OPEN ACCESS RESOURCES

Submitted byNeethu.T.S.Roll number:17

What is Open Access Movement ?

Began in the year 1990s

“ All the research findings should reach the society”

Fore runner of open access was Open Source

BackgroundMost of the research in the world is carried out using public funds.

But the paradox is that the result of these researches are published through journals brought out mostly by commercial publishers.

These journals are not only high priced but their prices also increases year by year at an alarming rate

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As a result most of the articles published in the journals remain inaccessible to the majority of the end users.The problem is more acute in the developing world.Even if all the journals are made available at the actual price, they may not be accessible to the users.The scientist have a moral obligation to make available the result of their research to the society at large.

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But the advent of ICT has made it possible to access the results of research without the intermediation like commercial publishers.

Open Access and Institutional Repositories are two ways by means we can access it.

OPEN ACCESS

"Open Access” is immediate, free and unrestricted access to digital materials.

Definitions of OA….

According to Peter Suber,

Open Access literature is digital , online, free of charge and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.

“ By Open Access we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full text of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself”.

According to Budapest Open Access Initiative…..

INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORIES an online locus for collecting, preserving, and

disseminating -in digital form -the intellectual output of an institution, particularly a university or research institution –

including materials such as research journal articles(either preprint or post print) , theses and dissertations, but it might also include other digital objects such as course notes or learning materials.

The main objectives for having an institutional repository are:to provide open access to institutional research output by self-archiving it;

to create global visibility for an institution's scholarly research;

Landmarks in OA Movement

Budapest Open Access Initiative(Feb. 14, 2002)

Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing(Apr. 11, 2003)

Berlin Declaration on OA to knowledge in the Science and Humanities(Oct. 22, 2003)

IFLA statement on OA to scholarly literature and research documentation(Dec 2003)

BUDAPEST OPEN ACCESS INITIATIVE By "open access“ to this literature, we mean its free

availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. . . .

Bethesda Statement on OA The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free,

irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.

A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving

Berlin Declaration on OA to knowledge in the Science and Humanities

In October 2003, the Conference on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities issued the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Science and Humanities.

IFLAs approach to open access

The mission of libraries is to enable individuals, groups and communities to create knowledge(in the widest sense of the concept) and thus improve society.

Free unlimited access to information is a prerequisite for libraries to fulfil this mission

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Universal and equitable access to information is vital for the social, educational, cultural, democratic, and economic well-being of people, communities, and organizations

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The predominant model of scholarly publishing (the subscription or reader pay model) is unfair, inefficient and unsustainable.

Open access constitutes promising developments that can improve societies.

Trends in OA Movement…..

OA Self Archiving

OA Publishing

Open Access Self Archiving

In OASA , authors publish their articles in a subscribed journal, but along with that they make their article available online freely by depicting this in an Institutional Repository, or a Central Repository (Where the freely accessible items are kept centrally)

PubMed Central it is a central repository where freely

available items are kept centrallycomprises more than 23 million citations

for biomedical literature , life science journals, and online books.

Citations may include links to full-text content

it is the U.S. National Institutes of Health free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature

Open Access Publishing

In OAP, authors publish their articles in Open Access Journals that make their article freely accessible online immediately on publication….Examples of OA Publishers are BioMed Central and PLOS

BioMed CentralBMC is a United Kingdom-based for-profit scientific

publisher specialising in open access journal publication.

founded in 2000 BioMed Central and its sister companies

Chemistry Central and PhysMath Central publish over 200 scientific journals.

first and largest open access science publisher

owned by Springer Science and Business Media

PLOS Begins in the year 2003 liberate tens of thousands of

research articles and to advance scientific discovery

Its Flagship Journals are PLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine

PLOS Genetics, PLOS Pathogens, and PLOS Computational Biology

Why OAP gaining popularity?.....

Openly accessible articles/publications more likely viewed by more number of people than print source.

This maximize their impact and visibility

No price barrier and permission barrier

Open Access Resources

“Open-access resources are those that can be accessed by anyone at any time without restraint.”

List of Links to OAR…..DIRECTORY OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS (DOAB)

DIRECTORY OF OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS(DOAJ)

DIRECTORY OF OPEN ACCESS

RESOURCES(openDOAR)

WORLD Wide Science.org

DOAB( Directory of Open Access Books) a discovery service for peer

reviewed books published under an open access licence.

provides a searchable index to the information about these books, with links to the full texts of the publications at the publisher's website or repository.

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)

The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) lists free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals, covering all subjects and languages.

aims to provide a comprehensive and authoritative list of academic open access repositories for end-users who wish to find particular archives or who wish to break down repositories by locale, content or other measures. Users can search for repositories by the following regions: Africa, Asia, Australasia, Caribbean, Central America, Europe, North America, and South America.

OpenDOAR

World Wide Science.org

Global science gateway providing one-stop searching of over 90 national and international scientific databases and portals from more than 70 countries.

CONCLUSIONIt is an opportunity for the world wide academic and research community to continue to learn about the potential benefits of open access , to share what they have learned with colleagues and to inspire wider participation in helping to make open access a new norm in scholarship and research.

References….. LIBRARIES WITHOUT WALL 5 :the distributed delivery

of library and Information Services.London,Facet Publishing

Edited by :Peter Brophy Shelagh Fisher Jenny Craven Open Access :An Introduction, by Keith G . Jeffery,

ERCIM News online edition, Jan .2006. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioMed_Central) http://wiki.lib.sun.ac.za/index.php/BOAI http://www.biomedcentral.com/