OPEN FILE! COPY

HYDROLOGIC STUDIES SECflON " SURFACE WATER BRANCH

, V.

. ao to Oct. 10,

APBXt 1956

£:-

ganavha Kivar, W. ?a.

Maan Daily Discharge at Selected Points

Sept. 20 to Oct. ID, 191*9

tfce Water Pollution Control Section, !tepsrt»ent of Health,

Education, and Welfare, Cincinnati, Ohio has requested tha District

.Office* Vater Resource a Division, Charleston, W* Vo, f to furnish daily

discharge at selacted polrta on tha Kannwha Biver. thaea data ara oaadad

i» oonneotioo with en aaalytis of pollutional problawa in tha &an«vha River*

Tha «nalyais is baing prepared for iho Corps of &nginaarsf 0. S« Aroy*

Raoorda of daily dleeharga hove baen collected on tha Kanrwha

Rivor at Ka^a^ha Fa Hi, or comparable aita, einca Hftreh 1877 thosa records

including moaentary stiniftun diaohargaa hava been published through Sapt* 30,

Raoorda of discharge on the ganawha Hivsr at CharleBton hfiTe bean

collected ainoa June 1939 end publieh®4 through Sapt« 30, 1953* Oanaraliy*

only thosa daily discharges axoaading 10, (XX) cubic faat par saeond hava been

publiahad as such* Diacharg as below that figure hava generally baan publish*^

ad as fiva*day avoragdi, since tha stf*£a»slope»di8eharga relationship bacci&oa

Indefinite at tha lower diachargaaf du& principally to operation of the hydro­

electric plants*

Continuous records of stage In the forebay and tailrace at each of

the three hydro-electric plants on the Kanawha River are available In ad­

dition, a continuous record of stage on the Ohio River Is obtained at a point

O.U mile upstream from the mouth of Kanawha River. The lock and dam at Galli-

polis, Ohio, controls the pool at the above point as well as the pool in the

Kanawha River below the look and dam at Winfield.

ihe hydro-electric plants are usually* operated from a central con-

trol station. The plants are operated in a manner to maintain the navigable

pools above Winfield and Marmet within a 1-foot range. A 3-foot range is per- «

mltted above Iiondon. The plants are therefore run-of-the-river within the

limitations of storage draw-down mentioned. Consequently, there is relative­

ly small change between the instantaneous pool stages at midnight on succes­

sive days when the river discharge is constant. However, there is usually

some fluctuation in the pool stages during the day, due principally to oper­

ation of the power plants with minor changes caused by operation of the locks.

There are 2,052 square miles of intervening drainage area between

the gaging stations at Kanawha Falls end Charleston, the runoff from l,Hi5>

square miles of which is measured at the gaging station on Elk River at Queen

Shoals.

There are l,82ii square miles of intervening drainage area between

the gaging station at Charleston and the mouth of Kanawha River at Point Pleas­

ant. The gaging stations on Coal River at Ashford, 393 square miles, Little

Coal River at Danville, 270 square miles, and Pooatalico River at Sissonville, \

236 square miles, measure the runoff from a total of 901 square miles of this

intervening area.

Supplemental measurements of the discharge of several ungaged tribu­

taries to the Kanawha River have been made slnoe 19U6.

