling to Assembly modelling, the Ribbon will automatically switch todisplay the correct tools for the new mode of work.

The Model Browser Bar

The Model Browser Bar is one of the maininterface components and is 'docked' by defaulton the left side of the screen, but may be placedanywhere on the User Interface. It is context-sensitive based upon the current environment inuse.

Figure 03 Example - Ribbon > Assemble Tab

Figure 04 Browser Bar

Figure 03Navigation



Exercise - Moving Toolbars, Panels, and Browser Bars

1 Load Autodesk Inventor if not already loaded and click the Open button on the QuickLaunch Toolbar to display the Open dialog box.

Figure 05 Open dialog box

2 Ensure that the correct Workspace is in use, then expand the folder called Section3-2 and Open the file called Bracket, then immediately Save As... under the filenameof Bracket2 to preserve the original file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

Figure 06 Bracket.ipt




Moving, Docking and Undocking Toolbars, Panels and Browsers

3 Click the Tools tab, then the Options panel on the Ribbon and click the Customizebutton to display its dialog box.

Figure 08iFeature Panel Toolbar

4 Ensure the Toolbars tab is active and select iFeature Panel asshown above, then click the Show button to display theiFeature Panel toolbar.

Note: With the toolbar located in the Graphics Window itstermed to be a floating toolbar, and can be draggedanywhere on the screen.

5 Click the Title bar (usually blue) with the left-mouse button and keep your finger pressedon it. Now drag the toolbar using the mouse to any other location on the screen.

6 You'll now 'dock' the toolbar.

Click on its Title bar and drag and dock it down the right-hand edge of the screen(under the Navigation bar).

The horizontal bar at the top of the toolbar is a Grab bar, and is used to 'undock' thetoolbar.

7 Click the Grab bar on the iFeature Panel toolbar and hold your fingerdown, then drag the toolbar back onto the Graphics Window.

Note: The Grab bar is shown horizontal on vertically located dockedtoolbars and panels, and vertical on those located horizontally (seethe Model Browser bar).

8 When finished trying it out, click the small button with the cross on it inthe top right-hand corner, to unload the toolbar.

9 Now click on the large horizontal Grab bar on the Model Browser and drag it to alocation anywhere on the screen.

10 Try docking it down the right-hand side of the screen - when finished practicing, dock itback in its original location at the left-hand side of the screen.

Do not save the file. This completes the Exercise.

Figure 07 Ribbon > Tools Tab > Options Panel

Grab bar



3.3 Use Viewing and Zoom Tools to Manipulate Geometry Displayon Screen

Viewing Tools (Navigation Bar)

The Viewing or Navigation tools manipulate the view in the Graphics Window of theactive part, assembly or drawing. Viewing tools can be used to manipulate the viewwhile performing other operations. For example, rotating a Part during a fillet operationso that edges can be selected that would otherwise be hidden.

Clicking in the Graphics Window will display the Navigation Bar located verticallydown the right-hand side of the screen under the ViewCube.

Zoom AllIn a Part or Assembly, it zooms the view so that all elements in the model fit in theGraphics Window. In a drawing, it zooms the view so that all active sheets fit in theGraphics Window - now try using Zoom All.

Figure 01 Zoom All - Before Figure 02 Zoom All - After

Zoom WindowChanges the cursor into cross-hairs that are used to define a frame (window) for the view. Theelements within the frame zoom to fill the Graphics Window - try it out.

Figure 03 Zoom Window - Before Figure 04 Zoom Window - After



ZoomThe cursor turns into an arrow that is used tozoom the view in or out.

After selecting the Zoom button, click on thescreen and while holding the left-mouse buttondown, slide the cursor downwards to zoom inand upwards to zoom out about the centre ofthe Graphics Window - try it out.

Figure 05 Zoom - Slide the Cursor up or down

PanChanges the cursor into a four-directional arrow used to drag (pan) the view in the GraphicsWindow without changing magnification - try it out.

Zoom SelectedIn a Part or Assembly, it zooms the selected edge, feature, line, or other element to fill theDisplay Window. The element can be selected either before or after clicking the Zoom button- try it out, but its not used in drawings.

Figure 06 Pan / Zoom Selected - Before Figure 07 Zoom Selected - After

OrbitIn a Part or Assembly, the view can be rotated freely about the screen. Not used in drawings.

Constrained OrbitIn a Part or Assembly, the view can be rotated around the vertical axis of a model. Not used indrawings.

Selected Face



Accessing the Navigation Bar

The Navigation Bar can be accessed by clicking in the Graphics Window to display theNavigation Bar located vertically down the right-hand side of the screen under the ViewCube.

It can also be toggled On and Off from the User Interface button drop-down menu on theWindows panel of the View tab.

Figure 08 View > Windows > User Interface > Navigation Bar

Customising the Navigation Bar Display

Clicking the Customize button in the bottom right corner of the Navigation Bar andthen on the viewing tool(s), will toggle their display On or Off in the Navigation Bar.

Figure 09 Customize Button



Exercise - 3D Orbit

1 Expand the folder called Section 3-3 and Open the file called Bracket, thenimmediately Save As... (located on the Application Menu) under the filename ofBracket3 to preserve the original file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 Pan and Zoom to display the model in the centre of the work area (if necessary).

3 On the Navigation Bar, click the Orbit button from the pop-up menu. The Orbit tool,3D Indicator, and ViewCube are displayed.

Figure 10 3D Orbit ToolOrbit Tool

4 With the Orbit tool displayed, click and drag the cursor whilst within the circle to rotatethe model in free orbit mode.

5 Now click and drag the cursor whilst outside the circle to rotate the model in Roll mode.Note the cursor icon has changed and rotates the model about the Z-axis.

6 Click on the left or right horizontal line attached to the circle and drag the cursor. TheOrbit mode is now locked to the left of right rotation about the Y-axis.

7 Click on the top or bottom vertical line attached to the circle and drag the cursor. TheOrbit mode is now locked to the top or bottom rotation about the X-axis with respectto the centre of the circle.

8 To change the centre of rotation, click inside or outside the Orbit tool to set a newcentre.

9 To exit the Orbit tool, press [ESC] or right-click and select Done from the pop-upshortcut menu.

10 Another method of invoking the Orbit tool is to press [F4] and keeping your finger on thekey, drag the cursor using one of the rotation modes detailed above - try it.

Do not save the Part file. This completes the Exercise.



View FaceIn a Part or Assembly, it zooms and rotates the model to display the selected element planarto the screen or a selected edge or line horizontal to the screen - try it out, but its not used indrawings.

Figure 11 View Face - Before Figure 12 View Face - After

Note: A right-click in the work area will display the shortcut menuand selecting Previous View, will return the model to the lastrecorded view (or pressing [F5] will have the same effect).

Figure 13 Previous View

ViewCubeThe ViewCube tool displays in the 3D environment as a default in the graphics window,allowing a view of the modelto be created. The ViewCube uses faces, edges, and corners asselection options to define viewing angles.

As the cursor is moved over the ViewCube, it becomes active by highlighting 'hot-spots' ondifferent parts of the cube. Various views are selected by clicking on different hot-spots.

Switching between various views in the drawing can also be achieved using the compass ringat the base of the ViewCube, which is switched on and off via the ViewCube Options accessedby right-clicking on the ViewCube. North is based upon what has been defined for thedrawing's WCS (World Coordinate System).

In addition to the predefined viewpoints, the cursor can be clicked and dragged on the cube toorbit the model freestyle.

Selected View Face



Figure 14ViewCube in Isometric View

Figure 15ViewCube in Front View

Figure 16ViewCube in Isometric View

with Compass

Figure 17ViewCube in Top View with

Compass

Options...Right-clicking on the ViewCube, then selectingOptions... from the pop-up shortcut menu willdisplay the ViewCube Options dialog box.

Figure 18 Options...

Figure 19ViewCube Options > Compass



Using Home ViewAfter manipulating the model to any orientation, the view can then bespecified as the Home View. This view would then be the view that is showneach time the file is opened and whenever the Home View tool is selected.The Home View glyph displays as the cursor is moved over the ViewCube.

Figure 20Home View Tool

SteeringWheelsSteeringWheels or Navigation Wheels, provide a quick access to several navigationtools in a single interface.

A SteeringWheel is a combined interface of multiple navigationtools shaped as a wheel object, which when actived follows thecursor on screen until it is deactivated.

The wheel is divided into areas called wedges, with each wedgerepresenting a specific navigation tool. Each tool is accessedby clicking on the wedge that represents the desired naviga-tion tool and then dragging the cursor to create the desiredeffect.

SteeringWheel Types

There are a number of SteeringWheels available, each with different configurations,depending on whether you are working in 2D or 3D and the type of work you are doing.For the more experienced users of SteeringWheels, there are a number of downsizedmini wheels. These are about the same size as the cursor and do not display labels onthe divided wedges. Each mini wheel consists of the same navigation tools as theircorresponding big wheel.

ORBIT ORBITREWIND LOOK REWIND

ZOOM

PAN

ZOOM

PAN

WALKWALK

UP/DOWN

REWIND

UP/DOWN

CENTER

LOOK

Figure 22View Object Wheel

Figure 23Tour Building Wheel

Figure 24Full Navigation Wheel

Figure 21Full Navigation Wheel



SteeringWheel Tools

The following navigation tools are available via the various wedges:

CenterSpecifies a point on the model as the center of the current view.

ForwardAdjusts the distance between the current point of view and the defined pivot point ofthe model.

LookRotates the view horizontally and vertically around a fixed point. Similar to you beingin a fixed location, but able to 'look' around by pivoting your head.

OrbitRotates the current view around a model based on a fixed pivot point which isdetermined by the Center option.

PanRe-locates the current view of the model by panning.

RewindRestores the last view.

Up/DownSlides the current view of the model along the Y-axis of the screen.

WalkSimulates walking through a model.

ZoomAdjusts the magnification of the current view.

SteeringWheels Menu

Clicking on the Menu Arrow icon in the bottom right-handcorner of the wheel (or right-clicking anywhere on the wheel)will display the pop-up Menu shown in Figure 25.

Figure 25 SteeringWheels Menu Arrow Icon and Menu



Figure 26 SteeringWheels Settings

SteeringWheel Settings

Clicking on Options... on the pop-up Menu will display the SteeringWheels Options dialogbox.

To close the SteeringWheel, click the Close button in thetop right-hand corner of the wheel (or right-click on theSteeringWheel and select Close Wheel from the pop-upmenu or press the [ESC] key).

Figure 27 Close

Figure 28 Close Wheel



Restoring Previous Views

Views are manipulated in the graphics window and there are times when there will be a need toreturn to a previous view to re-evaluate the design or to make design changes. Using thePrevious View tool (accessed by clicking anywhere in graphics window and selecting from thepop-up shortcut menu), or by clicking and holding the REWIND wedge will enable the previousview or an earlier created view to be restored. The Previous View tool restores the view previousto the current view, whilst the REWIND wedge enables one of the previously defined views to berestored.

Figure 29 Previous View

Figure 30 Rewind Tool



3.4 Change the Background Colour and Graphics Display in theWork Area

Background

The Background in the Graphics Window can be changed to suit the individual user byselecting a Colour Scheme with a single colour, gradient or background image.

This information is controlled from the Application Options dialog box by first selecting theApplication Menu and then the Options button, then ensure the Colors tab isselected.

It is also set to display in the Design environment by default.

Figure 01 Application Options > Colors Tab



Exercise - Background Colours

1 Expand the folder called Section 3-4 and Open the file called Bracket, thenimmediately Save As... under the filename of Bracket4 to preserve the original file forother users (overwrite if necessary).

2 Click Application Menu button, then the Options button to display theApplication Options dialog box.

3 Click the Colors tab and ensure the Design box is selected.

4 Now select each Color Scheme in turn with the 1 Color Background selected to seethe effect on the Graphics Display.

5 Set the Background to Gradient and repeat the Color Scheme selections to see theeffects.

6 Finally, set the Color Scheme to Presentation and the Background to Gradient(Figure 02), and click on the Apply button, then click Close to exit to see the effect.

Figure 03 Color Scheme: Presentation - Background: Gradient

Do not save the file. This completes the Exercise.

Figure 02 Color Scheme: Presentation - Background: Gradient



Display Mode

The Display view in the Graphics Window has three modes: Sheded,Hidden Edge, and Wireframe.

Figure 04 Display Mode

Figure 07 Shaded Mode

Figure 08 Shaded with Hidden Edge Mode

Figure 09 Wireframe Mode

Display modes can be applied to Part and/or Assembly models.

To change the Display mode in the active window, click one of thebuttons on the Appearance panel of the View tab on the Ribbon.

Shaded Hidden Edge Wireframe

Figure 05Display Modes

Figure 06 Ribbon > View Tab > Appearance Panel



3.5 Access the Help Menus and Search for Command Explanationsand Online Tutorials

Exercise - Help

1 Click the Help button on the InfoCenter bar, or press [F1] on the keyboard, or right-click on the Graphics Window to display Autodesk Inventor Help dialog box .

Figure 01 Autodesk Inventor Help

2 The right-hand pane contains many help activities, the mainitems include:

• New Users• All Users• Resources on the Web

Have a look through a few of the activitiesbefore moving on.

3 In the left-hand pane, click on the Index tab,then in the Type in a keyword to find: textbox, type in project files and double-click onthe highlighted text that appears in the Indexlisting to display the Topics Found dialogbox (Figure 04).

Figure 02 Help Topics...

Figure 03 Index Tab



In the Topics Found dialog box, clickCreate projects (Procedure) to displaythe Create projects pane.

Figure 04 Create projects - Procedure Tab

Figure 05 Project Wizard - Quick Reference Tab

5 Read the instructions and revue the information on the Concept tab, and select What isa project file? from the menu to display information about a project file (Figure 06).

4 Read the instructions and revue the information on the Quick Reference tab, andselect Project Wizard from the menu to display the Project Wizard information pane(Figure 05).



Figure 06 What is a project file? - Concept Tab

6 In the left-hand pane, type parallel inthe Type in a keyword to find: textbox, and double-click on parallelconstraints in the Index listing todisplay the Topics Found dialog box.

Figure 08 Topics Found

7 Double-click on Constrain curves to be parallel (Procedure) to display theConstrain curves to be parallel information pane (Figure 09).

Figure 07 Index tab > Parallel



Figure 09 Constrain curves to be parallel - Procedure tab

8 You can read and learn from viewing help topics, and some even provide animations onthe subject like the Show Me avi links in the information pane above.

Click on the Show Me how to create a parallel constraint link above to display theShow Me Animations dialog box.

Figure 10 Show Me - Parallel Constraint

Using such help tools as the Show Me movies are extremely useful as each step canbe can repeated over and over again to reinforce learning.

9 Click on the Show Me Home Page link on the ShowMe Animations dialog box to display the Show Me Animations menu box.



Figure 11 Visual Syllabus Menu

10 The Show Me Animations menu has numerous items linked to the Show MeAnimations files offering an insight on how drawings and features actually work.

Click on Parts - Placed Features, then Chamfer to display the Show Me Animationsmovie on the use of the Chamfer feature.

Figure 12 Show Me Animations - Chamfer Feature

Click on each numbered button in turn to manually view each sequence or click on theStart button to play the movie in sequence.

Click on Show Me Home Page when finished and close the Show Me Animationsmenu box.



Figure 15 Create a rectangle - Procedure Tab

13 As can be seen, this form of invoking context Help can be extremely useful.

When finished, Close the Helpinformation box, then right-click andfrom the context pop-up menu,select Done (or press [ESC]) tocancel the Two point rectanglecommand.

14 In addition, hovering the cursorover the intended command willdisplay tool tip help (Figure 16).

This completes the Exercise.

11 Another method of accessing Help files is in the actual SketchEnvironment.

Click the down-arrow next to the New button on the QuickAccess Toolbar and from the drop-down menu, click on Part.

This will start a new Part file with the Sketch Environmentactivated.

12 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click theTwo Point Rectangle button and click anywherein the Graphics Window as a start point, then right-click to display the pop-up contextmenu.

Select How To... to display the Create a rectangle helpinformation box (Figure 14).

Figure 13 Part

Figure 14 How To...

Figure 16 Tool Tip Help



3.6 Use Standard Templates

When initially installing Autodesk Inventor on to the hard drive, the software offers the optionof setting up a user default based on Metric or English (American English, ie Imperial units)units and a drafting standard (selected from ANSI, BSI, DIN, GT, ISO, or JIS) to use when fullyloaded.

Access to the various templates that are available is through the New button on the QuickAccess Toolbar. This displays the New File dialog box illustrating the Default tabtemplates available.

Figure 01 New File - Default tab templates

The Default templates are based on the units and drafting standard loaded at the time ofinstallation.

The English (units in feet and inches) templates available are shown in Figure 02.

The Metric templates available are shown in Figure 02.

For the purpose of this courseware, the units being used are Metric.



