Open Access policies: An Overview
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Transcript of Open Access policies: An Overview
Open Access policies: An Overview.
Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access Program Manager, eIFL.net
Presented at the workshop “Open Access: How to improve accessibility, visibility and impact of your research outputs”, December 22, 2008,
Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
Open Access policies
Increasing number of Open Access policies from:
Research groupsResearch centers
UniversitiesFunding bodiesGovernments
National and international bodies
Funder policies - mandatesAustralian Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council, AustraliaFonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research Foundation Flanders)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)European Research Council (ERC)
Agence Nationale de la recherche (France)Health Research Board (HRB) of Ireland
Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering & TechnologySwiss National Science FoundationArthritis Research Foundation, UK
Arts and Humanities Research Council, UKBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK
British Heart FoundationCancer Research UK
Chief Scientist Office (Scottish Executive Health Department)Department of Health (UK)
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UKJISC (Joint Information Systems Committee), UK
Medical Research Council (MRC), UKNational Environmental Research Council (NERC), UK
Science & Technology Facilities Council, UKWellcome Trust, UK
National Institutes of Health (NIH), USAHoward Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)
The USA The U.S. National Institutes of Health, the single largest funder of research in the U.S with an annual budget of $28.9 billion USD, implemented a policy
requiring that its grant recipients make articles resulting from any NIH funding publicly available
within 12 months of publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
This policy, passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by the President, went into effect in April of
2008. (Alliance for Taxpayer Access, Worldwide momentum for policies supporting public access
to publicly funded research)
The European Research CouncilIn January of 2008 The European Research Council (ERC) implemented a mandatory public access policy
for its funded researchers. The policy states:
“Requires that all peer-reviewed publications from ERC-funded research projects be deposited on
publication into an appropriate research repository where available, such as PubMed Central, ArXiv or an
institutional repository, and subsequently made Open Access within 6 months of publication.”
(Alliance for Taxpayer Access, Worldwide momentum for policies supporting public access to publicly funded research)
Proposed Funder mandates
European CommissionEuropean Research Advisory Board (EURAB)
European University Association (EUA)National Knowledge Commission, India
Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA), USA
European University AssociationUniversities should develop institutional policies
and strategies that foster the availability of their quality-controlled research results for
the broadest possible range of users, maximising their visibility, accessibility and
scientific impact.
The basic approach …should be the creation of an institutional repository or participation in a
shared repository.. http://www.eua.be/fileadmin
/user_upload/files/Policy_Positions/Recommendations_Open_Access_adopted_by_the_EUA_Council_on_26th_of_March_2008_final.
European University AssociationUniversity institutional policies should require
that their researchers deposit (self-archive) their scientific publications in their
institutional repository upon acceptance for publication. Permissible embargoes should
apply only to the date of open access provision and not the date of deposit.
...It should be the responsibility of the university to inform their faculty researchers about IPR
and copyright management…http://www.eua.be/fileadmin
/user_upload/files/Policy_Positions/Recommendations_Open_Access_adopted_by_the_EUA_Council_on_26th_of_March_2008_final.
IrelandThe
Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology
(IRCSET) has adopted an ideal OA mandate. From the policy:
...Where a research publication arises in whole or in part from IRCSET funded research..., the following policy will be adhered to with effect
from 1st May 2008.....1. This publication policy confirms the freedom
of researchers to publish first wherever they feel is the most appropriate.
Ireland2. The effect of the policy is intended to increase the visibility of, and improve access to, the research funded
by IRCSET and the State, where such research is intended to be published by the researcher(s) concerned.
3. The policy is based on recognised best practice. It is in keeping with the recommendations of the European
Research Advisory Board (EURAB) Policy in relation to scientific publication. It is also in keeping with the
combined OECD Ministers’ Declaration entrusting the OECD to work towards commonly agreed Principles and
Guidelines on Access to Research Data from Public Funding.
IrelandConditions to which IRCSET funded Award Recipients
should adhere:1. All researchers must lodge their publications resulting in whole or in part from IRCSET-funded
research in an open access repository as soon as is practical, but within six calendar months at the
latest.2. The repository should ideally be a local institutional
repository to which the appropriate rights must be granted to replicate to other repositories.