COH?UTATION OF DISCHARGE

Computation of daily ttean discharge at selected points on tike Kana-

wha River has been wade as the em of dally ttean discharge at Kamnha Falls,

plus or minus the change In discharge due to change In storage In the pool

above the point, plus the discharge froa the Intervoning gaged area above the

point, plus the estimated discharge froci the intervening ongaged area above

the point*

Discharge at Kansvha falls was determined frca the gaging station

record at that point*

Change in the etorsfe i» the pod areas was computed as a function

of the recorded change In stage in the pool and the average area of the pool

as moasttred from Kfmavha Klvor survey charts made by the Corps of Engineers,

$ S, Arasy*

Discharge from the Intervening gaged artas was detemined £rom the

gaging station records on Elk Elver at Queen Shoals, Coal Elver at Irhford,

Little Coal River at Danville, find Focatalieo River at Sliconvillo,

EetliRfitod diecharge frora tha intervening vmgsged areas was computed

on the basis of discharge from the gaged areas end fro» curves of relation*

The curves of relation vere based on the comparison of supplemental dlacharge

measure9«nt* of several unpaged areas with the discharge from one of the gaged

areas on the aasie day*

Results of the computation of daily discharge at selected points en

the Karowha River during the period Sept, 20 to Oct. 10, 19k9 fire ohotm In th»

attached table, ^

Records for the gaging station at lock 6 at Charleston have

been published previously in the form of 5-day averages in Water-supply

Papers Illi3 and 1173* By use of the figures of daily discharge given

herein, the 5-day average discharges will differ slightly from those

published in the water-supply papers. However, the effect on the

published monthly mean discharges is so small that the published

figures will not be considered as revised*

RIVER

Dall

y Aeai* Discharge

at Selected Points

Sept* 20

- O

ct*

10,

Dat

e

9/2

0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30JO

/I 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 10

Kan

awha

F

ail

s

Dls

ch.c

fs

5*50

05,

700

5,16

04,

5*0

4,90

04,

380

3*61

^03*

*90

4*13

04,

380

5*97

08,

5M>

5*84

05*

160

4*64

05,

050

4*90

04*

64o

4,26

04,

64o

4,oo

o

Lon

don

Dam

Dls

ch.c

fs,

5*32

05*

800

5,18

04

,52

04

,80

04,

»4o

4,15

03,

000

4,*9

04,

480

5*79

09*

i*4Q

5,49

05*

240

4*22

05*

«80

4,9

20

4*87

04*

380

4,37

03,

920

Che

lyaf

t B

rld|e

Dls

ch.c

fs,

5,36

05*

867

5,2

00

4,54

04*

830

4,*6

o4,

150

3*o6

o4,2

00

4,59

05*

9*o

9*76

05*

610

5*35

04,

250

5*28

04,

960

4,92

04,

450

4,38

05*

920

Mar

met

Dam

Dls

ch.c

fs.

5*37

05*

900

5*20

04,

&Q

4*8M

>4,

i6o

4,*4

o3*

090

4,2

00

4,64

o5*

910

9*92

05,

£4o

5*39

04

,21

0

5,33

04,

960

4,s4

o4,

480

4,38

03,

9io

Char

lest

on

belo

w m

outh

E

lk R

iver

Dls

ch*

cfs

.

5*48

06,

190

5*34

o4*

780

5*05

04*

5*0

4,26

03*

230

4*29

04*

800

6,05

0ft

, 290

7*24

06,

370

4*66

05*

790

5*^2

05*

24o

4*74

o4*

700

4,0

20

Ch

arle

sto

nlo

ck 6

Dts

ch.c

fs.

5,47

06,

220

5*32

04*

790

5*05

04*

3*0

4,24

o3,

24o

4,2

80

4,9o

o6,

000

11,2

707*

290

6,38

04,

860

5*78

05*

450

5*24

04*

740

4,7i

o3*

990

Wln

fiel

dCt

erra

5*5*

06,

4oo

5*32

04,

870

5**4

o4*

350

4**9

03*

350

4*34

05*

*70

6,55

01 1

,680

7,87

06,

560

5,0

30

5*76

05*

620

5*38

04.

830

4,Q

6o3*

900

Poin

t P

leas

ant

Dls

ch.c

fs*

5*3*

07*

220

4*24

0

5*7*

04*

4BO

4*36

05*

070

2,96

04,2

00

4,93

06,

190

10,9

308,

550

7,02

05,

550

5,90

05*

350

5*38

04*

500

5,21

04,

060

Hote

s The

disc

harg

e at

the se

lect

ed p

oint

s wa

s computed as t

he sum of

the di

scha

rge

at K

anawha Fa

lls,

pl

us or

minus

the ch

ange

In

dis

char

ge d

ue to

change

In s

torage In the

pool

above

the

point, plus

the

disc

harg

e fr

om t

he Inte

rven

ing

gage

d ar

ea above the

poin

t, plus the

esti

mate

d discharge

from

th

e Intervening

ungaged

area

above the

point.