Figure 02 New File - English and Metric tab templates



Use a Range of Commands toCreate and Constrain Sketches



4



Use a Range of Commands to Create and ConstrainSketches

4.1 Use the Sketching Environment to Create Geometry includingLines, Circles and Arcs

Sketch Environment

From the Launch panel on the Get Started tab, clicking the New button would display theNew File dialog box.

Figure 01 New File > Standard.ipt

Figure 02 Part

Double-clicking the Standard.ipt icon would display the Sketch Environment (or click thedown-arrow on the New button on the Quick Launch Toolbar and select Part).



Figure 03 Sketch Environment

Sketch TabPanel Title Bar

Sketch1 - CreatedAutomatically

Sketch OriginIndicator andCenter Point

Sketch Axes

Sketch Tab Ribbon

Sketch Tab Ribbon: Displays the Sketch Environment panels.

Sketch Tab Panel Bar: Displays the 2D Sketching tools.

Sketch Formatting Tools: Used to create centreline,construction, points, and drivendimensions, when creating sketch geometry.

Sketch Origin Indicator: Used to identify the current location and orientation of the sketchorigin and axes.

Sketch Axes: Aligned with the sketch origin indicator and represents the X and Y axes ofthe sketch.

Model Browser Bar: Displays information about the geometry that makes up the partmodel in a hierarchal manner.

Sketch1: The first sketch in a part. This is automatically created as the new part isdeveloped.

Model Browser BarViewCube

SketchFormatting Tools



Figure 04 2D Sketch Tab Panels and Tools

Sketch Panels and Tools

As the Sketch Environment is loaded, the Ribbon switches to display the available sketchpanels and tools.



Creating Lines, Circles and Arcs

Creating Lines

The following procedures would be used to create lines in a sketch.

1 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Line tool (or press [L]) and pick astarting point for the line to be drawn.

2 Drag the cursor in the direction you want to draw the line (vertically upwards in thiscase).

Note: A Constraint Glyph appears indicating the type of constraint (vertical) that isbeing applied to the line segment.

Constraint Glyph

3 Pick a point to end the line length.

4 Drag the cursor horizontally to the right whilst paying attention to the Constraint Glyphwhich should be indicating a line being drawn perpendicular to the last one drawn.


6 Drag the cursor vertically downwards - the Constraint Glyph indicates that the linebeing drawn is parallel to the first line drawn.


8 Continue drawing line segments until the sketch iscompleted.

9 Right-click in the Graphics Window and click Done onthe shortcut menu, or press [Esc].



Creating Circles

The following procedures would be used to create circles in a sketch.

1 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Center PointCircle tool (or press [C]) and pick centre point for the circle to bedrawn.

2 Drag the cursor to a point representing the outside perimeter of the circle and pick thatpoint to create the circle.

3 Right-click in the Graphics Window and click Done on the pop-up shortcut menu, orpress [Esc].

4 Click the down-arrow on the Center Point Circle tool, and selectthe Tangent Circle tool to create a 3-Point Tangent Circle.

5 Select the three parts of the geometry that the circle will be drawn tangential to asshown.


1

2

3



Creating Arcs

The following procedures would be used to create arcs in a sketch.

1 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Center Point Arctool (or press [A]) and pick a point representing the centre of the arc.

Note: The midpoint of the line is automatically found.

2 Pick a point representing the start point of the arc.

Note: All arcs are created in an anti-clockwise direction, so pick the start pointcarefully.

3 Pick a point representing the end point of the arc.


5 Click the Arc down-arrow and select the Tangent Arc tool, and pickthe geometry (line in this case) being used for the arcs tangency.



6 Drag the cursor to start forming the arc and pick the end point for the arc.

Note: The Center Point Projection (tracking line) as it approaches a 90°, 180°, or270° arc.


Center Point Projection

8 Click the Arc down-arrow and select the Three Point Arc tool, thenpick the start point of the arc.

9 Pick a point for the end point of the arc.

10 Drag the cursor up to create the arc to the required size. Constraint Glyphs mayappear (tangent) to aid sizing.

Creating an Arc using the Line Command

The following procedure is a very quick method of producing an Arc whilst in Line mode.

1 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Line tool (or press [L]) and pick astarting point for the line to be drawn.

2 Click at the start point of the arc and keeping your finger on the left-mouse button, dragthe cursor in the direction of the arc required and pick the end point for the arc.



Exercise - Creating Sketches

In this exercise, some basic sketch geometry will be used to create3D features. Later exercises will include geometric and dimensionalconstraints.

1 Click the down-arrow on the New button on the Quick LaunchToolbar and select Part.

2 Click the Application Menu button, then the Options button todisplay the Options dialog box.

3 Select the Sketch tab and under Display,ensure the checkbox is ticked forCoordinate system indicator.

Note: This places the 3D Indicator onthe Origin point (0,0,0).

4 On the Draw panel, click the Two Point Rectangle tool andcreate a rectangle approximately 60mm x 30mm. Start therectangle at the origin (point) indicator and use the coordinatedisplay in the bottom-right corner of the Graphics Window to approximate the size ofthe rectangle.

Figure 01 Part

Figure 02 Coordinate System Indicator - On

Origin (point) indicator

Figure 03 Two Point Rectangle

5 On the Draw panel, click the Three Point Arc tool and pick thetop-left corner of the rectangle as the start (first) point.

6 Pick the top-right corner of the rectangle as the end (second) point of the arc.

7 Drag the cursor upwards and click when the Tangent Constraint Glyphs appear, tocreate the arc to the required size.

8 Right-click in the Graphics Window and on the pop-up shortcut menu, click Done.

Coordinate Display



Figure 04 Arc

9 On the Modify panel, click the Trim tool (or press [X]) and select the horizontal lineas shown below to trim out.

10 Right-click in the Graphics Window and on the pop-up shortcut menu, click Done.

11 Press [F6] to go to the Home View, (or right-click and select Home View)

Figure 05 Trim



12 On the Sketch tab, click the Finish Sketch button to change from Sketch mode toModel mode.

13 On the Create panel of the Model tab, click the Extrude tool (or press [E])to display the Extrude dialog box.

In the Distance text box, enter 15 mm and click OK.

Figure 06 Extrude

14 Right-click on the left side face of the model as shown below and on the pop-upshortcut menu that appears, click New Sketch.

Figure 07 New Sketch



15 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Two PointRectangle tool and sketch a rectangle similar to the one shownbelow.

Figure 08 Rectangle

16 In the Graphics Window, right-click and select Create Feature, then Extrude fromthe pop-up menu that appears to display the Extrude dialog box.

Figure 09 Create Feature<Extrude

17 Select the rectangular profile just created and complete the Extrude dialog box asshown in Figure 10, then click OK.



Figure 10 Extrude

Figure 11 Completed Part

18 The completed part is shown below - do not save.

End of Sketch Exercise.



4.2 Use General Geometric Constraints when Sketching includingVertical, Horizontal, Parallel, Tangent, Perpendicular andCoincident

Constraining Sketches

Constraints stabilise sketch geometry by placing limits on how geometry can change. Forexample, if a vertical constraint is applied to a line, that line is forced to be vertical at all times.

As sketches are created, some constraints are inferred (applied automatically like Glyphs).In most cases these constraints are sufficient, but as the sketch continues to be developed,additional constraints may be needed to properly stabilise the sketch geometry.

Figure 01 Before Constraints Figure 02 After Constraints

Geometric Constraints

Several different types of geometric constraints may be applied to the sketch geometry. Eachconstraint type offers a unique capability and is used to create a specific constraint condition.

The following 2D geometric constraints are available on the Sketch tab and are shown moredetailed overpage.

Figure 03 Sketch > Constrain Panel(Geometric and Dimensional Constraints)



Constraint Potential Sketch Elements Constraint Condition Created

Perpendicular Line Constrained geometry isperpendicular to each other

Parallel Line Constrained geometry is parallel toeach other

Tangent Line, Circle, Arc Constrained geometry is tangent toeach other

Smooth Lines, Arcs, Splines Constrains a curvature continuous(G2) condition between a spline andanother curve

Coincident Line, Point, Endpoint of Line, Constrains two points together; canCenter Point constrain a line to a point

Concentric Circle, Arc Constrains circles or arcs to share thesame center point location

Collinear Lines, Ellipse Axes Constrains the geometry to lie alongthe same line

Horizontal Lines, Pairs of Points Constrains the geometry to lie(including Midpoints) and parallel to the X-axis of the sketchCenter Points coordinate system

Vertical Lines, Pairs of Points Constrains the geometry to lie(including Midpoints) and parallel to the Y-axis of the sketchCenter Points coordinate system

Equal Lines,Circles, Arcs Constrains the geometry to haveequal radii or lines to have thesame length

Fix Lines, Points, Circles, Arcs Constrains the geometry to be fixedat its current position relative to thesketch coordinate system

Symmetric Lines, Points, Circles, Arcs Constrains the geometry to besymmetrical about a selectedcenterline



Applying 2D Geometric Constraints

The following procedures would be used to apply different geometric constraints.

Perpendicular Constraint

1 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Perpendicular constraint tooland select the two lines to be made perpendicular to each other.

Figure 01 Perpendicular - Before Figure 02 Perpendicular - After

Parallel Constraint

2 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Parallel constraint tool and selectthe two lines that are to be constrained parallel to each other.

Figure 03 Parallel - Before Figure 04 Parallel - After

Figure 05 Fix and Tangent - Before

Fix and Tangent Constraints

3 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Fix constraint tool and select thecentre point for each circle in turn. This fixes the two circles in place and will force thetangent line to adjust when selected.

4 Click the Tangent constraint tool and select the line and large circle to create atangent point between the two.

Figure 06 Fix and Tangent - After



Coincident and Concentric Constraints

5 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Coincident constraint tool andselect the centre point of each circle in turn.

Figure 07 Coincident - Before Figure 08 Coincident - After

6 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Concentric constraint tool andselect the two circles in turn.

Figure 11 Colinear - Before Figure 12 Colinear - After

Colinear Constraint

7 On the 2D Sketch Panel click the Colinear constraint tool and select the upper-leftand upper-right horizontal line in turn to apply the constraint.

Figure 13 Horizontal - Before Figure 14 Horizontal - After

Figure 09 Concentric - Before Figure 10 Concentric - After

Horizontal and Vertical Constraints

8 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Horizontal constraint tool andselect the sloping line to apply the constraint, forcing it horizontal.

The Vertical constraint works in a similar manner forcing the selected entity to alwaysshow in a vertical position.



Equal Constraint

9 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Equal constraint tool and selecteach arc in turn to apply the constraint making each arc equal in size.

Figure 15 Equal - Before Figure 16 Equal - After

Symmetric Constraint

10 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Symmetric constraint tool andselect the first and second sketch elements, then select a sketch element to be usedfor the symmetry line.

D

1

2

3

Figure 17 Symmetric - Before Figure 18 Symmetric - Before Figure 19 Symmetric - Before

Figure 20 Symmetric - Before Figure 21 Symmetric - After Figure 22 Symmetric - After

A B

C

The symmetry line need only be selected once, then continue selecting the other sketchelements to apply the constraint.

Figure 23 Smooth - Before Figure 24 Smooth - After

Smooth Constraint

11 Click on the Smooth constrainttool and select the spline thenthe line attached to the splineendpoint. Repeat for the otherend of the spline.



Exercise - Constraining Sketches 1

In this exercise, geometrical constraints will be used on sketches to create 3D features.

1 Expand the folder called Section 4-2 and Open the file called Constraints-Exercise1.ipt,then immediately Save As... under the filename of Constraints-Ex1 to preserve theoriginal file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

Figure 02 Coordinate System Indicator - Off

2 Click the Application Menu bar and from the drop-down menu click on ApplicationOptions... to display the Options dialog box.

3 Select the Sketch tab and under Display,ensure the checkbox is unticked forCoordinate system indicator.

Figure 01 Constraints-Ex1 Exercise

4 On the Sketch panel of the Model tab, click the Create 2DSketch tool and select the face on the part as shown below.

Figure 03 Select Face

Figure 04 Sketch Face

Selectedface



5 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Two PointRectange tool and sketch a rectangle on the face as shown below.

Figure 05 Rectangle

6 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Center PointCircle tool and create two circles centred on the edges of therectangle and coincident to the corners.

7 Hold the [Shift] key down and select the lines on each end of the rectangle (they turnblue), then press the [Delete] key to delete the lines (or use Trim to have the sameeffect).

Figure 06 Circles

Deletethese lines

8 On the Modify panel of the Sketch tab, click the Trim tool and select the inside semi-circles.

Figure 07 Delete

Figure 08 Trim Figure 09 Trim - After



9 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Tangent constraint tool and applytangent constraints between the arcs and lines at the four corners of the slot sketch byselecting a line near its endpoint, then select the arc near the same endpoint. Repeatthis process for each corner of the slot.

Figure 10 Tangent

10 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Vertical constraint tool and selectthe midpoint of the left edge and the centrepoint on the circle.

Figure 11 Vertical

Midpoint

11 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Horizontal constraint tool andselect the midpoint of the face and the midpoint on the slot.

MidpointThe slot sketch should now be centred on theface

12 On the Exit panel of the Sketch tab, click the Finish Sketch button to exit Sketchmode and return to Model mode.

Figure 12 Horizontal



14 On the ViewCube select the top left-hand corner 'hot spot' of the cube as shownbelow.

Figure 13 Extrude

Figure 14 Isometric View

15 On the Sketch panel of the Model tab, click the Create 2DSketch tool and select the face on the part as shownoverpage.

Before After

13 On the Create panel of the Model tab, click the Extrude tool and select the slot area ofthe sketch. In the Extents drop-down list, select All and click the Cut option. Click OK.



SELF ASSESSMENT

16 Repeat the steps 4-13 to create a slot on this sketch face of the part.

Figure 15 Select Face


Figure 17 Second Slot

17 On the Sketch panel of the Model tab, click the Create 2DSketch tool and select select the face on the part as shownon Figure 18.

Figure 18 Select Face Figure 19 Sketch Face



18 On the Navigation Bar on the Graphics Window, click the View Face tooland select the same face to rotate the view normal to the face.

Figure 20 Look At

19 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Center PointCircle tool and sketch the circle shown below, then select the

Line tool and sketch the three lines shown below.Ensure the sloping lines are at a tangent to the circle and parallel to theoutside edges using the Glyph constraints.

20 On the Modify panel of the Sketch tab, click the Trim tool and select the circle on theinside of the sketch to delete.

Figure 21 Sketch Figure 22 Trim

21 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Vertical constraint tool andensure the centrepoint of the circle and the midpoint of the horizontal line on the sketchare vertical.

22 Click the Parallel constraint tool and ensure the outside sloping edge on the left andthe inside sloping edge on the same side are parallel.

Figure 23 Vertical Constraint Figure 24 Parallel Constraint

23 Click the Colinear constraint tool and select the top edge of the block and then thehorizontal line in the sketch. Right-click and select Done.

Figure 25 Colinear Constraint

Right-click to display the pop-up shortcut menuand select Finish Sketch.

Midpoint

Parallel

Top Edge

Figure 26 Finish Sketch



24 On the ViewCube, click on the top left-hand corner 'hot-spot' tocreate the Isometric View shown below.


Figure 28 Extrude

25 On the Create panel of the Model tab, click the Extrude tool to display the dialog box(or press [E] on the keyboard).

26 Click inside the sketch profile. In the Extents drop-down list, select All and click on theCut option, then click OK.



Figure 29 Completed Part

27 Save As... the part as YOUR INITIALS-BLOCK and close all files.

End of Constraints-Exercise1.



4.3 Display and Add/Remove Additional Geometric Constraintsto/from the Sketch including: Equal, Tangent, Midpoint, andConcentric.

Showing and Removing Constraints

As 2D sketches are created and constrained, it may be necessary to view and possiblyremove some constraints. The Show Constraints tool on the Constrain panel on the Sketchtab, displays the constraints applied to the selected geometry and if necessary, select theconstraint(s) for removal.

Show ConstraintsOn the Show Constraints toolbar, click the constraint andthe geometry referenced by the selected constraint will behighlighted (usually in red)

Show All ConstraintsIn Sketch tab mode, short-right click in the GraphicsWindow and from the Shortcut menu, click Show AllConstraints (or press the [F8] key) to display all theconstraints at once.

Figure 01 Show All Constraints

Figure 02 Hide All Constraints

Hide All ConstraintsIn Sketch tab mode, short-right click in the GraphicsWindow and from the Shortcut menu, click Hide AllConstraints (or press the [F9] key) to display all theconstraints at once.

Removing ConstraintsOn the Show Constraints toolbar, select the constraint symbolto be removed and press the [Delete] key (or right-click theselected constraint and from the pop-up context menu, clickDelete).

Figure 03 Delete



Exercise - Constraining Sketches 2

In this exercise, geometrical constraints will be applied to sketches to create 3D features.

1 Expand the folder called Section 4-3 and Open the file called Constraints-Exercise2.ipt,then immediately Save As... under the filename of Constraints-Ex2 to preserve theoriginal file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Navigation Bar on the Graphics Window, clickthe View Face tool and select the front face (with thesketch on it) to rotate the view normal to the face.

