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OPEN KNOWLEDGEPaola Di Maio, University of StrathclydeOKCon 28 March 2009, UCL Spatial Institute
CONTENTS:
• About ‘openness’• Openness and Technology• Ontology, and Open Ontology• Shared Vocabularies as a Path to Opening Up Knowledge Representation
ABOUT OPENNESS
'OPEN' phenomenon very interesting!
Hard to define: what is openness?The systems thinking view of openness is:
“An open system is a state in which a system continuously interacts with its environment. Open systems are those that
maintain their state and exhibit the characteristics of openness (wikipedia).”
Openness can be defined by:1.context dependency (science, politics, education, technology etc)
2.multidimensionality
3. less constraints
4. flexible boundaries
5. Degree of Interaction
Openness is enabled by :Technologies such as internet, web
Networked technologies help to maximise and make use of interactions
OPENNESS REQUIRES SUITABLE INFORMATION ARCHITECTURES
TRANS-, CROSS-, MULTI-, INTER- DISCIPLINARITY
INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
ONTOLOGIES - Ontologies are used in support of complex information systems development and management. - They consist of semantic and logical constraints defined by: domain boundaries, axioms, classes, relations, vocabularies. Traditionally, they have been 'authoritative' and 'top down'. - Trend Toward OPEN ONTOLOGY trend(PROJECTS: myontology, viewbased ontology, various folksonomies, oOR etc)
A definition of Open Ontology:http://p2pfoundation.net/Open_Ontology
OPEN ONTOLOGY REQUIREMENTS / 1How can you tell if an ontology is open?
It should:
• declare what high level knowledge (upper level ontology) it references
•state explicitly the 'sources of knowledge' (aka , provenance of axioms)
•state what kind of reasoning/inference supports/it is based on, support queries via natural language as well as machine language,
• be visible, searchable and support queries via a Web based interface that does not require any plug-in and API for users to download,
• allow users to provide feedback that should be taken into account in subsequent iterations, be documented and annotated, and available in different file formats including Open Document
OPEN ONTOLOGY REQUIREMENTS/2
More Possibilities: It should
•be 'easy to understand' by generic users without specialized skills and guidelines should be provided as how it can be used to support development practices,
• be implementation and platform independent; this means, for example that an ontology should not only exist encoded as OWL/RDF but expressed and formalized in a format that can be understood and reused by alternative ontology languages
• support one view of the world if required, and allow for simultaneous multiple views, meaning that it should aim to be perfectly elastic, flexible and adaptable,
• take into account language and cultural diversity, and corresponding different value systems and knowledge representation requirements,
• be supported by tutorials and educational materials at different levels of specialization
SHARED VOCABULARIES
1.Common, agreed definitions of terms in use by a community
2.Shared understanding of roles and properties identified with the terms in use
2. Semantic mappings/clusters among different vocabularies
3. Definition of schemas and formats4. Accessible, interpretable, usable
See Vocamp.org (open community!)Knoodl.com (emergency management vocabulary part the of EIIF W3C
Incubator group)
MY CURRENT PROJECTS
• Networked Architectures
• Systems of Systems
• Open Ontologies
• Knowledge Reuse and Learning
• Human Aspects of Semantic Technologies
• Keep the open flowing
• Let's talk
• Find me on Linkedin, Facebook Skype
• myNamedotsurname @ gmail