KANAWHA RIVER, W. VA.

Dally Wean Discharge at Selected Points

Sept. 20 - Oct. 10, I9U9

General - Method of computing the daily mean discharge for

selected points on the Kanawha River,

The gage on Kanawha River at Kanawha Falls, W. Va. is located

above the navigation and power pool formed by the London Dam and the

records are considered "excellent".

Using the daily mean discharge as the flow entering the head of

Reach No. I, Kanawha Falls to London Dam, the discharge was computed

as the flow at Kanawha Falls plus or minus the change in storage in

the navigation and power pool above the dam, plus the estimated inflow

from the ungaged area. For each succeeding reach the discharge, at

the end of the Reach, is the summation of the discharge entering the

Reach, plus or minus the discharge represented by the change in storage

in the Reach, plus the inflow measured at gaging stations, plus the

estimated inflow from ungaged areas.

Change tn Storage Computations.- There are three dams on the

Kanawha River and the Gallipolis Dam on the Ohio River that provide

pools for navigation on the Kanawha River.

The three dams on the Kanawha River, in addition to supplying

water for navigation and lockages around the dams, also supply water

for MRun-of-the-ri ver 1* hydroelectric plant at each dam. Since the

fluctuations of the water surface is controlled within narrow limits,

there is relatively small change in stage between the instantaneous

midnight gage readings on successive days. (The stages change during

the day but tend to be very nearly the same on successive midnights).

Continuous automatic water-stage recorders are located at each

end of each pool, with the ' except I on of the head of London pool

(Reach No. I). For the poo! from Winfield Dam to Marmet Dam, the water-

stage recorders for the slope station at Charleston, W, Va. give inter­

mediate stages in this pool (Reach U, Ua and 5). For the pool from

Gallipolis Dam to Winfield Dam, the water-stage recorder at Pt. Pleasant,

located on highway bridge over the Ohio River and just above the mouth

of the Kanawha River, records stages at the mouth of the Kanawha River

for Reach No. 6.

The water surface area In each reach was determined from Kanawha

River survey charts to a scale of one inch equals 200 feet, made by

the Corps of Engineers.

-2-

The width of the navigation pool was scaled at one tenth (O.I)

mile intervals to obtain the average width in the reach, which in turn

was multiplied by the length of the reach. To this area the water

surface area in the mouths of the tributaries, at pool level, was

computed and added to obtain the total water surface area. The flow

required to raise the water surface one foot in 2k hours was computed.

To obtain the change in storage the average change in stage in the

reach was multiplied by the rate of flow required to produce a one-

hundredths foot change in the pool.

Computation of inflow.- The three main tributaries of the Kanawha

River; Elk River, Coal River and Pocatalico River, are gaged as part

of the water-resources program of West Virginia.

The Elk River (Reach Lj.), with a drainage area of 1,533 square

miles, is gaged at Queen Shoals where the drainage area is I,lU5 square

miles. The Coal River, entering Reach 5* has a total drainage area of

890 square miles of which 393 square miles is above the gaging station

on Coal River at Ashford and 270 square miles is above the gaging

station on Little, Coal River at Danville.

The Pocatalico River, entering Reach No. 5* has a total drainage

area of 35& square miles, of which 238 square miles is above the gaging

station at Sissonville.

The discharge at the gaging stations was used direct in some

instances and the unit flow per square mile was also used in

conjunction with supplementary discharge measurements on minor

tributaries to estimate the runoff of ungaged areas.