3 On the Model panel, right-click on Sketch4 and fromthe pop-up shortcut menu, click Edit Sketch.

Figure 02 Edit Sketch

Figure 01 Look At and Edit Sketch

4 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click theTangent constraint tool and select the left-hand sloping lineand then the circle.

Repeat for the right-hand sloping line and circle.

Figure 03Tangent Constraint

Figure 04Tangent Constraint

5 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Concentric constraint tool andselect the top arc on the block and then the circle to constrain them both to sharing thesame centre point location.

Figure 06Concentric Constraint

Figure 07Concentric Constraint - After

g ( y)

Figure 05Tangent Constraint - After



6 Click the Vertical constraint tool and select the centrepoint of the circle and themidpoint of the horizontal line on the sketch.

Figure 08 Vertical Constraint Figure 09 Vertical Constraint - After

Midpoint

7 Click the Parallel constraint tool and select the outside sloping edge on the left andthen the inside sloping line on the same side.

8 Click the Colinear constraint tool and select the top edge of the block and then thehorizontal line in the sketch.

Figure 10 Parallel Constraint Figure 11 Colinear Constraint

Top Edge

9 On the Modify panel of the Sketch tab, click the Trim tool and select the circle on theinside of the sketch to delete.

Figure 12 Trim

10 On the Constrain panel of the Sketchtab, click the Show Constraints tool andselect the three lines and the arc in thesketch to show their constraints.

Figure 13 Show Constraints

Parallel



11 Short-right click in the Graphics Window and from the pop-up shortcut menu, clickShow All Constraints (or press the [F8] key) to display all the constraints at once.

Figure 14 Show All Constraints

12 On the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab, click the Parallel constraint tool and selectthe outside sloping edge on the right and then the inside sloping line on the same side.This causes an Autodesk Inventor Alert box to be displayed - click the Cancel button.

ParallelConstraint

Figure 15 Autodesk Inventor - Create Constraint

13 Right-click the Parallel constraint shown on theleft in Figure 14 above and from the pop-upcontext menu, click Delete to remove it fromthe sketch.

Note: This also removes the correspondingoccurance of the Parallel constraint fromthe inside sloping line.

Figure 16 Delete Constraint



14 To maintain the stability of the sketch, the Parallel constraint still needs to be applied,but instead of simply undoing the last step, re-apply the constraint on the opposite sideof the sketch as follows:

Click the Parallel constraint tool and select the outside sloping edge on the right andthen the inside sloping line on the same side.

Note: The Parallel constraint has been added to theappropriate Constraints toolbars.

Figure 17Constraints Toolbars

15 Short-right click in the Graphics Window and fromthe pop-up shortcut menu, click Hide All Constraints(or press the [F9] key) to hide all the constraints atonce.

16 On the Exit panel of the Sketch tab, click FinishSketch to exit from Sketch mode. The sketch isnow fully constrained without specific sizing.

17 Do not save the part file.

End of Constraints2 Exercise.

Figure 18 Hide All Constraints



4.4 Add Linear, Radial and Angular Dimensions to Sketches as ameans of Further Constraining Geometry

Dimensioning Sketches

Sketch dimensioning is an important part of constraining 2D geometry. Geometric constraintsstabilise the sketch, while dimensions size the sketch according to the design intent.

Parametric DimensionsAdding parametric dimensions is the final step in fully constraining 2D sketch geometry. Whenparametric dimensions are applied to a sketch element, the sketch element changes size toreflect the dimension value.

Driven DimensionsAs dimensions are applied to the sketch geometry, they are parametric by default. Eachparametric dimension applied reduces the degrees of freedom available in each sketch. Whenall degrees of freedom have been removed, the sketch is considered to be fully constrained.Once a sketch is fully constrained, no additional constraints or parametric dimensions areallowed.

Driven dimensions are created with the same dimension tool, however, to create drivendimensions the dimension style must be set to Driven.

Accessed from the Format panel on the Sketch tab, by clicking on the Driven Dimensionbutton.

Automatic DimensioningAccessed from the Constrain panel of the Sketch tab by clicking on the AutomaticDimensions tool, applies constraints and dimensions to the entire sketch or only those sketchelements that are selected.

Curves: Select the sketch elements to be automatically dimensioned. If no sketchelements are selected, all elements are considered for dimensioning.

Dimensions: When selected, applies dimensions to the sketch elements.

Constraints: When selected, applies constraints to the sketch elements.

Figure 01 Auto Dimension



Dimensions Required: Displays the number of dimensions required to fully constrainthe sketch. Manually applied dimensions and/or constraintswill effect this number.

Apply: Applies dimensions and constraints to the selected geometry.

Remove: Removes the dimensions and/or constraints applied by the Auto Dimensiontool. This will not remove dimensions and/or constraints that were appliedmanually.

Figure 02 Auto Dimension - Fully Constrained



Exercise - Dimensioning Sketches

In this exercise, parametric dimensions will be used on sketches to create 3D features.

1 On the Quick Launch Toolbar, click the down-arrow on the Newbutton and select Part.

2 From the Application Menu, select the Options buttonand under the Sketch tab, ensure the Edit dimension whencreated and Autoproject part origin on sketch create checkboxes are ticked (On).

3 On the Draw panel on theSketch tab, click the Center PointCircle tool and pick the projected origin Center Point (turns green).

Use the Coordinate display showingRadius information at the bottom right ofthe screen to approximately size the circle to 60 radius. Use the Mouse wheel to Panand Zoom in the Graphics Window where necessary.

4 On the Constrain panel on the Sketch tab, click the Dimension tool and select theCircle, then by moving the mouse away, click to position the dimension.

This automatically displays the Edit Dimensiondialog box, so enter 120 for the correct diametervalue required.

Either click the green tick button in the Edit Dimension dialog box or press [Enter] toaccept the new value.

Right-click on the Graphics Window and from the pop-upcontext menu, click Done to finish using the command (or press[Esc]).

Note: The sketch automatically updates to the new size.

5 On the Draw panel on theSketch tab, click theTwo Point Rectangle tool and draw therectangle shown in Figure 04.

Figure 01New > Part

Figure 03 Done

Figure 02 Edit Dimension

Figure 04



6 On the Constrain panel on the Sketch tab, click the Dimension tool and add thedimensions shown in Figure 05 to position the rectangle accurately.

Note: Select the horizontal and vertical edges only, then drag out the 40 and 180dimensions to locate their positions before editing.

Select the horizontal edge and the circle for the 20 dimension, and thevertical edge and the circle for the 90 dimension.

7 On the Draw panel on theSketch tab, click the Line tool and draw the shape shown inFigure 06 using the following steps:

Start the line on top of the circle to the right of centre then pick anendpoint vertically above the first point. Note the Vertical Glyphon the line being created before the second point is picked.

Select the end of the line just created and left-mouse drag up andto the left to create an arc as shown, and let go when the horizontaltracking line across from the right-hand side is visible.

Complete the left-hand vertical line and notice the tangent, parallel,and coincident Glyphs, and tracking line across from the start point of the right-handline.

8 On the Constrain panel on theSketch tab, click the Vertical contraint.

Select the arc and circle centre points to position the arc vertically above the circle.

Note: Whilst the sketched shapes could be extruded as drawn to create a 3D Part,in practice it is usually better to edit them into one closed shape first.

Figure 05

Figure 06



9 On the Modify panel on the Sketch tab, click the Trim tool and remove the unwantedarcs/lines to produce the shape as shown in Figure 07.

Note: The circle diameter and the two vertical dimensions no longer exist. To stablisethe sketch again, certain constraints and dimensions need adding.

Figure 07

10 On the Constrain panel on the Sketch tab, click the Collinear constraint tool andselect the two upper horizontals lines and then the two lower horizontal lines.

11 On the Constrain panel on the Sketch tab, click the Equal constraint tool and selectthe two upper vertical lines.

12 On the Constrain panel on the Sketch tab, click the Show Constraints tool and selectthe same two upper vertical lines to show that the equal constraints have been applied.

Press [Esc] to end the command.




13 Right-mouse click on one of the Equal constrains to display a pop-up context menuand note the available options.

Click on Show All Constraints to display the constraintsfor all the sketch geometry.

Note: Pressing [F8] will also Show All Constraints.

Figure 10 Show All Constraints14 Right-mouse click on the

Graphics Window and from thepop-up context menu select HideAll Constraints (or press [F9]).

15 On the Draw panel on the Sketch tab, click the Center PointCircle tool, then select the upper radius centre point and drawa circle.

16 On the Constrain panel on the Sketch tab, click theDimension tool and select the circle, then place itsvalue in a suitable location.

Enter 20 for the correct diameter value required.

Figure 11 Circle




17 On the Format panel on the Sketch tab, click the Construction button.

18 On the Draw panel on the Sketch tab, click the Line tool and create two Constructionlines from the centre point of the large arc as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12 Construction Lines

19 On the Format panel on the Sketch tab, ensure that none of the sketchtools are selected.

20 On the Draw panel on the Sketch tab, click the Three pointrectangle tool and sketch a rectangle as shown in Figure 13.

21 On the Constrain panel on the Sketch tab, click the Coincident constraint tool andselect the midpoint of the left-bottom edge of the rectangle and then select the angledconstruction line.

Figure 13 Three point rectangle

Figure 14 Coincident and Construction Line Figure 15 Drag to Resize (Make Narrower)

Construction Lines

The rectangle is now constrained to the construction geometry and moves with theconstruction line to any new angle specified.



22 On the Constrain panel on the Sketch tab, click the Dimension tool and select thetwo Construction lines to create an angular dimension of 45° as shown in Figure 16.

Figure 16 Angular Dimension

Click the Dimension tool again and add the 5 dimensions circled in Figure 17.

Figure 17 Additional Dimensions



24 Click the Automatic Dimensions tool to display the dialog box which indicates that 5more dimensions are required to fully constrain the sketch.

Figure 18 Auto Dimension

25 Click the Apply button to add the required dimensions, then click the Done button toclose the dialog box.

26 The sketch geometry is now fully constrained.

27 The 5 dimensions that have been created, need to be re-positioned for clarity and edited.

Drag the additional dimensions to a more appropriate position and then edit to thoseshown in Figure 19.

Figure 19 Auto Dimension (Re-positioned and Edited)

Not necessarybut can be left in

28 Right-click in the Graphics Window and select FinishSketch.

29 Right-click in the Graphics Window again and select HomeView (or press [F6]). Figure 20 Home View



30 On the Create panel on the Model tab, click the Extrude tool to display the Extrudedialog box.

With the Profile button on, select the area to be extruded and with the other settingsas per Figure 22, click OK.

Figure 21 Home View

Figure 22 Extrude

Note: Extrusion1 and Sketch1 have now appeared in the Model panel browser.

31 The completed part file is shown overpage.

Do not save the file.

End of Dimensioning Exercise.



Figure 23 Competed Part File



4.5 Change the Properties of Sketch Features to CreateConstruction and Centre Lines

Creating 2D Geometry and Dimension Types

There are four buttons on the Format panel on the Sketch tab that can beused to change the types of geometry and dimensions. They not only allowgeometry and dimension types to be changed, but also indicate the currentstatus of the selected geometry or drawing mode.

When one of the tools is selected, that specific mode is activated. Theselected mode remains active until the tool (button) is clicked again.

ConstructionWhen this tool is selected, all the following 2D geometry drawn will be construction geometry.To change existing geometry to construction, select the geometry, then click theConstruction button.

CenterlineWhen this tool is selected, all the following 2D geometry drawn will be centerline geometry.To change existing geometry to centerline, select the geometry, then click the Centerlinebutton.

Hole CenterWhen this tool is selected, existing endpoints or vertices may be converted to Hole Centers.

Driven DimensionWhen this tool is selected, all the following dimensions drawn will be driven dimensions. Tochange existing dimensions to driven dimensions, select the dimension, then click the DrivenDimension button.

All 2D dimensions can be termed to be one of the following:

• Normal (parametric): Dimension drives the size of the geometry.

• Driven (non-parametric): Dimension is driven by the size of the geometry.

Controlling Constraint Inference and PersistenceSetup in the Constraint Options dialog boxallowing you to choose which constraintsare inferred and to select the geometry towhich they are inferred. Right-clicking onthe Graphics Window and selectingConstraint Options will display the dialogbox in which All Geometry may be chosenor specific geometry selected as thereference geometry to which the constraintsare inferred.

Constraint Persistence is automaticallydisabled if inference is turned off, butinference can be enabled with persistenceoff. If the Constraint Inference button isdisabled, constraints cannot be selected inthe Constraint Options dialog box.



Exercise - 2D Sketch Tools

In this exercise, Construction, Centerline, Hole Center, and Dimension attributes will beapplied to sketch geometry.

1 Create a new part file.

2 On the Draw panel on the Sketch tab,click the Line tool and sketch a seriesof lines similar to those shown on theright (Figure 01).

3 Window-select the sketched lineson the left and click theConstruction tool, then select thesketched lines on the right andclick the Centerline tool.

Figure 01 Sketched Lines

Figure 02 Construction and Centerlines

4 Both tools can be toggled on and off. With the Line toolenabled, ensure the Centerline tool is off and click theConstruction tool and sketch a series of lines. Note that youare now sketching in Construction mode.

5 With the Line tool enabled, ensure the Construction tool isoff and click the Centerline tool and sketch a series of lines.Note that you are now sketching in Centerline mode.

6 Ensure the Centerline tool is off and on the Draw panel onthe Sketch tab, click the Point tool and place two sketch pointson the Graphics Window.

7 Window-select the two Points and click the Center Pointtool on the Format panel on the Sketch tab. The Points arenow converted to Center Points (and vice versa).

Figure 03Construction Mode and

Centerline Mode

Figure 05 Center PointsFigure 04 Sketch Points

Note: Center Points are used automatically as hole locations.



8 Crossing-select all the sketched lines and click the Center Point tool.

All selected vertices are changed to Center Points.

Figure 06 Crossing Select Figure 07 Center Points

9 Add two dimensions to a couple of the lines.

On the Format panel on the Sketch tab, click the Driven Dimension tool to change the dimensions from driving geometric change to driven by geometric change.

Figure 08 Add Two Dimensions Figure 09 Create Two Driven Dimensions

10 When completed, delete all sketched geometry.

11 Sketch a simple closed shape andExtrude it to create a 3D solid similarto that shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10 Extruded Sketch



12 Create a sketch on the front face with mixed attributes (Normal, Construction andCenterline). On the Exit panel of the Sketch tab, click Finish Sketch toexit sketch mode.

Figure 11 Extruded Sketch

13 On the Sketch panel of the Model tab, click the Create 2DSketch tool, then click and drag on the front face of the part tocreate another sketch on a work plane that is offset from the front face of the solid. Theamount of offset is not important.

14 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the ProjectGeometry tool and select the Normal, Construction, andCenterline (unfortunately these are projected in yellow making them difficult to see).

Figure 12 Project Geometry

The projected entities preserve the parent sketch attributes, but the sketch attributesare not associative.

Line (Normal)

Construction Line

Centerline



15 On the 2D Sketch Panel, click Project Geometry againand project the part face outline on to the current work plane.

Note: Projected geometry shown in blue forclarity only.

Figure 14 New Work Plane

Figure 13 Project Geometry (Outline)

Note: Projected geometryshown in blue and Redfor clarity only.

16 Click the Finish Sketch toolto exit Sketch mode.

17 As before, create another work plane atapproximately the same offset distance from the existing work plane.

18 Click the Project Geometry tool and project the geometry as before.



4.6 Create Sketches onto the Standard Planes within the ParametricModelling Package

The Sketch Tool

The Create 2D Sketch tool is used to create new sketches or to activate existing sketches.When the Create 2D Sketch tool is selected on the Sketch panel on the Model tab, itprompts for 'Select plane to create sketch or an existing sketch to edit'. Planes and existingsketches can be selected in the Graphics Window or in the Model panel browser.

Examples:

Activate an Existing Sketch

Figure 01 Existing Sketch

Figure 02 Existing Sketch Activated for Editing

Creating a Sketch Plane on a Part Face

Figure 03 New Sketch Face

Figure 04 New Sketch Plane



Exercise - Working with Sketch Planes

In this exercise, several sketched features will be created based upon different sketch planes.

1 Expand the folder called Section 4-6 and Open the file called Link1.ipt, thenimmediately Save As... under the filename of Link-Ex1 to preserve the original file forother users (overwrite if necessary).

Figure 01 Link1.ipt

2 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button and in theModel panel browser, select Sketch1 by double-clicking toactivate or right-click and select Edit Sketch

3 Using standard sketching tools, modify and/or add thegeometry to Sketch1 as shown below.

4 Click Finish Sketch to exit Sketch mode.

Figure 02 Sketch1

Figure 03 Modified Sketch1



5 Right-click in the Graphics Window and from the pop-up shortcut menu, clickHome View or press [F6].

6 Click the Extrude tool and select the area to extrude. In the Distance field enter 50 andselect the direction icon as shown, then click OK.

