Open Educational Resources: Implementation and Impact
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Transcript of Open Educational Resources: Implementation and Impact
Open Educational Resources: Implementation and Impact
David Wiley, PhDLumen Learning@opencontent
Unless otherwise notedthis presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0
education = sharing
sharing
what you know
sharing
feedback
sharing
encouragement
sharing
passion
sharing
yourself
“internet”
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
Distributing a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
unprecedented capacity
sharing
education = sharing
unprecedented capacity
education
except, it doesn’t
©
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
Distributing a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
CopyrightRegulates
Handwriting Printing Press Internet
Copying a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
Distributing a book
$1000s per copy
$1s per copy $0.0001s per copy
InternetEnables
CopyrightForbids
Open Educational Resources (OER)
Which “open”?
open ≈ free
the internet is already free to read / watch / listen to
open = a free grant of permissions
• Make and own a copyRetain• Use in a wide range of waysReuse• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise• Combine two or moreRemix• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
1. retain + redistribute = download and share for free
2. revise + remix = edit, improve, customize, collaborate
3. reuse = class, lab, study group, etc.
Implications of the 5Rs
• Make and own a copyRetain• Use in a wide range of waysReuse• Adapt, modify, and improveRevise• Combine two or moreRemix• Share with othersRedistribute
The 5Rs
Open
A free grant of the 5R permissions
“Faux-pen”
1. Free (but gated) access
2. All rights reserved PLUS Terms of Use
Cost to Students
Permissions for Faculty
and Students
Commercial Textbooks Expensive Restrictive
“The Web” MOOCs
Library Resources“Free” Restrictive
Open Educational Resources Free 5Rs
choosing traditionally © materials
InternetEnables
CopyrightForbids
choosing open educational resources
InternetEnables
OpenPermits
OER Examples
Full courses, complete textbooks, chapters, modules, videos, simulations, assessments, syllabi, etc.
OER Adoption
Replacing whatever was previously in the “Required Materials” section of your syllabus with OER
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
Textbook Pricing in Context
One Month Access to… Costs…Netflix – 20k Movies / TV Episodes $7.99 / monthSpotify – 15M Songs $9.99 / month
VitalSource – 1 Biology Textbook $28.37 / month
A Wizard of Earthsea
Textbooks written in disappearing ink
“Disappearing Ink” Strategies
Buyback, rental, e-booksonline subscriptions
The Academic Costs of Textbooks
48% take fewer courses
26% drop a course
21% withdraw from a course
66% go without textbooks
37% earn a poor grade
Retain and Redistribute
Solve the affordability problem
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
Open Pedagogy
Pedagogy distinguished by permissions?
“What does open allow me to do?”
Open Pedagogy• People learn through the things they do
• Copyright restricts what we’re allowed to do
• Copyright restricts how we can learn
• Open permits us to learn in new ways
Disposable Assignments
Students hate doing themFaculty hate grading themHuge missed opportunity
US college students spend approximately 40 million hours
doing homework every year
Renewable Assignments
Students see broader value in doing themFaculty see broader value in grading themThe work adds value to the world
Everyone wants to feel like their work matters
PM4ID
Renewable Assignments
Are enabled by the 5R permissions
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
metric
cost
A Multi-Institutional Study of the Impact of Open Textbook Adoption on the Learning Outcomes of Post-secondary Students
Fischer, Hilton, Robinson, and Wiley
Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)
Research Context
• 4,909 treatment• 11,818 control• 50 different undergraduate courses • 130 teachers• 10 US institutions
Methodology
Quasi-experimental design with:• Propensity score matched groups• Dependent variables: Completion; C or Better;
Credits Enrolled This Term; Credits Enrolled Next Term
• Independent variable: Textbook condition• 3 covariates: age, gender, and race
Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)
Credits TakenSemester OER Users Others Result
Fall 13.29 11.14 t (8101) = 27.81 p < .01
Winter 10.71 9.16 F(1, 6440) = 154.08, p <.01
Journal of Computing in Higher Education (2015)
Improving Course Throughput Rates and Open Educational Resources: Results from the Z Degree Program at Tidewater Community College
Hilton, Fischer, Wiley, and Williams
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (2016)
Course Throughput Rate
IRRODL (in press)
Drop Deadline
WithdrawDeadline
FinalGrade
Students
Commercial vs OER
2.3% | 1.8%
9.9% | 8.1%
68% | 74%
(Face to Face)
60% | 66%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTRIRRODL (in press)
Commercial vs OER
4.0% | 1.4%
13.7% | 13.1%
66% | 70%
(Online)
54% | 60%
Drop
Withdraw
C or Better
CTRIRRODL (in press)
A Preliminary Exploration of the Relationships Between Student-Created OER, Sustainability, and Students Success
Wiley, Tonks, Webb, and Weston
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (in press)
Research Context
• 181 middle and high school students• Online, public, charter school with a
commitment to OER• Course on Digital Photography
IRRODL (in press)
Methodology
• Students were invited to create / remix open tutorials, study guides, and games
• Extra credit or TA credit• From no to 5-10% student-created OER over
four years
• Compare student grades on course assignments
IRRODL (in press)
IRRODL (in press)
metric
cost
Cost-Savings Achieved in Two Semesters Through the Adoption of Open Educational Resources
Hilton, Robinson, Wiley and Ackerman
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning (2014)
Research Context
• 256 faculty at eight US colleges
• 194 taught using only TPM• 48 taught using only OER• 14 taught some courses using TPM,
others using OER
Methodology
• Review college bookstore website for each course
• Select the cheapest new print or new digital price from the bookstore, Amazon, and other options
Results
• On average, required TPM for a course cost US $90.61 per student
• Faculty received services supporting OER adoption valued at US $5 per student
• OER were 94% less expensive than TPM
The Tidewater Z-Degree and the INTRO Model for Sustaining OER Adoption
Wiley, Hilton, Williams, and DeMarte
Educational Policy Analysis Archives (2016)
INcreasedTuition Revenue through Open educational resources
INTRO Model
Tuition revenue retained (not refunded) due to decreases in drop rates
182 * .89 * $164.35 (in-state) * 3+ 182 * .11 * $358.95 (out-of-state) * 3
US $101,042 INTRO annually
INTRO at Tidewater
Education Policy Analysis Archives (2016)
metric
cost
metric
cost
• 6% higher Course Throughput Rate
• 2.15 credits higher enrollment intensity
• 94% lower textbook costs
• $100k tuition saved per year
impact.lumenlearning.com
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
Scale Vertically
“OER Degree” - Convert to OER at least one section of every course needed to earn a specific degree
Scale Vertically
OER degree initiatives like ATD (38),VCCS Zx23 (23), CA legislature (20)
For example, Housatonic CC
Scale Horizontally
Work to convert all sections of highest enrolling courses to OER
For example, Salt Lake CC
Scale Horizontally
An “Open General Education Pathway” benefits all students on campus, not just students in one degree
Successful Scaling
Requires strategic supportand investment
OER is “free like sunshine”
Open Educational Resources
A free grant of the 5R permissions
High Impact OER Adoption
1. Improves affordability, 2. Invigorates pedagogy,3. Improves student success, and4. Does it at scale
Discussion!
Lumen is Open
• All content we create is licensed CC BY• Our contracts require all joint work to be CC BY• Our platform for managing and integrating OER
with the LMS is open source• Our platform for delivering formative and
summative assessments and sending grades to the LMS is open source
• Our math homework platform is open source