Supplementary discharge measurements have been made on some

ungaged tributaries since I9^£« On such tributaries, where there were

six or more supplementary measurements, curves of relation were con­

structed between the unit runoff of the tributary stream or streams,

and the unit runoff at gaging stations as determined from the daily

mean discharge on the date of the supplemental discharge measurement.

The procedure is discussed in more detail in the description of

each Reach.

Other supplemental discharge measurements have been made on the

lesser tributaries but were not used in this study.

-k-

KANAWHA RIVER

Change in Storage Study

Kanawha River at Kanawha Falls, V/, Va.

Location.- - Lat 38°08»20W , long 8I°I2»U5W , on right bank 150 feet

downstream from toll bridge, three-quarters of a mile downstream

from the village of Kanawha Falls, Fayette County, 2 miles down­

stream from Gauley Bridge, and 2 miles downstream from confluence

of New River and Gaul ay River.

Drainage area.- - 8,36? square miles.

Gage.- - Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 623.20 feet above mean

sea level, datum of 1929- Prior to October 2?, 1928, staff gage at

several sites within nine miles of present site at various datums.

Records available.- - March 1877 to Sept. 30, 1955. October 1916 to

September 1918 and October 1927 to October 1928 published as tt at

lock 2, Montgomery".

Remarks.- - Records excellent. Flow partly regulated since 1939 by

Claytor Reservoir and since I9U9 by Bluestone Reservoir (combined

capacity 856,000 acre-feet).

KANAWHA RIVER AT CHARLESTON, W. VA.

A stream gaging station has been maintained on Kariawha River at

Charleston, W. Va. from June 1939 to date, utilizing two continuous

water-stage recorders to determine the slope of the water surface in

the reach. Below a discharge of 10,000 cubic-feet per second, the

slope-stage-discharge relation tends to become indefinite and daily

discharges are not published; instead five-day averages are published.

These five-day averages are computed by the regular slope-stage-

discharge method or from records obtained at Kanawha Falls plus the

measured inflow at Queen Shoals plus an estimate of the ungaged inflow

based on a drainage area ratio (I .ij. times the sum of the discharge at

Ashford and Sissonv?11e).

KANAWHA RIVER

"' / Change in Storage Study .-' f

Reach No. I

Location.- - Kanawha Falls to London Dam.

Gages.- - Automatic water-stage recorder, Kanawha River at Kanawha

Falls, W. Va. Water-stage recorder on left bank ij.00 feet above

London Dam.j.Vr^ v tr~ ^ '

Dramage areas.- - ^Jv > iS''

Drainage area at Kanawha Falls 8,3^7 square miles

Drainage area at London Dam 8,i|90 square miles

Intervening area 123 square miles

Inflow into Reach.- - There are no gaging stations on tributaries in

the reach.

Supplementary gaging points.- Seven discharge measurements have

been .made on Loop Creek in the vicinity of Kincaid, W. Va. A curve

of relation based on the unit runoff indicated by the supplementary

measurements and the unit runoff for the daily mean discharge at

Coal River at Ashford, W. Va. The inflow was computed by taking

the unit runoff at Kincaid from thisicurve of relation and multiplying

it by the intervening ungaged area of 123 square miles.

o^v-v

*

UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYFiieNo.

Washington _.__

District ....____

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KANAWHA RIVER

Change in Storage Study

Reach No. 2

Location.- - London Dam to Chelyan bridge.

Gages.- - Upper gage is automatic water-stage recorder located 200 ft

downstream from the London Dam. Lower gage is a water-stage recorder

located 220 feet upstream from the Marmet Dam, and six miles below

Chelyan bridge.

Drainage areas.- -

Drainage area at London Dam 8,U90 square miles

Drainage area below mouth of Cabin Creek 8,735 square miles

Intervening area . 2l±5 square miles

Inflow into Reach.- - There are no gaging stations on tributaries in the

reach.

