Open G-Cloud...come in...we're Open!

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Open Open G-CloudG-Cloud

…… come in come in…… wewe’’re re Open!Open!

Flavia Marzanoflavia (.) marzano (@) gmail (.) com

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Cloud Computing Definition“Cloud-Computing is aconvenient, on demandmodel for network access to ashared pool of configurablecomputing resources (e.g.,networks, servers, storage,applications, and services) thatcan be rapidly provisionedand released with minimalmanagement effort orservice provider interaction.”

(US Agency National Institute of Standardsand Technology, NIST, http://www.nist.gov)

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The Cloud Analysts• IDC: By 2012, customer spending on IT cloud

services will grow almost threefold, to $42 billion.• Gartner: 25% of New Business Software Will Be

Delivered As Software As A Service by 2011• McKinsey: il Cloud computing non è

economicamente vantaggioso per le grandiaziende

• Forrester: by 2016 the market USA $12 billion,with 196 milion users

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Forrester

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Openness and data control 1

Openness: a basic concept and a fundamental goalfor all the stakeholders (users/consumers,enterprises, Public Administrations)

User• should be able to control the data they store in

any product on the Cloud• must be able to get data back and to change

cloud supplier at any time and without costs (orwith limited costs) and they must be able tobackup data also on their own computer (localbackup) and choosing terms and conditions.

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Business oriented cloudproviders will also benefit fromopenness because people feelsafer when they have control(people feel safer driving carsthan flying even if it is moredangerous, just because theyhave direct control).When customers are locked inthey usually are not happy andthey not always get back to thesuppliers who locked them in.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/orsorama/48429731/

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Public Administrations• afraid of the lock in that they have already

experimented with the proprietary software• PAs need open standards, open formats, open

data, and open source software, that should bethe default solutions.

• PAs need that the terms and conditions for theuse of cloud services include a clear and welldefined exit strategy.

• PAs might get better benefits from CloudComputing by adopting private or communityclouds.

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Technical aspectsAll users have multiple suppliers and therefore needinteroperability.European community and member Statesestablished norms and regulations in order thatinteroperability be granted by software and servicessuppliers, even on the cloud.Technologies must be as neutral as possible toensure the highest levels of interoperability and togrant an easy and cheap (or better costless)transition from a solution to another one, from acloud service provider to another one.

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Open solutionsTo this purpose it is almost unavoidable to adoptopen solutions like: Open standards (as defined by

IETF, ISO, IEC, and ITU-T) Open formats (essential for

data import and export - Opendata (including open accessand open government data)

Open source software (also toreduce switching costs)

Open web (implementation ofopenness in web solutions andregulations)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/creativecaos/2457990730/

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Implementation…Implementation requires creation of very simple tools(clickable buttons) allowing user:

Import / Export of data and services from/toany platform, application, infrastructure, service

Delete data, information, applications…

without costs and effortswithout the need of additional computer power

Broadband is a precondition!

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Convergence of media(especially mobile ones) isanother element pushingtowards standardization andfacilitation of data controland easy transfer by users.Cloud computing is alsochanging the role of ITmanagers and CIOs becausethey are no longer in charge ofmanaging all hardware andsoftware but they must be ableto handle and monitor thenetwork and the cloud services. http://www.flickr.com/photos/aldoaldoz/4157

667506/

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Economic aspects• Openness favours free market and competition• Competition increase quality• Lack of lock-in increases customer trust and

therefore it favours active fidelisation• Customers do not feel trapped and as a

consequence they are more ready to accept newoffers by their supplier

• Reduction (and transparency) of switchingcosts is a condition for full fruition of the benefitscoming from openness in Cloud Computing

• PAs, in adopting Cloud Computing solutions, canoffer business opportunities to localenterprises

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Advantages Advantages of of Cloud Cloud ComputingComputing

• Scale economy in acquisition and maintenance• Cost and waste reduction• Pay per use• Scalability, flexibility, efficiency• Business continuity and interoperability• Massive storage capacity• Independence from local hardware and software

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Advantages Advantages of of Cloud Cloud ComputingComputing

• De-localized access• Increased competitiveness for SMEs• Unified governance in PAs• Higher security levels• Easy data exchange between PAs easy• Data retrieval and use in emergency situations

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Neelie KroesNeelie Kroes, VP E, VP EU U commissioncommission

and responsible for the Digital Agenda:“Users must be able to change their cloud provideras fast and easily as changing one’s Internet ormobile-phone provider has become in manyplaces. Interoperability is essential for the cloudto be fair, open and competitive. Internationalstandardization efforts will have a huge impact onCloud Computing. Open specifications are a keyin creating competitive and flourishing markets thatdeliver what customers need.”

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Legal frameworkLegal framework: : concernsconcerns• ownership and management (e.g. control,

deletion, maintenance) of data resulting fromcollective production…

• privacy and ownership (sensible personal data)• difficulty in switching cloud provider• responsibility in case of data loss• security of data• jurisdiction• copyright protection

http://www.ecologiae.com/riscaldamento-globale-disastri-naturali/12550/

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No No Cloud Cloud in in DenmarkDenmark??

Foto: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nivesevin/443523541/#/photos/nivesevin/443523541/lightbox/

recommends the use of ENISA’s(EU Network and InformationSecurity Agency) checklist(included in the publication “Cloudcomputing – Benefits, risks andrecommendations for informationsecurity”).

Cloud Computing rejected by DPA, the Danish DataProtection Agency on February 2011. DPA rejectsthe Municipality of Odense’s use of cloud computingto store certain sensitive information, primarily due toimportant security issues and

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technology• Legal protection of data• Data cannot be searched, seized and violated by

any authority without reasonable justification andlegal permission

• Data cannot be used by an unidentified user,without previous permission, and for purposesdifferent from those allowed by their owner

Legal frameworkLegal framework: : recommendationsrecommendations

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loud • Users must be allowed to know where their data

are stored and which technologies are needed tohandle them

• The provider’s business model must be declaredand transparent

• Portability and interoperability must be legallyensured

• The possibility of fast and cheap switching mustbe legally ensured


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legally enforced• Technological barriers (digital divide) must be

reduced• Terms of use must be fair also in Cloud

Computing• SLA (Service Level Agreement) must be explicit

and must include a complete and transparent listof services offered


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loud • Specific norms are needed in case of provider

bankrupt in order to ensure recovery of publicdata

• Providers must be legally protected againstmassive and unjustified input of data by users

• EU commission must define regulations andpolicies following the evolution of the technologicalcontext and the privacy framework must constantlyupdated in order to leave space to innovation

• International standards must be flexible enoughto ensure the possibility of innovation


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……at at leastleast……a. What do I buy? Services, software, hardware,…b. Pay per use? What dust be included in the

balance?c. Which SLA (Service Level Agreement)?

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OpennessOpenness... link... link• Open Cloud Manifesto:http://www.opencloudmanifesto.org

• Open G-Cloud Linkedin group:www.linkedin.com/groups/Open-GCloud

• Open G-Cloud Facebook group:www.facebook.com/groups/196370897070556/

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This presentation

This presentation, in , in its origial parts

its origial parts, , is released

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under a Creative Commons License

Commons License

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org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2..5/it/legalcode

5/it/legalcode

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention!!

Flavia Marzanoflavia -dot- marzano -at- gmail -dot- com

Open G-Cloud...come in...we're Open!

Technology

Transcript of Open G-Cloud...come in...we're Open!