Figure 04 Extrude

7 On the Quick Launch Toolbar, display the ColourOverride drop-down list and select Orange (Medium) to change the colour of the part.

Figure 05 Extruded Part - Orange (Medium)

Note: Typing "O" will automatically jump to the start ofthe colours beginning with the letter "O".



8 On the Sketch panel of the Model tab, click the Create 2DSketch tool, then select the lower-right face of the part.

9 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button and select the same face.

10 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click the Center PointCircle tool and sketch a circle on the end face as shown below.

11 Click the Dimension tool and dimension the size and location of the circle as shownbelow.

Figure 06 Sketch - Circle

12 Right-click in the Graphics Window and from the pop-up shortcut menu, clickHome View or press [F6].

13 Click Finish Sketch to exit Sketch mode.

14 On the Create panel of the Model tab, click the Extrude tool and selectthe area to extrude. In the Distance field enter 25 and select thedirection icon as shown, then click OK.

Figure 07 Extrude



15 On the ViewCube, click the top right-hand corner 'hot-spot' of the cube to create theisometric view shown below.

Figure 08 New Isometric View

16 On the Create panel on the Model tab, click the Create 2DSketch tool, then select the face on the part shown above.

17 Right-click in the Graphics Window and on the pop-up shortcut menu, click SliceGraphics or press [F7].

18 On the ViewCube,click the right-hand 'hot-spot' (TOP face) of the cube to create the topview shown below.


19 On the Draw panel on the Sketch tab, click the Line tool and sketch a slot on the faceas shown in Figure 12.

20 On the Constrain panel, click the necessary Constraints / Dimension tools tostabilise the entities as shown in Figure 10.

Note: A tangent constraint may need adding between the last arc of the slot and thebeginning of the line to stabilise the slot shape. Also, an horizontal constraintbetween one of the arc centres and a vertical edge midpoint will centralise theslot.

Select this Face



Figure 10 Sketched and Constrained Slot

Figure 11 Extrude (Cut)

21 On the ViewCube,click the top left-hand corner 'hot-spot' to createthe isometric view shown below.

22 Click Finish Sketch to exit from Sketch mode.

23 On the Create panel of the Model tab, click the Extrude tool and selectthe area to extrude. Select the Cut feature, and under Extents select Allfrom the drop-down list, then select the direction icon as shown below,then click OK.



24 On the Sketch panel of the Model tab, click on the Create 2DSketch tool, then select the face of the part shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12 New Isometric View

Select this Face


27 Click the Line tool and sketch entities on the face as shown in Figure 14.

28 Click the necessary Constraints / Dimension tools to stabilise the entities as shown inFigure 14.

Figure 14 Sketched Entities

25 Right-click in the Graphics Window and from the pop-up shortcut menu, click SliceGraphics or press [F7].

26 On the ViewCube,click the right-hand 'hot-spot' (TOP face) of thecube to create the top view shown below.



29 On the ViewCube,click the top left-hand corner 'hot-spot' to createan isometric view.

30 Click Finish Sketch to exit from Sketch mode.

31 On the Create panel of the Model tab, click the Extrude tool and selectthe area to extrude. Select the Cut feature, and under Extents select Allfrom thr drop-down list, then select the direction icon as shown below,then click OK.

Figure 16 Completed Exercise

32 Using ViewCube, try setting up the isometric view shown in Figure 16 .

33 Try adding a 25 mm fillet radius to the left-hand endas shown below.

34 Close the file without saving.

End of Sketch Planes Exercise.

Figure 15 Extrude



Exercise - Link2

SELF ASSESSMENT

Create the part file Link2 as shown in Figure 02 from the information given in the first angleprojection drawing shown in Figure 01.

Figure 01

Figure 02



Exercise - Support Bracket1

SELF ASSESSMENT

Create the part file Support Bracket1 as shown in Figure 02 from the information given in thefirst angle projection drawing shown in Figure 01.

Figure 01

Figure 02



Exercise - Support Bracket2

SELF ASSESSMENT

Create the part file Support Bracket2 as shown in Figure 02 from the information given in thefirst angle projection drawing shown in Figure 01.

Figure 01

Figure 02



Use the Range of Commandsto Produce Extruded andRevolved Features


Outcome References:5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8

5



Use the Range of Commands to Produce Extruded andRevolved Features

5.1 Create an Extruded Feature from a Sketch

The Extrude Tool

The Extrude tool is used to create extruded features from existing sketch profiles. If thesketch contains a single closed profile, that profile is selected automatically when the Extrudetool is selected. If the sketch contains more than one profile, it is necessary to select theprofiles to be included in the extruded feature.

When the Extrude tool is selected, the following dialog box is displayed.

Figure 01 Extrude

Profile Click the Profile button to select geometry to include in the extrusion.

Output Specify the desired output option: Solid or Surface.

Solid Surface

Direction Select the direction button or click and drag the preview of the extrusion in thedesired direction.

Join This option joins the result of the extruded feature being created to existingpart geometry. Using this option results in material being added to theexisting part. Note the green preview indicating material is being added.

Cut This option cuts the result of the extruded feature being created from theexisting part. Using this option results in material being removed from theexisting part. Note the pink preview indicating material is being subtracted.

Intersect This option removes material from the existing part by comparing the volumeof the existing features and the feature being created and leaving only thevolume shared between the existing features and the new feature.

New Solid Creates a new solid body and is the default selection if the extrude is the firstsolid feature in the part file. Select to create a new body in a part file withexisting solid bodies.



Terminations

Termination options for the feature can be specified in the Extrude dialog box. Specifyingtermination options allows for control on where the feature starts and ends.

Distance This option extrudes the profile according to thedistance specified.

To Next This option extrudes the profile to the next possibleface or plane. Use the Terminator button to selecta solid or surface on which to terminate the extrusion.

Figure 02 Distance

Figure 03 To Next

To This option extrudes the profile to terminate on theselected face or plane.

Figure 04 To

Figure 05 From To

Figure 06 All

From To This option extrudes the profile by starting theextrusion at the face or plane selected in the Fromoption and ending the extrusion at the second face

or plane selected.All This option extrudes the profile all the way through

the part.



Feature Editing

After an extruded feature has been created, it can be edited at any time.

On the Model panel browser, right-clicking on a feature (eg Extrusion1) will display a pop-upshortcut menu, with some of the available options detailed below:

3D Grips Select this option to resize the feature by pushing or pulling its grips.

Move Feature Select this option to drag the extruded feature to a new location.

Show Dimensions Select this option to show all the sketch dimensions.

Edit Sketch Select this option to activate the sketch for editing.

Edit Feature Select this option to open the Extrude dialog box for modification.

Figure 07 Feature Editing



Exercise - Extruded Features

In this exercise, several extruded features will be created from sketch geometry.

1 On the Quick Launch Toolbar, click the down-arrow on the Newbutton and select Part.

2 On the Draw panel of the Sketch tab, click theCenter Point Circle tool and pick the projectedCenter Point at the intersection of the bold horizontal and verticalgraph lines on the Graphics Window.

Draw a circle of approximately 15 mm radius.

3 Click the Dimension tool and select the circle, then move the mouse away to positionthe dimension.

Enter 30 in the Edit Dimension dialog box as the correct value required.

4 Using various sketch tools from the Draw and Constrain panels, produce the sketchshown in Figure 01 and ensure its fully constrained.

Figure 01 Consumed Sketch



5 Right-click on the Graphics Window and from the pop-up shortcut menu, click Done(or press [Esc].

6 Right-click on the Graphics Window and from the pop-up shortcut menu, click FinishSketch.

7 Press [F6] to rotate to the isometric Home View.

8 On the Create panel of the Model tab, click Extrude to display the Extrude dialogbox.

Select the area to extrude and complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 02, thenclick the OK button.

Figure 03 Extruded Feature

Figure 02 Extrude



5.2 Select a Suitable Face on a Solid Model to act as a Sketchingplane for the creation of a New Feature

5.3 Modify an Existing Solid Model by using the Extruded CutFeature

Figure 04 New Sketch Plane Figure 05 View Face

11 On the Draw panel, click the Project Geometry tool andselect the five edges (A through E) as shown in Figure 06.

12 On the Draw panel, click the Line tool and sketch the line segments for the profile asshown in Figure 07.

A

B C D

E

Figure 06 Project Geometry Figure 07 Sketched Line Segments

13 On the Constrain panel, click the Colinear constraint tool and select the two linesmarked (F) and (G) in Figure 08.

14 On the Constrain panel, click the Vertical constraint tool and select the midpoint of line(H) and the midpoint of the top edge (J) shown in Figure 09.

Exercise - Extruded Features (Continued)

9 Right-click on the face at the left-hand end of the part and on the pop-up shortcut menu,click New Sketch.

10 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button and select the same end-face onthe part.



Figure 08 Colinear Constraint Figure 09 Vertical Constraint

F G

15 On the Constrain panel, click the Dimension tool and place the three dimensionsshown in Figure 10. Then right-click in the Graphics Window and from the pop-upshortcut menu, click Done (or press [Esc])

Figure 10 General Dimension


17 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch tool to exit Sketch mode.

18 On the Create panel of the Model tab, click the Extrude tool and select the area toextrude. Complete the Extrude dialog box as shown in Figure 11 and click OK.

Figure 11 Extrude - Cut

H

J



21 Right-click on the top face of the part, and on the pop-up shortcut menu, click NewSketch.

22 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button and select the same end-face onthe part.

23 On the 2D Sketch Panel, click on the Center Point Circle tooland sketch a concentric circle 10 mm diameter based on thecentre of the top arc.


Figure 12 Extruded Cut Feature

Figure 13 Sketch


26 On the Model panel, click the Extrude tool and select the area to extrude.Setup the Extrude dialog box as shown in Figure 14 and click the OK button.




27 On the Quick Access Toolbar, display the ColourOverride drop-down list and select Aluminium (Polished) to change the colour of thepart.


28 Save the part as YOUR INITIALS-SLIDE in the Section 5-3 folder.

End of Extruded Features Exercise.



5.4 Create a Revolved Feature from a Sketch

The Revolve Tool

Revolved features are created by revolving a profile about an axis.

When the Revolve tool is selected, the following dialog box is displayed.

Figure 01 Revolve

Profile Click the Profile button to select geometry to include in the revolved feature. A redarrow indicates that no profiles have been selected for the revolved feature.

Axis Click the Axis button to select the line segment to use as the axis for the revolvefeature.

Note: If the sketch contains a centerline, it is selected automatically as theaxis.

Output Specify the desired output option: Solid or Surface.

Solid

Surface

Extents Select the desired option fromthe drop-down list.

Angle This option enables an angleto be specified and thedirection of revolution.

Full This option revolves theprofile 360°.

Direction Select the directionbutton or click and drag the preview ofthe revolve in the desired direction. Onlyavailable if the Extents option is set toAngle.

Figure 02 Revolve - Angle



Join, Cut and Intersect

Join This option joins the result of the revolved feature being created to existing partgeometry. This option results in material being added to the existing part. Note thegreen preview indicating material is being added.

Cut This option cuts the result of the revolved feature being created from the existing part.This option results in material being removed from the existing part. Note the red/pinkpreview indicating material is being removed.

Intersect This option removes material from the existing part by comparing the volume of the existing features and the feature being created and leaving only the volume shared between the existing featues and the new feature. Note the blue preview indicating an intersect relationship.

New Solid Creates a new solid body and is the default selection if the revolve is the first solid feature in the part file. Select to create a new body in a part file with one or more

solid bodies.

Feature Editing

After a revolved feature has been created, it can be edited at any time.

On the Model panel browser, right-clicking on a feature (eg Revolution1) will display the pop-up shortcut menu, with the following options available:

Edit Sketch Select this option to activatethe sketch for editing.

Edit Feature Select this option to openthe Revolve dialog box formodification.

Figure 03 Feature Editing



Exercise - Revolved Features 1

In this exercise, a revolved feature will be created from sketch geometry.

1 Expand the folder called Section 5-4 and Open the file called Revolve-Exercise1.ipt,then immediately Save As... under the filename of Revolve-Ex1 to preserve the originalfile for other users (overwrite if necessary).

Figure 01 Sketch - Revolve-Ex1.ipt

2 On the Create panel, click Revolve to display the Revolve dialog box.

Note: The profile and the axis (centerline) are automatically selected. Note also thegreen revolved profile.

Complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 02, then click the OK button.

Figure 02 Revolve - Full



3 On the Quick Access Toolbar, display the ColourOverride drop-down list and select Nickel (Bright) to change the colour of the part.


4 Do not save the part.

End of Revolved Features 1 Exercise.



5.5 Modify an Existing Solid Model by using the Revolved CutFeature

Exercise - Revolved Features 2

In this exercise, revolved cut features will be created from sketch geometry.

1 Expand the folder called Section 5-5 and Open the file called Revolve-Exercise2.ipt,then immediately Save As... under the filename of Revolve-Ex2 to preserve the originalfile for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Sketch panel, click the Create 2D Sketch tool.

3 On the Model panel browser, expand the Origin folder and select the XZ Plane.

Figure 01 XZ Plane

Figure 02 Revolve-Ex2.ipt - XZ Plane

4 Press [F7] to Slice Graphics.

5 On the Draw panel, click the Project Cut Edges tool on theProject Geometry flyout. Reference geometry is createdbased on the location of the current sketch as it passes through the part.

6 On the Draw panel, click the ProjectGeometry tool and in the Model panelbrowser, select the Z Axis. This projects the origin Z axis ontothe current sketch.

Figure 03 Z Axis

Figure 04 Slice Graphics - Z Axis



7 On the ViewCube,click the left-hand 'hot-spot' (BOTTOM face) of thecube to create the view shown in Figure 05.

8 On the Draw panel, click the Line tool and sketch the shapeshown in Figure 05.



11 On the Create panel, click Revolve to open the Revolve dialog box.

Complete the dialog box as shown in below, then click the OK button.

Figure 05 Sketch

Figure 06 Revolve - Cut



12 On the Quick Access Toolbar, display the ColourOverride drop-down list and select Mirror to change the colour of the part.

13 On the Model panel browser, right-clickon Revolution1 and on the pop-upshortcut menu, select Edit Feature todisplay the Revolve : Revolution1dialog box for editing.

Figure 07 Revolved Cut Feature

Figure 8 Edit Feature



14 In the dialog box, edit the Extents from Full to Angle with a value of 270°, then clickthe OK button.

Figure 9 Revolve - Edit


Do not save the part.

End of Revolved Features 2 Exercise.



Figure 01 XY Plane

Figure 02 U-Block - XY Plane

3 On the Work Features panel, select the Plane tool, and on the U-Block, click anddrag the corner of the XY-Plane until the Offset dialog box appears and enter 50 mmfor the actual value. Click the green arrow to accept (or press [Enter] on thekeyboard).

Figure 03 Work Plane - Offset

This will create a Work Plane midway downthe extruded length of the U-Block and canbe used for adding further sketched features.

5.6 Create Features that are Constrained in Different Waysincluding: Mid Plane, by Distance or Angle, To, and To Next

Exercise - Terminations

In this exercise, terminations will be used to create features from sketched geometry. Seealso, Section 03-4.

1 Expand the folder called Section 5-6 and Open the file called U-Block Exercise.ipt,then immediately Save As... under the filename of U-Block to preserve the originalfile for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Model panel browser, expand the Origin folder byclicking on the button and then click the XY Plane.



4 On the Sketch panel, click the Create 2D Sketch button andselect the new Work Plane.


6 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button and select the Work Plane.

7 On the 2D Sketch Panel, click the Project Geometry tooland select the three inner edges of the U-Block (these willturn yellow when selected).

8 On the Draw panel, click the Three Point Arc tool andsketch anarc between the inner two vertical lines as shown in Figure 05.

Figure 04 Project Geometry Figure 05 Sketch - Arc

9 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch tool to exit from Sketch mode.

10 On the ViewCube,click the Home icon to create the isometricHome View shown below.

11 On the Create panel, click the Extrude tool to display theExtrude dialog box.

Select the web profile, and complete the dialog box as shown inFigure 06, then click the OK button.

Figure 06 Extrude - Mid Plane and Distance



12 On the Sketch panel, click the Create 2D Sketch tool andselect the same Work Plane.


14 On the ViewCube,click the FRONT face 'hot-spot'.

15 On the Draw panel, click the ProjectGeometry tool and select the left verticaledge and the bottom horizontal line of the U-Block.

16 On the Draw panel, click the Two Point Rectangle tool andproduce the sketch shown in Figure 07.

Ensure the bottom edges of the rectangle and U-Block are Colinear constrained.

Figure 07 Sketch

17 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch tool to exit from Sketch mode.

18 Press [F4] (keep your finger on the key), then click and drag the mouse to create an isometric view similar to that shown below.




19 On the Create panel, click the Extrude tool to display the Extrude dialog box.

Select the rectangle profile, complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 09, then clickthe OK button.

Figure 09 Extrude - Mid Plane and Distance

Figure 10 Isometric Views



20 On the Model panel browser, right-click onWork Plane1 and from the pop-up shortcutmenu, select Visibility to hide the WorkPlane.