Supplementary gaging points.- Seven discharge measurements have

been made on Paint Creek in the vicinity of Kingston, W, Va. ando n C0b /sj C met<

seven discharge measurements have been made ..in the vicinity of Eskdale,

W. Va. Curves of relation were drawn for the unit runoff of these

tv/o tributaries as indicated by the supplementary measurements and

the unit runoff for the daily mean discharge for Coal River at Ashford.

Methods of estimating inflow from ungaged areas.- - The estimated runoff

per square mile iwas computed for each of the two tributaries at the

miscellaneous measuring sites using the respective curves of relation.

The runoff per square mile of the tributaries was then averaged and

used as the average runoff per square mile of the intervening drainage

area. The estimated inflow was found by multiplying the average

runoff per square mile by the intervening drainage area of 2l|5 square

miles. An alternate method was investigated that indicated better

results might be obtained by one curve of relation based on the sum .

of the discharges at the two miscellaneous sites divided by the sum

of the drainage areas at the sites, plotted against the unit runoff

at Ashford. As there were too few simultaneous measurements on

the tributary, the points were considered too few to be conclusive.

However, the result of method No. 2 plotted against Method No. I

showed good consistency and would be less laborious to compute in

cases of long periods of summation computations.

T#-

UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fne No. P"hul«toa -

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I Dutrict

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KANAWHA RIVER

Change in Storage Study

Reach No. 3

Location.- - Chelyan bridge to Marmet dam.

Gages.- - Upper gage is automatic water-stage recorder located 200 ft

downstream from the London dam. Lower gage is a water-stage recorder

located 220 feet upstream from the Marmet dam, and six miles below

Chelyan bridge.

Drainage areas.- -

Drainage area to and including mouth

of Cabin Creek 8*735 square miles

Drainage area at Alarmet dam 8,8l6 square miles

Intervening area 81 square miles

Inflow into Reach.- - There are no gaging stations on tributaries in

the reach.

Supplementary gaging points.- None.

Atethod of estimatinq inflow from uncaaed areas.- The same unit\J -*J o

runoff as computed for Reach No. 2 v/as assumed to apply in this reach,

and the estimated inflow was computed by multiplying the average

unit runoff as determined by curve of relation of Eskdale plus

Kingston, times the intervening area of 81 square miles.

s-rso UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYFile No.

f Washington _._

1 District .... .. .

KANAV/HA RIVER

Change in Storage Study

Reach No. Ij.

Location.- - Marmet dam to Charleston upper gage (below mouth of Elk

River).

Gages.- - Upper gage is water-stage recorder located 50 feet downstream

from the Marmet dam. Lower gage is automatic water-stage recorder

on left bank 0.5 mile downstream from Elk River and 3 miles upstream

from gage at Kanawha River at Charleston (lock 6).

Drainage areas.- -

Drainage area at Atermet dam 8,8l6 square miles

Drainage area at Charleston gage (upper) IO,1|I9 square miles

Intervening area 1*603 square miles

Gaged area, Elk River at Queen Shoals 1*1^5 square miles

Ungaged intervening area i;58 square miles

Inflow into Reach.- - The station on Elk River at Queen Shoals is the

only-gaged tributary in this reach.

Supplementary gaging points.- There were no supplementary gaging

points made on minor tributaries.

Method of estimating inflow from ungaged area.- The unit runoff of

the ungaged area was assumed to be the same as the average unit runoff

of the sum of the discharge at Coal River at Ashford plus Pocatalico

River at Sissonville divided by the sum of the two drainage areas

multiplied by the intervening drainage area of L^Q square miles.

Coal River at Ashford and Pocatalico River at Sissonville were used

as representative records because of their location on opposite banks

of the Kanawha River and their relatively small drainage areas.

UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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KANAWHA RIVER

Change in Storage Study

Reach No. i|-A

Location.- - Kanawha River at Charleston upper (below mouth of Elk

River) and Kanawha River at Charleston, lock 6.

Gages.- - Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is ^8.00 feet above

mean sea level, datum of 1929 (levels by Corps of Engineers).

Auxiliary v/ater-stage recorder on left bank 0.5 mile downstream

from Elk River and 3 miles upstream from base gage.

Drainage area.- - Drainage area at the Charleston gage, I0,lf.l9 square

mileSi As the gages are only 3 miles apart and there Is practically

no Intervening area, the inflow into the reach was disregarded.

KANAWHA RIVER

Change In Storage Study

Reach No. 5

Location.- - Charleston cage to Winfield dam.

Gages.- - Water-stage recorder located at Kanawha River at Charleston

(old lock 6) and lower gage is automatic water-stage recorder on

left bank 300 feet upstream from Winfield dam.

Drainage area.- -

Drainage area at Charleston gage I0,iil9 sq mi

Drainage area at Winfield dam 11,810 sq mi

Intervening area 1*391 sq mi

Gaged drainage area

Coal River at Ashford 393

Little Coal River at Danville 270

Pocatalico River at Sissonville 238 . 901 sq mi

Normally ungaged intervening drainage area Ij.90 sq m i =-

Drainage area gaged by supplementary dis­

charge measurements, Coal River at Tornado:

Coal River at Tornado 86 1

-5T J Coal River at Ashford ^^ ----- - - 663 ~

" M ./ " """ " " " --\ h//f *^Little Coal River at DanvilUA __ ... 198 * 198 sq mi?( (*^$. ^ "-*-<!u />'<n.xy i4*,w&.j~ ^.f-'p-vCx^. "" . ~~ "" Ungaged intervening drainage area to be estimated . 292 sq mi - ^

Drainage area Pocatalico River sources to mouth 356 sq mi

Inflow into reach.- - There are three gaging stations on tributaries

entering the reach; namely, Coal River at Ashford, Little Coal River

at Danville and Pocatalico River at Sissonville.

Supplementary gaging points.- Twelve discharge measurements have

been made on Coal River in the vicinity of Tornado, W. Va. A curve

of relation was drawn between the unit discharge indicated by

supplementary measurements at Tornado, and the sum of the discharge

at Ashford plus Danville divided by the sum of the two drainage areas.

The ungaged inflow was estimated as follows: A curve of relation

based on the unit runoff indicated by the supplementary measurements

for Coal River at Tornado and the unit runoff of the summation of the

unit discharge at the gaging stations at Ashford plus Sissonville,

divided by the summation of the two drainage areas and multiplied by

the ungaged area of 292 square miles. The total inflow intp the reach

is estimated by the summation of the discharge at Sissonville plus the

estimated discharge at Tornado plus the estimated inflow from the

Intervening area.

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GEOLOGICAL SURVEYPile No.

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KANAWHA RIVER

Change In Storage Study

Reach No. 6

Location.- - WinfJeld Dam to mouth of Kanawha River.

Gages.- - The upper gage is automatic water-stage recorder located 5C

feet downstream from the Winfield dam. The lower gage is automatic

water-stage recorder at bridge on U. S. highway 35 over the Ohio River

at Pt. Pleasant, W. Va., O.lj. mile upstream from Kanawha River. Datum

of gage is I,5ll4-.IO feet above mean sea level, Sandy Hook datum

(levels by Corps of Engineers).

Drainage areas.- -

Drainage area at VVinfield dam 11,810 square miles

Drainage area at mouth of Kanawha River I2,2lj.3 square miles

Intervening area 1^33 square miles

Inflow into reach.- - There are no gaging stations on tributaries in the

reach.

Supplementary gaging points.- None.

Atethod of estimating inflow for ungaged areas.- - Since the topography

and characteristics of the small tributaries in this reach are most

nearly similar to Pocatalico River at Sissonville or Mud River near

AUIton, the inflow into the reach was estimated by multiplying the

unit runoff at Sissonville by the total intervening area of i+33 square

miles.

9-880 UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYme NO.

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