21 If necessary, setup a view similar to thatshown in Figure 12 and on the NavigationBar, click the View Face button and selectthe front vertical face on the U-Block to create a view likethat shown in Figure 13.

Figure 11 Visibility

Figure 13 View Face

22 On the Sketch panel, click the Create 2D Sketch tool andselect the front face to create a sketch plane.

23 On the Draw panel, click on the Center Point Circle tool andcreate a fully constrained circle as shown in Figure14.

Figure 12 Rotate

Select face





25 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch tool to exit Sketchmode.

26 On the Create panel, click the Extrude tool to display the Extrude dialogbox.

Select the circle profile and complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 15,then click the Select surface to end the feature creation button andselect the back face and then click OK.

Figure 16 Extrude - To

Note: The "To" option penetratesthrough any and all featuresuntil it reaches its specifieddestination, in this case theback wall.

Figure 15 Extrude - To



27 On the Sketch panel, click the Create 2D Sketch tool andselect the same front face to create a sketch plane.

28 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button and select the same front face.

29 On the Draw panel, click theCenter Point Circle tool andcreate a fully constrained circleas shown in Figure 17.

30 On the ViewCube,click the topright-hand corner 'hot-spot' to createthe isometric view shown below.

31 On the Exit panel, click the FinishSketch tool to exit Sketch mode.

32 On the Create panel, click theExtrude tool to display the Extrudedialog box.

Select the circle profile and complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 18, and thenclick OK.


Figure 18 Extrude - To Next



Note: The "To Next" optionterminates at the first face orplane it finds, in this case theother wall of the U-Block.

Figure 19 Extrude - To Next

33 On the Sketch panel, click the Create 2D Sketch tool andselect the same front face to create a sketch plane.

34 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button and select the same front face.

35 On the Draw panel, click on Center PointCircle and select the midpoint of the tophorizontal line on the front face as shownin Figure 20.

36 On the ViewCube,click the top right-handcorner 'hot-spot' to create the isometric viewshown in Figure 21.

37 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketchtool to exit Sketch mode.

38 On the Create panel, click the Extrude tool to display the Extrude dialog box asshown in Figure 21 and click the circle profile.

Select From To from the Extents drop-down list, then select the nearest vertical faceon the back wall of the U-Block as the surface to start the feature creation.

Select the vertical front face on the back wall as the surface to end the featurecreation.

With the dialog box looking as shown in Figure 21, click OK.





Figure 22 Extrude - From To


End of Terminations Exercise.

Note: The "From To" option allowsfor the profile to be on onesketch face, whilst theextrusion is from a differentsketch face to terminate at yetanother different sketch face.



5.7 Edit and Modify Existing Features and Sketches by Changingtheir Definitions

Model Panel Browser - Part Modelling

When using the Browser Bar in the PartModelling Environment, it displays theOrigin folder containing the default X, Y, and ZPlanes, Axes, and Center Point. It also listsall the features used in creating the part.Features are listed in the order in which theywere created.

Hovering the mouse pointer over a feature in theBrowser Bar will automatically highlight thatfeature on the part in red.

Clicking on a feature in the Browser Bar willhighlight that feature on the part in blue.

To edit an existing sketch or to modify anexisting feature, right-click the required item todisplay a pop-up context menu from which thedesired tool may be selected.

Figure 01 Browser Bar

Figure 02 Context Menu

Figure 03 Circular Pattern1 Highlighted



Exercise - Shaft Flange

In this exercise, sketches and features will be edited and modified by changing theirdefinitions.

1 Expand the folder called Section 5-7 and Open the file called Shaft Flange Exercise.ipt,then immediately Save As... under the filename of Shaft Flange Ex to preserve theoriginal file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

Figure 01 Shaft Flange Ex.ipt

2 On the Model panel browser, expandExtrusion2, then right-click on Sketch2and from the pop-up context menu,select Edit Sketch.

3 Double-click the 112.5 mm dimension todisplay the Edit Dimension : d10 dialogbox and enter a new value of 110 mm.

Figure 02 Extrusion2 - Edit Sketch

Figure 03 Edit Sketch - Edit Dimension

4 Right-click on the Graphics Window and select FinishSketch to complete the edit.

5 On the Model panel browser, right-click on Extrusion2and from the pop-up context menu, select Edit Feature.

6 In the Extrude : Extrusion2 dialog box, change the 42mm distance to 50 mm and click OK.




7 On the Model panel browser, expandExtrusion4, then right-click onSketch4 and from the pop-upcontext menu, select Edit Sketch.

8 On the Navigation Bar, click on the ViewFace button and click the top face of theboss.

9 Zoom in on the keyway and double-click on the dimensions to edit asshown in Figures 07 and 08.

Figure 05 Extrude : Extrusion2

Figure 06 Sketch4 - Edit Sketch

Figure 07 Edit Dimension - Before

Figure 08 Edit Dimension - After



10 Enter the dimension shown in Figure 09 (36 mm) and add aVertical constraint between the midpoint of the top horizontalline on the rectangle and the the centre of the bore on the boss.

11 Right-click on the Graphics Window and on the pop-up shortcutmenu, click Done.

12 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch tool to exit Sketchmode.

Figure 09Edit Sketch - Keyway


Figure 10 Edited Keyway



End of Shaft Flange Exercise.



5.8 Create Simple Ribs and Webs from Open and Closed Profiles

The Rib Tool

The Rib tool, accessed from the Create panel on the Model tab, is used to create Ribs(closed, thin walled support shapes) and Webs (open, thin-walled support shapes) using anopen profile.

When creating ribs, the profile is projected to the next face and for webs, the profile isprojected a specific distance to define its depth.

Figure 01 Rib

ShapeSpecifies the profile geometry, sets the direction, and if the profile exyends to a face,Profile In a single sketch, selects an open profile to define the shape of a rib or web.

Direction Controls the direction of the rib or web. Hover the cursor over the profile tospecify whether the rib extends or perpendicular to the sketch geometry.

Extend Profile By default, the profile extends to intersect a face, if required. Clear the check-box to prevent the profile from extending.

ThicknessSpecifies the width of the rib or web.Flip Applies the thickness on either side of the profile or extends equally on both

sides of the profile.

ExtentsSpecifies the termination for the rib or web.To Next Terminates the rib or web on the next face.

Finite Sets a specific distance for the rib or web termination. Enter value.



Exercise - Ribbed Bracket

In this exercise, a rib will be created on an existing bracket.

1 Expand the folder called Section 5-8 and Open the file calledRibbed Bracket Exercise.ipt, then immediately Save As...under the filename of Ribbed Bracket Ex to preserve theoriginal file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Sketch panel, click theCreate 2D Sketch button, then onthe Model panel browser, expand the Origin folder andselect the YZ Plane to create a sketch plane.


4 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button, then on the Model panel browser,select the YZ Plane to create a view on the sketch plane.

Figure 01Ribbed Bracket Ex.ipt

Figure 02 Sketch Plane Figure 03 Slice Graphics Figure 04 Look At

5 On the Draw panel, click the Project Geometry tool andselect the edges indicated on Figure 05.

6 On the Draw panel, click the Line tool and sketch the single line profile shown in Figure 05.

ProjectGeometry

ProjectGeometry

ProjectGeometry

Profile Line

Note 1: It is essential when creating a rib that matesto a curved surface, that this edge is projected.If the edge is not projected, the resulting ribwill have gaps between the rib edges and theboss as shown in Figure 06.

Note 2: If difficulties occur, try using the Project CutEdges tool instead of selecting the edges withthe Project Geometry tool.

Gaps

Figure 06 Gaps between Rib and Boss

Figure 05 Project Geometry and Line



Figure 07 Rib Tool

Figure 08 Complete Rib

7 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch button to exit sketch mode.

8 Press [F6] to create an Isometric View.

9 On the Create panel, click the Rib tool to display the Rib dialog box and select theprofile line. Click the Direction button and indicate the direction required, then underThickness, enter 5 mm in the text box as per Figure 07. If all is well, click OK.


End of Ribbed Bracket exercise.



Exercise - L-Bracket

In this exercise, a rib and a web will be created on an existing bracket.

1 Expand the folder called Section 5-8 and Open the file calledL-Bracket Exercise.ipt, then immediately Save As... underthe filename of L-Bracket Ex to preserve the original file forother users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Sketch panel, click theCreate 2D Sketch button and selectthe edge of the existing work plane.


4 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button andselect the edge of the existing work plane.

Figure 01 L-Bracket Ex.ipt

Figure 02 Slice Graphics Figure 03 Look At

5 On the Draw panel, click the Project Geometry tool andselect the inside vertical and horizontal lines (they should turn yellow as confirmation).

6 On the Draw panel, click the Three Point Arc tool and select themidpoint of the inside vertical line, then the midpoint of the insidehorizontal line and then place the cursor to create an arc similar to that shown in Figure 04.

7 On the Constrain panel, click the Dimension tool and select the arc, resizing it to 40mm, then use the Fix constraint on each end of the arc.

Figure 04 Arc



8 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch button to exit from Sketch mode.

9 Press [F6] to return to the isometric Home View.

Rib Creation

10 On the Create panel, click on the Rib tool to display the Rib dialog box.

Select the arc profile, then complete the dialog box as shown below and click OK.

11 On the Model panel browser, right-click on WorkPlane2 and from the pop-up context menu, clickVisibility to hide the work plane.

Figure 05 Rib Tool

Figure 07 Completed RibFigure 06 Visibility - Off

12 Save the part file asYOUR-INITIALS L-BRACKET1.iptin the Sections 5-8 folder.



Web Creation

13 On the Model panel browser, right-click on Rib2 and from the pop-up shortcut menu,click Edit Feature to display the Rib : Rib2 dialog box.

Complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 08 and click OK.


Figure 09 Completed Web



14 Save the part file as YOUR-INITIALS L-BRACKET2.ipt in the Sections 5-8 folder.

Figure 10Completed Rib - MAW L-BRACKET1

Figure 11Completed Web - MAW L-BRACKET2

This completes the L-Bracket exercise.





6

Use Placed Features toModify Parametric Models



Use Placed Features to Modify Parametric Models

6.1 Use the Fillet Feature to Modify a Solid Model

The Fillet Tool

The Fillet tool is used to create fillets and rounds on existing parametric geometry. Constantradius and variable radius fillets can be created.

Figure 01 Fillet Tool - Constant Tab

Constant Radius Tab

Edge Sets An edge set is made up of selected edges and a radius value.

Edges Displays the number of edges selected for this edge set. The small arrow iconindicates that selection mode is activated.

Radius Specifies the value for the radius of the fillet for each edge set and althougheach edge set can have a different radius value, they are all treated as one filletfeature.

Selected edges can be removed from an edge set by holding down the [Ctrl] or[Shift] key and selecting the edges to be removed.

Click to Add Select this area of the dialog box to create a new edge set.

Select mode Options for edge selection.

Edge Allows the selection or removal of individual edges to fillet.

Loop Allows the selection or removal of edges of a closed loop on a face.

Feature Allows the selection or removal of all edges of a feature at once.

Figure 02 All Rounds



Variable Radius Tab

Edges Select an edge to place a variable radius fillet, with only one edge allowed perselection.

Point Lists the Start point and End point of the selected edge. Selecting additionalpoints along the edge allows for more control over the variable radius.

Radius The radius value allocated to a selected point.

Position The position specified along the selected edge for the selected point. Thevalue represents the percentage from the Start point.

Smooth radius transition This option is selected to gradually blend the radius betweenpoints. Unchecked, this option will create fillets with a lineartransition between points.

Figure 03 Fillet Tool - Variable Tab

Figure 05 Smooth Radius Transition ON Figure 06 Smooth Radius Transition OFF

Figure 04 Point Added

Added Point 1

All Fillets This option is used to select all concave edges and corners automatically.Individual edges cannot be removed from the All Fillets edge set.

All Rounds This option is used to select all convex edges and corners. Individual edgescannot be removed from the All Rounds edge set.



Figure 07 Fillet Tool - Setbacks Tab

Setbacks Tab

Vertex Select the vertex of three selected edges.

Edge & Setback Select each edge and specify a setback value for the edge. The valuerepresents a distance along the selected edge from the vertex.

Figure 08 Setbacks

Figure 09 Without Setbacks Figure 10 With Setbacks

Expanded Area - Further Options

Roll along sharp edgesSets the solution method for the fillet when conditions would cause adjacent edges to beextended in order to maintain the radius. If checked, the fillet radius varies when necessary topreserve the adjacent faces. If unchecked, the fillet radius remains constant and adjacentfaces are extended as required to maintain the radius.

Figure 11 Fillet Dialog Box - Further Options



Rolling ball where possibleSets the corner style for the fillets.

Figure 12 - OFF Figure 13 - ON


Automatic Edge ChainWhen checked, all edges tangent to the selected edge are selected automatically.

Preserve All FeaturesWhen checked, features that intersect the fillet feature are checked out and their intersectionsare calculated. If unchecked, features that intersect with the fillet are not calculated.




Exercise - Fillet Ex

In this exercise, fillet features will be created on an existing model.

1 Expand the folder called Section 6-1 and Open the file calledFillet Exercise.ipt, then immediately Save As... under thefilename of Fillet Ex to preserve the original file for otherusers (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Modify panel, click the Fillet tool (Constanttab) and create two Edge Sets. Select the geometry labeledEdge Set 1 and enter a 1 mm radius (see Figure 02).Select Click to add and create another Edge Set byselecting the geometry labeled Edge Set 2 and enter a10 mm radius. Click OK to create the feature.

Figure 01 Fillet Ex.ipt

Figure 03 Fillet - Edge Sets Completed

EdgeSet 2

EdgeSet 1

Figure 02 Fillet (Constant Tab) - Edge Sets



3 On the Modify panel, click the Fillet tool (Constant tab) and select the top edge at thestart of the sloping face as shown in Figure 04. Enter 50 mm for the Radius.

Figure 04 Fillet - Constant Tab

4 On the Modify panel, click the Fillet tool. Click the Variable tab and select theedge as shown in Figure 06. The Start and End points are set at the start and end of theselected edge.

Select the midpoints shown to define Points 1, 2 and 3. In the dialog box, select eachpoint and confirm the radius values for each point, then click OK.

Figure 05 Fillet - Constant Tab Completed

Selected Edge



Start PointRadius = 6 mm

End PointRadius = 6 mm

Point 3Radius = 4 mm



Figure 06 Fillet - Variable Tab

Figure 07 Fillet - Variable Tab Completed

5 On the ViewCube, click the top left-hand corner 'hot-spot' tochange the isometric view.

6 On the Modify panel, click the Fillet tool and select theConstant tab, then select the edge shown in Figure 08. Enter 4 mmfor the Radius.

SelectedEdge



Figure 08 Fillet - Constant Tab

Figure 09 Fillet - Constant Tab Completed


End of Fillet exercise.

SelectedEdge



6.2 Use the Chamfer Feature to Modify an Existing Solid Model

The Chamfer Tool

The Chamfer tool is used to create/add chamfer features on to existing parametric geometry.There are three different methods of creating chamfer features. Which ever method ischosen, the end result is the replacement of the selected edge(s) with a face(s) at an anglespecified either directly or otherwise, through the use of distances.

Single Distance Option

Edges Select the edge(s) to be chamfered.

Distance Enter a distance for the chamfer. The distance is applied to both sides of theselected edge, resulting in a 45° chamfer.

Distance/Angle Option

Figure 01 Single Distance Option

Edges Select the edge(s) to be chamfered. This option is disabled until a face isselected. The edge(s) selected must be adjacent to the selected face.

Face Select a face adjacent to the edge being chamfered. The angle is measuredfrom this face.

Distance Enter a distance for the chamfer. The distance is measured from theselected edge along the selected face.

Angle Enter an angle for the chamfer. The angle is measured from the selectedface.

Figure 02 Distance/Angle Option



Two Distances Option

Figure 03 Two Distances Option

Edge Select the edge to be chamfered. Only one edge can be chamfered at a time.

Flip Flip the sides of the selected edge for calculating Distance1 and Distance2.

Distance1 Enter the first distance of the chamfer. This distance is measured along one ofthe adjacent faces.

Distance2 Enter the second distance of the chamfer. This distance is measured alongthe opposite adjacent face.

Expanded Area - Further Options

Edge Chain These two options control how the edges are selected.

The edge selected and all tangentially connected edges.

Only the single edge selected.

Setback Only available when using the single distance method. When chamferingthree edges that meet at a corner, these options determine the result of thecorner.

Figure 04 Expanded Area - Further Options

Figure 05 Setback Figure 06 No Setback



Exercise - Chamfer Ex

In this exercise, Chamfer features will be created on an existing model.

1 Expand the folder called Section 6-2 and Open the filecalled Chamfer Exercise.ipt, then immediately SaveAs... under the filename of Chamfer Ex to preserve theoriginal file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Modify panel, click the Chamfer tool todisplay the Chamfer dialog box. Select the inside edgeof the hole and in the Distance box, enter 2 mm, then clickOK.

Figure 01 Chamfer Ex.ipt

Figure 02 Chamfer Distance Option - Hole

3 On the Modify panel, click the Chamfer tool (or press [Ctrl+Shift+K]) to display thedialog box. Select the inside edges of the slot and in the Distance box,enter 1 mm,then click OK.

Figure 03 Chamfer Distance Option - Slot



4 Call up the Chamfer tool again and click the Distance/Angle option. Select the sideface shown and then click the top edge of the face. In the Distance box, enter 1.5 mmand in the Angle box, enter 30 deg, then click OK.

Figure 04 Chamfer Distance/Angle Option - Face/Edge

Selected Edge

Selected Face

5 Call up the Chamfer tool and click the Distance/Angle option again. Select the sideface shown and then click the top edge of the face. In the Distance box, enter 1.5 mmand in the Angle box, enter 30 deg, then click OK.

Note: The edge selected includes the line, arc and opposite line.


Selected Edge

Selected Face




Selected Edge

Selected Face

6 On the ViewCube, click the top right-hand corner 'hot-spot' twice torotate to the isometric view shown below.

7 Call up the Chamfer tool and click the Distance/Angle option again.Select the side face shown and then click the top edge of the face. Inthe Distance box, enter 1.5 mm and in the Angle box, enter 30 deg,then click OK.

8 Call up the Chamfer tool again and click the Two Distances option. Select the edgeshown and in the Distance1 box enter 2.5 mm, and in the Distance2 box enter1.5 mm, then click OK.

Figure 07 Chamfer Two Distances Option - Boss

Selected Edge



9 Call up the Chamfer tool again and click the Distance option.Select all four bottomedges of the rectangular box and in the Distance box, enter 2 mm, then click OK.

Figure 08 Chamfer Distances Option - Rectangular Box

Figure 09 Chamfer Exercise Completed


End of Chamfer exercise.



6.3 Use the Hole Feature as a means of Defining Drilled Holeswithin a Solid Model

The Hole Tool

Holes are parametrically created features that are placed on an existing part. They haveseveral options such as counterbore, countersink, flat bottom, threads and fastenerclearances, etc.

Using the Hole tool provides for the creation of various hole types with various hole options ina single dialog box, including drill point and thread options.

Figure 01 Holes Tool

Placement Options Selected from the drop-down list.

From Sketch Used for creating holes based on locationson a sketch. Hole locations can be on aPoint or Hole Center, endpoint of a line orcurve, or centres of projected circulargeometry.

Centers Select the centre points for the holes. Usedto create a series of identical holes with onefeature.



Linear Select to position the hole relative to twoselected edges.

Face Select a face on the part to orient the hole.

Reference1 Select a part edge as the first reference.Place a dimension from the selected edgeto the centre of the hole. These dimensionscan be edited.

Reference2 Select a part edge as the second reference.Place a dimension from the selected edgeto the centre of the hole.

Flip Side Used to position the hole on the oppositeside of the selected edge.

Concentric Used to position the hole concentric toanother circular part edge.

Plane Select a part face to orient the hole.

Concentric Select a circular edge or face to locate theReference the hole concentrically.

On Point Select to locate the hole on a work point.

Point Select a work point to locate the hole.

Direction Select a plane, face, edge or work axis todefine the direction of the hole. If a plane isselected, the hole direction is normal to theface or plane.

Hole Options

Standard drilled hole.

Counterbored hole.

Countersink hole.

Note: Click the required radio button when making a selection.

Spotfaced hole.



Hole Parameters

Complete the hole parameters depending on thehole type selected.

Drill Point Select flat or angled drill point.If angled point is selected, enteran angle.

Termination Select the type of terminationrequired from the drop-down list.

Distance The depth of the hole as determined by the value given in the HoleParameters area.

Through All The hole is created through the entire part.

To Select a face or plane to determine the depth of the hole.

Hole TypesCreates a simple hole without thread features.

Creates a tapped hole based on the thread designation and options entered in theThreads dialog box.

Creates a taper tapped hole based on the thread designation and options entered inthe Threads dialog box.



Exercise - Holes Ex

In this exercise, Hole features will be created on an existing model.

1 Expand the folder called Section 6-3 and Open the filecalled Holes Exercise.ipt, then immediately Save As...under the filename of Hole Ex to preserve the original filefor other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Modify panel, click the Hole tool todisplay the Hole dialog box. Select Concentric fromthe Placement drop-down list and complete the dialogbox as shown in Figure 02. Figure 01 Holes Ex.ipt

3 Select the top plane of the part that contains the three small flanges.

Figure 03 Select Top Plane

Selected TopPlane

Figure 02 Holes Tool



4 Select the edge radius of the flange to set the concentric reference. Holes can beplaced concentric to a circular edge or a cylindrical face.

Click Apply to create the hole.

5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 to create the two otherholes on the remaining small flanges.

Figure 04Select the Edge Radius

6 When completed, close the Holes dialog box.

7 On the Modify panel, click the Hole tool to display the Holes dialog box again.Select Concentric from the Placement drop-down list and complete the dialog box asshown in Figure 06.

Figure 05 Three Simple Drilled Holes

Figure 06 Hole Tool - Counterbored Hole

8 Select the top plane of one of the two large flanges, then select the edge radius of theflange to set the concentric reference.



Figure 07 Select Top Plane Figure 08 Select Edge Radius

9 Click Apply to create the hole.

10 Repeat steps 8 and 9 to create the other counterbored hole on the remaining largeflange.

11 When completed, close the Holes dialog box.

Figure 09 Completed Holes Exercise


End of Holes exercise.



6.4 Use the Shell Feature to Remove Material and Faces from aSolid Model

The Shell Tool

The Shell tool is used to create shelled features on existing geometry. Material can be removedfrom an existing part to create a cavity by specifying a wall thickness for the faces. The Shelltool also allows for the creation of differing wall thicknesses for each face of the part.

Figure 01 Shell Tool

Remove Faces Click to select the face(s) to remove from the shell feature. If no facesare removed from the shell feature, the part will have a closed hollowcavity.

Thickness Value required for the wall thickness.

Direction Select one of the direction buttons.

Inside - Thickness is applied to the inside of the existing face.

Outside - Thickness is applied to the outside of the existing face.

Both - Half of the thickness is applied to each side of the exiting face.

Expanded Area - Further Option

Unique face thicknessSelecting in the Click to add area will allow the creation of unique face thicknesses for theshell feature. This value will override the default thickness for the selected face(s) only.

Figure 02 Shell Tool Expanded



Exercise - Shell Ex

In this exercise, a Shell feature will be created on an existing model.

1 Expand the folder called Section 6-4 and Open the filecalled Shell Exercise.ipt, then immediately Save As...under the filename of Shell Ex to preserve the originalfile for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Modify panel, click the Shell tool todisplay the Shell dialog box. Select the top face forremoval and enter 1 mm in the Thickness box, thenclick OK.

Note: The thickness is applied to all the remaining faces on the part.

Figure 01 Shell Ex.ipt

Figure 02 Shell - Face Removal

3 The shell feature has been created as shown in Figure 03. The feature will now beedited to create some unique wall thicknesses.

Figure 03 Shell (1 mm constant wall thickness)

Click this Faceto remove



4 On the Model panel browser, right-click onShell1 and from the pop-up context menu,click Edit Feature.

5 Expand the Shell : Shell1 dialog box to showthe Unique face thickness area.

6 Select the Click to add area and select theface shown in Figure 05. In the main Thicknessbox, enter 1 mm and under Unique facethickness, enter 3 mm.

Figure 05 Unique Face Thickness

7 Select the Click to add area again and add another unique face thickness by selectingthe inside face of the large hole and for a thickness of 3.5 mm.

Figure 06 Unique Face Thickness - Large Hole

Select theInside Face

Select this Face




8 Select the Click to add area again and add another unique face thickness by selectingthe inside faces of the four smaller holes and with a thickness of 2 mm. Click OK toclose the dialog box.

9 The shell feature is updated to reflect the new unique wall thicknesses.

10 Do not save the part file. End of Shell exercise


Figure 07 Unique Face Thickness - Small Holes

Select theInside Faces

Select theInside Faces



6.5 Use the Pattern Feature to Create Rectangular and CircularPatterns of Existing Features within a Solid Model

The Rectangular Pattern Tool

The Rectangular Pattern tool is used to multiple copy one or more features in a rectangularpattern. The feature can be patterned along one or two directions and/or paths, with optionsto control feature spacing.

Figure 01 Rectangular Pattern Tool

When the Pattern individual features button is selected, one or more features may beselected.

When the Pattern the entire solid button is selected, work features may be included in thepattern.



Direction 1 Select the path for Direction 1. Can be an edge on a part or a 2Dsketch representing the path.

Path Click the Flip button to change the path direction.

Enter the total number of times the item occurs in the pattern.

Enter a value for the recurring pattern distance or total distance of thepattern based on the selection from the drop-down list.

Select an option from the drop-down list.

Spacing The value represents the spacing between occurrances.

Distance The value represents the total pattern distance.

Curve Length This disables the Distance field and divides the curve length by thenumber of occurrances.

Direction 2 Optional - contains the same options as Direction 1 above.

Expanded Section:

Direction 1 and Direction 2

Start Sets the start point for the first occurrance. It can start at anyselected point.

Compute

Optimized Used for pattern occurrances of 50 or more to increase patternperformance.

Identical Used to ensure that each occurrance uses an identical terminationoption, regardless of where it intersects other features.

Adjust Enables each occurrance termination to be calculated.

Orientation These options control the orientation of the patterned features.

Identical Ensures that the occurrance orientation is identical to that of the firstfeature.

Direction 1 Allows for occurrances to be rotated as the path changes directions.orDirection 2



The Circular Pattern Tool

The Circular Pattern tool is used to multiple copy one or more features in a circular pattern.

Figure 01 Circular Pattern Tool

Clicking the Pattern individual features button, provides for the following selection options:

Features Select one or more features to be patterned.

Rotational Axis Select the rotation axis for the pattern -circular faces, work axes, or part edges.

Clicking the Pattern the entire solid button, provides for the following selection options:

Include Work Features Select the work features toinclude in the pattern.

Rotation Axis Select the rotation axis for thepattern - circular faces, work axes, or part edges.

PlacementEnter the total number of occurrances for the pattern.

Enter the angle for the pattern - the result is based on the PositioningMethod selected.

Flip Click to flip the rotational direction of the pattern.



Creation Method

Optimized Used for pattern occurrances of 50 or more to increase patternperformance.

Identical Used to ensure that each occurrance uses an identical terminationoption, regardless of where it intersects other features.

Adjust Enables each occurrance termination to be calculated.

Positioning Method

Incremental Sets the angle value to represent the angle between occurrances.

Fitted Sets the angle value to represent the total rotational angle of thepattern.



Exercise - Pattern Ex

In this exercise, a Rectangular and Circular Pattern feature will be created on an existingmodel.

1 Expand the folder called Section 6-5 and Open the filecalled Pattern Exercise.ipt, then immediately SaveAs... under the filename of Pattern Ex to preserve theoriginal file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Pattern panel, click the Rectangular tool todisplay the Rectangular Pattern dialog box. On theModel panel browser, select the Extrusion6 feature(easier to select!).

3 Under Direction 1, click the Path button and select the edge indicated in Figure 02. Ifnecessary, use the Flip button to change the path direction.

Under Direction 2, click the Path button and select the edge indicated in Figure 02. Ifnecessary, use the Flip button to change the path direction.

Complete the dialog box as shown and click OK.

Figure 01 Pattern Ex.ipt

Figure 02 Rectangular Pattern Tool

Figure 03 Rectangular Pattern

Direction 2

Direction 1



4 For this exercise, some of therectangular holes just created, are notrequired. These unwanted occurrencescan be suppressed.

On the Model panel browser, expand theRectangular Pattern1 feature to show all28 occurrences created.

While holding down the [Ctrl] key, selectthe occurrences as shown, then right-clickone of the selected occurrences and fromthe pop-up context menu, selectSuppress.

Figure 04 Suppress

5 On the Pattern panel, click the Circular tool to display the Circular Pattern dialogbox and select the middle hole feature as shown in Figure 05.

6 In the Circular Pattern dialog box, click the Rotation Axis button and select theinside face of the large hole as shown in Figure 06.

Figure 05 Hole Feature Selection Figure 06 Rotation Axis Selection



7 In the dialog box under Placement, enter 8 in the Occurrences field and press OK.

Figure 07 Circular Pattern

8 The Extrusion5 feature was created ona sketch that can be used as the pathfor the next pattern. On the Modelpanel browser, expand the Extrusion5feature to expose Sketch5.

Right-click on Sketch5 and from the pop-up context menu, select Share Sketch.This makes the sketch available foradditional features.

Figure 08 Share Sketch

9 On the Pattern panel, click the Circulartool to display the Circular Pattern dialog box. Select theremaining small hole feature.

10 Click the Rotation Axis button and select the inside faceof the large hole, then complete the dialog box as shownin Figure 09 and press OK.





11 On the Model panel browser and right-click on Sketch5, then from the pop-up contextmenu, select Visibility to hide the sketch.


End of Pattern exercise.



6.6 Modify Placed Features (Fillets, Chamfers, etc.)

Placed Features

Placed features are comprised of:

• Fillets• Chamfers• Holes and Threads• Shells• Rectangular Patterns• Circular Patterns• Drafts

Placed features can be modified/edited through the Model panelbrowser using the same tool they were created with, by right-clicking on the feature to edit and from the pop-up context menu,selecting Edit Feature.




Exercise - Feature Edits

In this exercise, Placed Features will be edited on existing models.

1 Expand the folder called Section 6-6 and Open the filecalled Fillet-Edit Exercise.ipt, then immediately SaveAs... under the filename of Fillet-Edit Ex to preserve theoriginal file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

2 On the Model panel browser, right-click on Fillet2 and from the pop-upcontext menu, select Edit Featureto display the Fillet : Fillet2 dialogbox.

3 In the dialog box under Edges, click 6selected to activate and change theRadius to 1.5 mm, then click OK.

The feature has now been updated withthe new radius.

Figure 01 Fillet-Edit Ex.ipt

Figure 02 Fillet2 > Edit Feature

Figure 03 Fillet : Fillet2



Figure 04 Completed Feature Edit

Figure 05 Chamfer-Edit Ex.ipt

Figure 06 Chamfer : Chamfer2

4 Expand the folder called Section 6-6 and Open the filecalled Chamfer-Edit Exercise.ipt, then immediatelySave As... under the filename of Chamfer-Edit Ex topreserve the original file for other users (overwrite ifnecessary).

5 On the Model panel browser, right-click on Chamfer2and from the pop-up Context menu, select EditFeature to display the Chamfer : Chamfer2 dialog box.

6 In the dialog box underDistance, change the value to2 mm, then click OK.

The feature has now been updated with the newdistance.




Figure 07 Completed Edit Feature

Figure 08 Holes-Edit Ex.ipt

8 Expand the folder called Section 6-6 and Open the filecalled Holes-Edit Exercise.ipt, then immediately SaveAs... under the filename of Holes-Edit Ex to preserve theoriginal file for other users (overwrite if necessary).

9 On the Model panel browser, right-click on Hole1 and fromthe pop-up Context menu, select Edit Feature to displaythe Hole : Hole1 dialog box.

10 In the dialog box, change the hole type to a Thread feature and in the expanded area,complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 09, then click OK.

The feature has now been updated with the new thread feature.

Figure 09 Holes : Hole1



SELF ASSESSMENT

11 Repeat this modification for the other two holes in the top plane flanges as shown inFigure 10.



13 Expand the folder called Section 6-6 and Openthe file called Shell-Edit Exercise.ipt, thenimmediately Save As... under the filename ofShell-Edit Ex to preserve the original file for otherusers (overwrite if necessary).

14 On the Model panel browser, right-click on Shell1and from the pop-up context menu, select EditFeature to display the Shell : Shell1 dialog box.

15 In the dialog box, change the thickness of the mainwall from 1 mm to 2 mm.

Figure 11 Shell-Edit Ex.ipt

Main WallThickness



End of Feature Edits exercise.



Use Methods to CreateAssemblies


Outcome References:7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4

7



Use Methods to Create Assemblies

Assembly EnvironmentClicking on the New button on the Launch panel of the Get Started tab will displaythe New File dialog box.

Double-clicking on the Standard.iam icon on the New File dialog box will displaythe Assembly Environment (or click the down-arrow on the New button on the QuickLaunch Toolbar and select Assembly).

Figure 01 New > New File > Standard.iam

Figure 02 Assembly



Model Panel BrowserDisplays information about all the parts and their constraints. The browser functions, whenactivated, are identical to the Part Modelling Environment.

Assembly ComponentsEach omponent in the assembly is listed in a hierarchal manner. Expand the componentsto see the applied assembly constraints.

3D IndicatorDisplays the current view orientation.

Assembly Coordinate System

Each assembly file contains an independent coordinate system. When the first part isplaced into an assembly, the origin point and planes of the part file are matched with theorigin point and planes of the assembly file.

Grounded Component

The first component placed in an assembly should be a fundamental part or sub-assembly,such as a frame or base plate, on which the rest of the assembly is built.

Ribbon > Assemble Tab

The Ribbon contains the tools specific to assembly modelling. As the assembly model isdeveloped, the Ribbon automatically switches between Assembly, Part, and Sketch modesdepending on the context in use.

Figure 03 Assembly Environment

Model Panel Browser

Assembly Components

ViewCube

3D Indicator

Navigation Bar

Ribbon > Assemble Tab

Assembly CoordinateElements



Figure 04 Ribbon > Assemble Tab

Figure 05 Model Browser



Assembly Modelling Methods

There are three basic methods in use:

Top Down Assembly Modelling

All assembly parts are designed in the context of the assembly. A blank assembly is created,then each component is designed while still in the assembly environment. As each componentis created, the required assembly constraints are applied, and parts are modified based upontheir relationship to other components in the assembly.

Bottom Up Assembly Modelling

Individual components for an assembly are designed outside the assembly environment. Eachpart file is created separately from the assembly and other parts. After the parts have beencreated, they are placed into the assembly and constrained to the other parts.

Middle Out Assembly Modelling

This method closely represents the real-world design process. This is a mix of the above twomethods and if standard off-the shelf components, like nuts, bolts, etc. are used, the methodhas effectively switched to a Middle Out approach.

Whichever method is used to create the assembly, the part data remains with the individualpart files and are referenced into the assembly file.

Any of the three methods may be used and can be switched between them at anytime. As theuser becomes more proficient with the application and understands the benefits of eachmodelling approach, the user will be able to select the best approach for a given task.

Assembly Constraints

Assembly constraints are used to create parametric relationships between parts in theassembly. There are four basic assembly constraints, each with their own unique solutionsand options.

Figure 06 Place Constraint



Figure 07 Mate/Flush - BEFORE Figure 08 Mate/Flush - AFTER

Figure 09 Mate/Mate - BEFORE Figure 10 Mate/Mate - AFTER

Figure 11Angle/Directed Angle - BEFORE

Figure 12Angle/Directed Angle - AFTER

Note: A zero angle would actually place the faces flush.

Mate ConstraintUsed to align part features such as faces, edges or axis.

Angle ConstraintUsed to specify an angle between two parts. Applied to faces, edges or axes.

Mate Constraint



Figure 15 Insert/Opposed - BEFORE Figure 16 Insert/Opposed - AFTER

Tangent ConstraintUsed to define a tangential relationship between two parts. Applied to circular faces andplanar faces - one of the selected faces must be circular.

Figure 13 Tangent/Outside - BEFORE Figure 14 Tangent/Outside - AFTER

Insert ConstraintUsed to insert one component into another. Combines a mate axis/axis and a mate face/faceconstraint, as applied to bolts, pins, shafts, or any part that needs to be inserted into a hole onanother part. Applied by selecting a circular edge on each part.



Figure 01Place Component...

Figure 02 Spider Blank Specifications

7.1 Start a New Assembly and Insert Existing Component Parts

Exercise - Sprocket Drawer

In this exercise, component parts will be placed into a new assembly. Partswill also be created and others modified, then constrained and assembled toproduce an assembly of a Sprocket Drawer.

1 Expand the folder called Section 7-1 and Open the file calledSpider Blank.ipt, then immediately Save As... under thefilename of Spider to preserve the original file for other users (overwrite if necessary).After saving, close down the part file.

2 Click the down-arrow on the New button on the Quick Launch Toolbar and selectAssembly.

3 On the Quick Launch Toolbar, click the Save button and in the Save As dialog box,locate the folder Section 7-1 as the area to Save in:, then inthe File name: text box, enter Sprocket DrawerAssembly and click the Save button (overwrite if necessary).

4 On the Component panel, click the Place tool and in thePlace Component dialog box, selectScrew.ipt and click the Open button.

Press [Esc] to cancel the tool, thus placing only one instance of the Screw on the Graphics Window.

Note: This is the first component placed in the assemblyand is therefore, grounded (ie the base component).

5 Repeat the Place Component... tool and place a singlecopy of the part files Back Nut.ipt andSpider.ipt on the Graphics Window.

6 The part file Spider is not complete, but needs editing according to thespecifications shown in Figure 02.



7 On the Model panel browser, right-click Spider:1 and select Edit.

Note: The Screw and Back Nut have now become transparent and are no longeravailable for selection whilst in Spider:1 edit mode.

8 On the ViewCube toolbar, select the top left-hand corner 'hot-spot' to rotate the spider,then click on the Create 2D Sketchtool and select the front face.

9 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face buttonand select the same face.

10 On the Format tab, click the Construction buttonto turn it on.

11 On the Draw panel, click the Line tool and createtwo Construction lines from the centre point of theSpider and dimension as shown in Figure 04.

12 Click the Construction button to toggle it off.

13 On the Draw panel, click the Center Point Circle tool and draw acircle with its centre on the angled construction line and set itsvalue to 100 mm diameter.

14 On the Constrain panel, click the Tangent constraint tool and place a constraintbetween the large circle and the sketch face circle on the Spider.


Figure 04 Sketch

15 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Skletch tool, then press [F6] to create the isometric Home View.

Construction Line

Construction Line

Selectthis face

Tangent Constraint



16 On the Create panel, click the Extrude tool and select the large circle profile, thencomplete the dialog box as shown in Figure 05 and click OK.


17 On the Pattern panel, click the Circular tool and select the cutout Feature createdabove, then select the Rotation Axis and complete the dialog box as shown in Figure06 before pressing OK.


18 On the Sketch panel, click the Create 2D Sketch tool andwith the use of the ViewCube,select the front face again onwhich to sketch.

19 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button and select the same sketch face.



20 On the Draw panel, click the Two Point Rectangle tool and drawa rectangle 6 mm wide on the sketch face as shown in Figure 07.

21 On the Constrain panel, click the Vertical constraint and place a constraint between the midpoint of the upper horizontal edge of the rectangle and the centre

point of the threaded hole.

Click the Project Geometry tool and project the lower curvededge of the Spider, then place Tangent constraints betweenthe projected lower curved edge and the lower horizontal line of the rectangle, and theouter edge of the sketch face circle and the upper horizontal line of the rectangle.

22 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch tool, then press [F6] to create the isometric Home View.

Figure 07 Rectangle - Constrained

VerticalConstraints

Tangent & VerticalConstraints

23 On the Create panel, click the Extrude tool and select the rectangular profile, thencomplete the dialog box as shown in Figure 08 and click OK.




24 On the Pattern panel, click the Circular tool and select the cutout Feature createdopposite, then select the thread as the Rotation Axis and complete the dialog box asshown in Figure 09 before pressing OK.


25 On the Sketch panel, click the Create 2D Sketch tool and onthe Model panel browser, expand the Origin folder onSpider:1, then select the XY Plane for the sketch plane.

26 Right-click in the Graphics Window and from the pop-up context menu, select Slice Graphics (or press [F7]).

27 On the Navigation Bar, click the View Face button andselect the same XY Plane.

28 On the Draw panel, click theProject Geometry tool andselect the right-hand vertical edge of the component.

29 On the Draw panel, click the CenterPoint Circle tool and draw a 5 mmdiameter circle dimensionally constrained as shown inFigure 10.

30 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch tool, then press [F6] to create an isometric Home View.




31 On the Create panel, click the Extrude tool and select the circle profile, then completethe dialog box as shown in Figure 11 and click OK.


32 On the Pattern panel, click the Circular tool and select the circular extruded Featurecreated above, then select the Rotation Axis and complete the dialog box as shown inFigure 12 before pressing OK.




33 Right-click in the Graphics Window and from the pop-upcontext menu, select Finish Edit to return to the Assembly(or click the Return tool on the Return panel).

Figure 13 Assembled Parts



Sprocket Drawer Exercise Continued...

The Sprocket Drawer Assembly is comprised of a further four components:Sprocket Drawer Legs (3), Pivot Pins (3), Tommy Bar, and End Caps (2).These need to be created within the Assembly to the followingspecifications.

Sprocket Drawer Legs

7.2 Create New Parts within an Assembly Environment

Pivot Pins

End Caps and Tommy Bar

Figure 14 Sprocket Drawer Legs

Figure 15 Pivot Pins

Figure 16 End Caps anf Tommy Bar



34 Ensure the assembly file Sprocket Drawer Assembly is open.

35 On the Component panel, click the Create tool and complete the Create In-PlaceComponent dialog box as shown in Figure 17, then click OK.

Figure 17 Create In-Place Component

After closing the dialog box, click in the Graphics Window. This opens up Sketchmode with an isometric view ready for the Sprocket Drawer Leg to be created, andall the other components are now transparent and not available for selection.

36 On the Graphics Window, sketch and constrain a Sprocket Drawer Leg to thespecifications shown in Figure 14, with the hole centre constrained to the projectedCenter Point (Origin).

37 When completed, right-click and from the pop-up shortcut menu, click on Home View,if not in an isometric view similar to thet shown below.

38 On the Exit panel, click the Finish Sketch tool to to leave sketch mode.

39 On the Create panel, click on Extrude and complete the dialog box as shownin Figure 18, then click OK.

Figure 18 Extrude



40 On the Model panel browser, double-clickon Sprocket Drawer Assembly to returnto Assembly mode.

Self Assessment

41 Repeat steps 35 through 40 and create withthe use of constraints and dimensions:

• 1 x Pivot Pin• 2 x End Caps• 1 x Tommy Bar

according to the specifications in Figures 15 and 16.

Figure 21 Sprocket Drawer Assembly Components

Figure 20 Created Components

42 All components have now been created and ready for Assembly.

Figure 19 Sprocket Drawer Leg



Figure 22 Save - Sprocket Drawer Assembly

43 On the Quick Launch Toolbar, click the Save button to display the Save dialog box.Accept the defaults of Yes and click OK.



7.3 Use Simple Assembly Constraints and Mates to Assemble andAlign Parts and Correct Over Constraining


The Sprocket Drawer Assembly components are now ready to beassembled. The Screw was the first component placed into the assemblyand is automatically Grounded (i.e. cannot be moved), so the assembly willbe based on the Screw.

Before assembling the components on the Screw, the Tommy Bar and EndCaps will be assembled, and then the Spider, Legs, and Pivot Pin.

Tommy Bar Sub-Assembly

44 Move (drag) the Sprocket Drawer Leg and Pivot Pin away from the Tommy Bar.

45 On the Position panel, click on the Constraint... tool to display the PlaceConstraint dialog box.

46 In the Type area, click the Insert button and select the right-hand large circular edge of the Tommy Bar and then select the top outer circular edge of an End

Cap, then click the Apply button.

Figure 23 Place Constraint - Insert

The Tommy Bar has now inserted itself into the End Cap and is in a verticalposition.

47 The Place Constraint dialog box is still open. Repeat for the other end of theTommy Bar and the remaining End Cap.

Click the Apply button and then click Cancel to close the dialog box (or clickthe OK button to apply the constraint and exit the dialog box).




Spider Sub-Assembly

48 On the Position panel, click on the Constraint tool to display the Place Constraintdialog box.

49 In the Type area, click on the Insert button and select the circular edge of the hole on the top inside face of the Spider and then the bottom circular edge of the

hole on the Sprocket Drawer Leg, then click the Apply button.

50 Now select the right-hand circular edge of the Pivot Pin and then select the circularedge of the hole on the top inside face of the Spider, then enter 5.50 mm in the Offsetbox and click the Apply button. Click the Cancel button to close the dialog box.




51 On the Component panel, click on the Pattern tool to display the PatternComponent dialog box and select the Leg and Pivot Pin, then click the Circular tab.

Click on the Axis Direction button and the select threaded hole, then enter 3 in theCircular Count text box and 120 deg in the Circular Angle text box and click OK.

Figure 26 Pattern Component - Selected Components and Axis Direction

Figure 27 Pattern Component - Circular Count and Angle



7.4 Use View Controls to Move and Rotate Components and UseView Controls to Assist in Producing the Assembly


The Sprocket Drawer Assembly

Assembling the Back Nut and Spider Sub-Assembly from their currentorientations onto the Screw could cause them to be displayed upsidedown.They first need rotating before assembling and constraining.

52 On the Position panel, click the Rotate tool and then click on theBack Nut to display the Orbit tool, then rotate the Back Nut by leftbutton mouse dragging to a position similar to that shown in Figure 28.

Figure 28 Rotate Component

53 On the Position panel, click on the Constraint tool to display the Place Constraintdialog box.

54 In the Type area, click on the Mate button and select the centreline on the Screw and then select the mating centreline on the Back Nut, then click the Apply

button followed by Cancel.



55 On the Position panel, click the Move tool and move the Sprocket Drawer Legs andPivot Pins clear of the Spider. The Spider can now be rotated to a different orientationwithout the Legs and Pivot Pins being in the way.

56 On the Position panel, click the Rotate tool and then click on the Spider to display theOrbit tool, then rotate the Spider by mouse dragging to a position similar to that shownin Figure 30.


Figure 29 Place Constraint - Mate



57 On the Position panel, click the Constraint tool to display the Place Constraintdialog box.

58 In the Type area, click on the Mate button and select the centreline on the Screw and then select the mating centreline on the Spider, then click the Apply button

followed by Cancel.

Figure 31 Place Constraint - Mate

Note: As the second Mate constraint is placed on the Spider, the Spider locateson the Screw and is automatically updated with the Legs and Pivot Pinsback in place.

59 On the Position panel, click the Move tool and move the End Caps clear of the TommyBar. The Tommy Bar can now be rotated to a different orientation without the EndCaps being in the way.



60 On the Position panel, click the Rotate tooland then click on the Tommy Bar todisplay the Orbit tool, then rotate theTommy Bar by mouse dragging to aposition similar to that shown in Figure 32.

61 On the Position panel, click theConstraint tool to display the PlaceConstraint dialog box.

62 In the Type area, click on the Mate button and select the centreline

on the Tommy Bar and then select themating hole centreline on the Screw, thenclick the Apply button followed by Cancel.


Figure 34 Completed Assembly

Note: If the Tommy Bar fails to locate on theScrew after placing the second Mateconstraint, simply drag the Tommy Barinto position. Note the End Caps auto-matically jump back into place.

Figure 33 Place Component - Mate



63 Although the Screw is "Grounded", various other parts of the assembly can still bemoved by mouse dragging the components to test their operation.

• Try dragging the Tommy Bar Sub-Assembly back and forth through the holein the Screw head.

• Try dragging the Back Nut up and down the Screw.

• Try dragging and rotating the Spider Sub-Assembly on the Screw.

• Try moving the Sprocket Drawer Legs in unison by dragging the first Leginserted.

64 Save the assembly under its default filename of Sprocket Drawer Assembly.

End of Sprocket Drawer Exercise.

Figure 35 Sprocket Drawer Assembly



Use the Drawing LayoutEnvironment to Produce HardCopies


Outcome References:8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4

8



Use the Drawing Layout Environment to Produce HardCopies

Drawing Environment

Autodesk Inventor supports the ANSI, BSI, DIN, GB, ISO and JIS drafting standards, and areused to control the appearance of the drawing features such as Balloon Referencing, WeldSymbols, and Part Lists (BOM's).

The default standard is created during software installation, but can be changed for eachdrawing.

Clicking the New button on the Quick Launch Toolbar will display the New File dialogbox (Default tab).

Double-clicking on the Standard.idw icon on the New File dialog box will display theDrawing Environment (or click the down-arrow on the New button on the Quick LaunchToolbar and select Drawing).

Figure 01 Open - Standard.idw

Figure 02 Drawing



Figure 03 Drawing Environment - Place Views Tab

Figure 04 Ribbon - Drawing Environment

Ribbon - Drawing Environment

Model Panel Browser

Default Title Block

Navigation Bar



Model Panel BrowserDisplays information about the Drawing, its Resources and Sheets.

Figure 05 Model Panel Browser



Styles and Standards

Clicking the Styles Editor button on the Styles and Standards panel on the Manage tab willdisplay the Style and Standard Editor dialog box.

Selecting the Default Standard (if installed correctly, this should be ISO) will display thedefault settings.

Figure 06 Styles and Standards Editor - General Tab



Figure 08 Available Styles Tab - All Styles Filter

Figure 07 View Preferences Tab

All StylesTo view all the Styles available, the filter setting at the top right-hand corner of the dialog boxwould need setting to All Styles.



Figure 09 Object Defaults Tab - All Styles Filter

Figure 10 Material Hatch Pattern Defaults - All Styles Filter



Text Styles

Text Styles are used to control the appearance of text in the drawing. The default style islocated in the style library and any changes are stored in the drawing. If new or modified textstyles are created for use in other drawings, the text style must be saved to the current styleslibrary.

Formatting

Figure 11 Text Styles Area (Label Text)

SpacingSelect the line spacing required from the drop-down list.

ValueEnter a line spacing value - only available for Exactly or Multiply options.

%StretchEnter a percentage width of the text.

ColorClick to select the colour from the Color dialog box.

JustificationsSelect the option required (Left, Center, Right, Top, Middle, Bottom).

RotationSelect to set the default text rotation (0°, 270°, 180°, 90°).

FontSelect the text font from the drop-down list.

Text HeightSelect the height for the font from the drop-down list, or enter a new value.



Click the required option (Bold, Italic, Underline).

CommentsEnter any comments related to the text style.

Drawing Sheet Colour

The Drawing Sheet (background) colour may be changed by clicking on the DocumentSettings button on the Options panel on the Tools tab to display the Drawing1 DocumentSettings dialog box.

The colours may be changed on the Sheet tab (change the Sheet colour to White).

Figure 12 Drawing1 Document Settings > Sheet Tab

Figure 13 Color (White)



8.1 Start a New Drawing Layout using an Existing Template

Exercise - Drawing Layout

Figure 01 Exhaust Flange.ipt

Figure 02 Drawing

4 By default, the Sheet (paper) size is ISO A3 landscape. This needs changing toA4 landscape.

On the Model panel browser, right-click on Sheet:1 and from the pop-up menu, clickon Edit Sheet... to display the Edit Sheet dialog box.

5 Change the A3 size to A4 from the drop-down list, ensure Landscape is selected andclick the OK button.

In this exercise, a component part will be produced in first angle projection to scale,annotation added and the Title Block completed in readiness for printing, all based on thedefault ISO template.

1 Ensure Autodesk Inventor is loaded and ready for use.

2 Expand the folder called Section 8-1 andOpen the file called Exhaust FlangeExercise.ipt, then immediately Save As...under the filename of Exhaust Flange.iptto preserve the original file for other users (overwriteif necessary).

3 Click the down-arrow on the Newbutton from the Standard toolbarand select Drawing to enter theDrawing Environment.

Figure 03 Edit Sheet (A4 Size)



6 On the Create panel bar, click the Base tool to dynamically show the component beingdragged onto the drawing, and to also display the Drawing View dialog box.

7 In the dialog box, change the Scale to half-size (1:2) by selecting from the drop-downlist and ensure Hidden Line is selected under Style, then place the Front View of theExhaust Flange in a similar position to that shown in Figure 04.

Note: The dialog box automatically closes as the the component is placed in thedrawing.

Figure 04 Base View

8.2 Control the Scale and Display Characteristics of Views Within aDrawing

Drawing Layout Exercise Continued...

8 On the Create panel, click the Projected tool and click on the existing Front View,then drag the mouse vertically downwards and click to create a Plan (Top) View belowthe Front View.

Still in the same command, drag the mouse horizontally out to the right from the existingFront View and click to create an End View.

Still in the same command, drag the mouse diagonally down to the right of the existingFront View and click to create an Isometric View.

Right-click on the drawing and from the pop-up menu, click Create to produce the threeviews in First Angle Projection and an Isometric View.



Figure 05 First Angle Projection and Isometric View at 1:2 Scale

9 Double-click on the Isometric View rectangular dotted frame to call up the DrawingView dialog box.

Change the Scale from half-size (1:2) to full-size (1:1) and under Style, select theShaded button, then click the OK button.

10 Select the Isometric View by picking the rectangular dotted frame and dragging it tore-position similar to that shown in Figure 07.

Figure 06 Drawing View



11 Save the drawing file as Exhaust Flange.idw.

Note: Saving the drawing file has automatically placed the file name in the TitleBox (under the Part Number: label if modification required - see Figure 23).

Figure 07 First Angle Projection and Isometric View

Figure 08 Title Block



8.3 Add Annotations to Views and Title Blocks


Figure 09 View / Scale Label and Front View Identifier

Annotating the Views

12 Double-click on the Front View frame to call up the Drawing View dialog box.

Under the View / Scale Label, click the Toggle Label Visible button to On.

In the View Identifier text box, change VIEW1 to FRONT VIEW, then click the OKbutton.

Figure 10 Plan View

13 Double-click on the Plan View frame to call up the Drawing View dialog box.

Under the View / Scale Label, click the Toggle Label Visible button to On asshown in Figure 09.

In the View Identifier text box, change VIEW3to PLAN VIEW, then click the OK button.

Figure 11 End View

14 Double-click on the End View frame to call up the Drawing View dialog box.

Under the View / Scale Label, click the Toggle Label Visible button to On asshown in Figure 09.

In the View Identifier text box, change VIEW2to END VIEW, then click the OK button.


Figure 13 Isometric View and Scale Placement

15 Double-click on the Isometric View frame tocall up the Drawing View dialog box.

In the View Identifier text box, changeVIEW4 to ISOMETRIC VIEW and click theToggle Label Visible button to On, thenclick the OK button.

Drag and place the text to a position similar to that shown in Figure 13.



16 Double-click on the Isometric View frame to call up the Drawing View dialog box.

17 To the right of the View Identifier text box, click the Edit view label button todisplay the Format Text dialog box.

Note: In the above text box, <VIEW> ( <SCALE> ) represents the default text ofISOMETRIC ( 1 : 1 ) and needs to be modified.

18 Place the cursor immediately in front of the left parenthesis (rounded bracket) and press[Enter] to place ( <SCALE> ) on a new line below <VIEW>. Replace by overtyping thetext ( <SCALE> ) with SCALE = 1 : 1, then highlight (select) it and enter 3 for the newText Size and click OK.

Figure 14 Format Text

Figure 15 Text Edit and Size



19 Now click OK to close the Drawing View dialog box and make any adjustmentsnecessary to re-position the text label to look more favourable on the drawing if needbe.

Figure 16 Format Text

Figure 17 Exhaust Flange Drawing - Labels



Figure 18 Format Text (Material = Mild Steel)

20 Select the Annotate tab and click the Text tool on the Text panel, then click on thedrawing in the middle of the area to the left of the Tiltle Block (see Figure 20) . This willdisplay the Format Text dialog box.

Enter MATERIAL = MILD STEEL in the large text box, and select the Center andMiddle Justification buttons. Accept the default text size and press OK.

Press [Esc] to cancel the command.

21 If necessary, re-position the note to look similar to that shown in Figure 19.

Note: To edit the note, simply double-click the text to display the Format Textdialog box again.



Figure 19 Exhaust Flange Drawing - Text Note

Figure 21 Exhaust Flange.idw Properties - General Tab

Annotating the Title Block

22 On the Model panel browser, right-click on ExhaustFlange.idw and from the pop-up menu, selectiProperties to display the Exhaust Flange.idwProperties dialog box.

Figure 20 Exhaust Flange.idw



Figure 22 Exhaust Flange.idw Properties - Summary and Project Tabs

23 Click on the Summary tab and complete the dialog box as shown in Figure 23.

Note: Use your own surname in the Author: label box.

24 Click on the Project tab and ensure today's date is used in the Creation Date: label.



Figure 23 Exhaust Flange.idw Properties - Status Tab

Figure 24 Completed Title Block

25 Click on the Status tab and use your own initials in the Checked By: label box, thenclick the Apply button and then Close.

26 The Title Box should look similar to that shown in Figure 24.

27 Save the drawing file under its default filename of Exhaust Flange.idw.

28 The drawing is now completed and ready for printing.



Printing Hard Copy

29 On the Application Menu, click Print to display the PrintDrawing dialog box.

Change the Printer Name to suit your printer, as the one shown will probably not be thesame as yours, and click the Preview... button.

8.4 Produce Hard Copy Output to a Print/Plot Device


Figure 25 Print Drawing

30 If all is well, click the Print... button at the top-left of the Graphics Window.

If modifications are required, click the Close button.

31 The completed drawing is shown in Figure 26.

End of Drawing Layout Exercise.



Figure 26 Exhaust Flange Component - Completed Drawing



Further Parametric ModellingExercises


9



Further Parametric Modelling Exercises

SELF ASSESSMENT

1

3

2

4



Exercise 1 - Hinge Bracket

SELF ASSESSMENT

Create the part file Hinge Bracket as shown in Figure 02 from the information given in the firstangle projection drawing shown in Figure 01.

Figure 01

Figure 02 Hinge Bracket



Exercise 2 - Vee Block

SELF ASSESSMENT

Create the part file Vee Block as shown in Figure 02 from the information given in the firstangle projection drawing shown in Figure 01.

Figure 01

Figure 02 Vee Block



Exercise 3 - Adjustable Walking Stick

SELF ASSESSMENT

Place the following part files (Figure 01) into an assembly and save it as Walking Stick, thenassemble the components as shown in Figure 02 with the WS Foot Cap being the 'grounded'component.

Expand folder Section 9-3:WS Foot Cap (to be Grounded) WS Main ShaftWS Handle WS Main Shaft CapWS Lower Shaft WS Spring Buttons

Figure 01 Component Parts

Figure 02 Walking Stick.iam



Exercise 4 - Shaft Support Bracket

SELF ASSESSMENT

Expand the folder called Section 9-4 and open the part file Shaft Support Exercise.ipt,then immediately Save As... under the filename of Shaft Support.ipt,and create an ISO A3size drawing based on a default template. The part layout to be in first angle projection andshown full size. Annotate the drawing and complete the Title Block as shown in Figure 01.

Figure 01 Completed Drawing



Sample PracticalAssignments


10



City & Guilds 4353-21Computer Aided Design Parametric ModellingLevel 1 Award

Assessment

The 4353-21 scheme is assessed on the satisfactory completion of thestandard assignments for this module:


Test 4353-21-001

Note: A Multi-Choice Testing CD is available from MAW DESIGN SERVICES to test the underpinning knowledge of candidates and is based on the test specification for the 4353-21-001 online test.


PA 4353-21-002 PA 4353-21-003

Sample Practical AssignmentsTo assist you with the final assessments, the following two Practical Assignments have beenprovided, and are based on the required assessment components for:

PA 4353-21-002 and PA 4353-21-003

On completion of these two Sample Practical Assignments, you have finished all the courseworkfor this module, and are ready to attempt the City & Guilds Practical Assignments and Multi-choice Question Online Test - please consult your Tutor for details.

No Files Required

Note: An exploded animation of the completed assignments showing how the parts areassembled together, can be viewed on the 4353-21 Multi-Choice Testing CD.



Sample Practical Assignment 1

SELF ASSESSMENTTarget time for this assignment is 2 hours

Candidate's Instructions

1 Execute the parametric modelling software and start a new Part file based on astandard metric template.

2 Set the background to a suitable gradient colour.

3 Using appropriate commands parametrically model a Pulley Bracket to thespecifications detailed in Figure 01 and shown isometrically in Figure 02.

Note: Dimensions not required on the final drawing.

Figure 01 Pulley Bracket (First Angle Projection)



Figure 02 Pulley Bracket (Isometric View)

4 Save the part file as YOUR INITIALS-PULLEY BRACKET in the designated work area.

5 Start a new drawing file using a standard metric template similar to that shown in Figure04 and ensure its setup for an ISO A4 landscape sheet size.

6 Create in First Angle projection with hidden lines visible, the three views shown in Figure04 at half size scale and an isometric shaded view full size.

7 Label the three views and the isometric view using the default text font as shown inFigure 04.

8 Edit the title block using the default text font similar to that shown in Figure 03, toinclude YOUR SURNAME, TODAY’S DATE and DRAWING TITLE as a minimum.




9 Save the drawing file as YOUR INITIALS-PULLEY BRACKET in the designated workarea.

10 Print/plot a hardcopy onto A4 paper in landscape mode, full size.

11 This completes the assignment.

12 The completed assignment is shown in Figure 04.

Figure 04 Completed Assignment Drawing



Sample Practical Assignment 2

SELF ASSESSMENTTarget time for this assignment is 3½ hours

Candidate's Instructions

1 Execute the parametric modelling software and start a new Part file based on a standardmetric template.

2 Set the background to a suitable gradient colour.

3 Using appropriate commands, parametrically model the Pulley to the specificationsdetailed in Figure 01.


Figure 01 Pulley



4 Save the Part file as YOUR INITIALS-PULLEY in the designated work area.

5 Start a new Part file based on a standard metric template.

6 Using appropriate commands, parametrically model the Brass Bush to thespecifications detailed in Figure 02.


Figure 02 Brass Bush

7 Save the Part file as YOUR INITIALS-BRASS BUSH in the designated work area.


9 Using appropriate commands, parametrically model the Round Head Pin to thespecifications detailed in Figure 03.


Figure 03 Round Head Pin



10 Save the Part file as YOUR INITIALS-ROUND HEAD PIN in the designated work area.


12 Using appropriate commands, parametrically model the Pin to the specificationsdetailed in Figure 04.


Figure 04 Pin

13 Save the Part file as YOUR INITIALS-PIN in the designated work area.

14 Start a new Assembly file based on a standard metric template and insert the Part filesshown in Figure 05, including the PULLEY BRACKET (grounded) produced in SamplePractical Assignment 1.

Figure 05 Inserted Part Files



15 Assemble the parts as shown in Figure 06 with the PULLEY aligned centrally betweenthe two bosses on the PULLEY BRACKET.

16 Save the Assembly file as YOUR INITIALS-PULLEY BRACKET ASSEMBLY in thedesignated work area.

17 Start a new Drawing file using a standard metric template similar to that shown in Figure08 and ensure its setup for an ISO A4 landscape sheet size.

18 Create in First Angle projection with hidden lines visible, the three views shown in Figure08 at half size scale and an isometric shaded view, at full size scale.

19 Label the three views using the default text font as shown in Figure 08.

20 Add text to the isometric view using the default text font with a height of 5.

21 Edit the title block using the default text font similar to that shown in Figure 07, toinclude YOUR SURNAME, TODAY’S DATE and DRAWING TITLE as a minimum.

Figure 06 Pulley Bracket Assembly




22 Save the drawing file as YOUR INITIALS-PULLEY BRACKET ASSEMBLY in thedesignated work area.

23 Print/plot a hardcopy onto A4 paper in landscape mode, full size.

24 This completes the assignment.

25 The completed assignment is shown in Figure 08.

Figure 08 Completed Assignment Drawing

MAW Design Services Appendix 01-1


Understanding First and Third Angle ProjectionSystems of Projection

Multi-view orthographic projection is predominently used in engineering drawings. There aretwo systems, known as FIRST ANGLE and THIRD ANGLE, both based on a framework ofplanes at right angles. Both are approved internationally and have equal status. The systemof projection used on a drawing should be indicated by the appropriate symbol (see Figure 01).

d 1¼ d

Ø d30°

Projection

First Angle

Third Angle

Symbol

Figure 01 Symbols indicating Method of Projection

Recommended Proportions

Comparison of First and Third Angle Projection

A

Figure 02 Comparison of Projections

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

VIEW A VIEW A

In FIRST ANGLE projection each view shows what would be seen by looking on thefar side of an adjacent view

In THIRD ANGLE projection each view shows what would be seen by looking on thenear side of an adjacent view.

Appendix A

MAW Design ServicesAppendix 01-2


Principles of 1st Angle Orthographic Projection

Principles of 3rd Angle Orthographic Projection

Figure 03 First Angle Orthographic Projection

Figure 04 Third Angle Orthographic Projection

MAW Design Services Appendix 01-3


Appendix B

Autodesk Inventor / Windows Keyboard ShortcutsAutodesk Inventor has many predefined shortcut keys - some of the commonly used shortcutsare listed below.

Control Other Description CategoryKeys Keys

CTRL+A Selects All items. Global

CTRL+C Copies selected items to the Clipboard. Global

CTRL+F Find. Global

CTRL+N Create a new document. Global

CTRL+O Open a new document. Global

CTRL+P Print the active document. Global

CTRL+S Save the active document. Global

CTRL+V Pastes data from Clipboard to the active document. Global

CTRL+X Cuts selected items to the Clipboard. Global

CTRL+Y Redo - performs the operation cancelled by Undo. Global

CTRL+Z Undo - undoes the last operation. Global

F1 Displays Autodesk Inventor Help. Global

F2 Pans the Graphics Window. Global

F3 Zooms in or out in the Graphics Window. Global

F4 Rotates objects in the Graphics Window. Global

F5 Returns to the previous view. Global

F6 Isometric View. Global

F7 Slice Graphics. Sketch

F8 Display all Constraints. Sketch

F9 Hide all Constraints. Sketch

B Adds a balloon reference to a drawing. DrawingC Creates a Center Point Circle. SketchC Activates the Constraint command. AssemblyD Activates the General Dimension command. Sketch / DrawingE Extrudes a profile. PartF Adds a Fillet feature. Part / AssemblyH Adds a hole feature. Part / AssemblyL Creates a line or arc. SketchM Activates the Move Component command. AssemblyN Creates a component in the current assembly. AssemblyP Places a component in the current assembly. AssemblyQ Creates an iMate. AssemblyR Creates a revolved feature. Part / AssemblyS Creates a 2D sketch on a face or plane. Sketch / Part / AssemblyT Adds text in Sketch mode. Sketch / DrawingX Call up the Trim tool in Sketch mode. SketchEsc Cancel - quits a command. GlobalDelete Deletes selected objects. Global

MAW Design ServicesAppendix 01-4



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