Ireland3. Authors should deposit post-prints (or publisher’s
version if permitted) plus metadata of articles accepted for publication in peer-reviewed journals
and international conference proceedings;4. Deposit should be made upon acceptance by the journal/conference. Repositories should release the metadata immediately, with access restrictions to
full text article to be applied as required. Open access should be available as soon as practicable
after the author-requested embargo, or six month, whichever comes first;
Ireland5. Suitable repositories should make provision
for long-term preservation of, and free public access to, published research findings....
HarvardHarvard’s Faculty of Arts and Sciences voted to
adopt a policy under which (1) faculty are required to deposit a copy of their
scholarly journal articles in an institutional repository and
(2) automatically to grant to the University a University License to make those articles
openly accessible on the Internet.
HarvardThe Faculty of Arts and Sciences of Harvard University is committed to disseminating the
fruits of its research and scholarship as widely as possible.
In keeping with that commitment, the Faculty adopts the following policy: Each Faculty
member grants to the President and Fellows of Harvard College permission to make
available his or her scholarly articles and to exercise the copyright in those articles.
HarvardIn legal terms, the permission granted by each Faculty
member is a nonexclusive, irrevocable, paid-up, worldwide license to exercise any and all rights under copyright relating to each of his or her
scholarly articles, in any medium, and to authorize others to do the same, provided that the articles are
not sold for a profit.
ChinaChinese Ministry of Science and Technology
(CHINA)http://www.most.gov.cn/eng/
http://www.codataweb.org/06conf/ Mandate to deposit research data (not yet applicable to research articles themselves)
Hong Kong Universities proposed Open Access policy for publicly funded research
IndiaNational Institute of Technology, Rourkela (institutional-
mandate)http://www.nitrkl.ac.in
http://dspace.nitrkl.ac.in/dspace 10th Senate meeting, NIT Rourkela resolution All
research papers by faculty and students, MTech (Research) and Ph. D. thesis is to be self-archived in
Dspace@nitr or it should be submitted to the librarian for archiving, so that others interested may benefit by referring to these documents. The Administration may use this archive for assessment of faculty performance
when needed.
IndiaNational Knowledge Commission (proposed-funder-
mandate)http://knowledgecommission.gov.in/
http://knowledgecommission.gov.in/downloads/documents/wg_open_course.pdf
On a policy level, all research articles published by Indian authors receiving any government or public
funding must be made available under Open Access and should be archived in the standard OA format on his/her website. Further, as a national academic OA
portal is developed, these same research articles should be made available through this portal.
South Africathe Academy of Science (ASSAF) Committee on
Scholarly Publishing in South Africa (CSPiSA) and the Department of Science and
Technology (DST) has dedicated a substantial three-year budget to fund the implementation
of ASSAF's recommendations for the development of scholarly publication in South Africa - a 'gold route' Open Access approach
to journal publishing in South Africa
South Africa – Why? In a 2006 report, the Academy of Science of
South Africa found that over the past 14 years, 1/3rd of South African journals have
not had a single paper cited by their international counterparts
Fewer than 1 in 10 of South Africa's 255 accredited journals has been cited enough to
feature in the main international research databases, despite South Africa being the continent's leading publisher of research
South Africa – Why? “Visibility for research output from South Africa,
and other developing countries, must be increased dramatically so that research from developing countries is incorporated into the
global knowledge pool, so vital to the resolution of global issues such as climate
change or the spread of infectious diseases.”(http://www.scidev.net/quickguides/index.cfm?
fuseaction=qguideReadItem&type=1&itemid=2828&language=1&qguideid=4)
South AfricaDepartment of Library Services
http://www.library.up.ac.za https://www.up.ac.za/dspace/
UPSpace is a university-based institutional repository which offers a set of services to the reseachers of the
UP Community, for the management and dissemination of digital academic/research materials
(excluding work of administrative or commercial nature) donated to or created by the institution and its community members. The set of services includes
the collection, storage and preservation in digital format, and retrieval of items submitted to UPSpace.
RussiaCentral Economics and Mathematics Institute of Russian Academy
of Sciences (institutional-mandate)http://www.cemi.rssi.ru/
http://socionet.ru/index-en.html http://cemi.socionet.ru/
http://www.cemi.rssi.ru/rus/news/initiat-eng.htm All researchers of the Central Economics and Mathematics
Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences are mandated by director's decree to immediately deposit their papers/articles in
the institutional Open Archive. ["...mandate researchers of CEMI RAS to deposit all completed research (in working paper
form), including the full text, in institutional OA (repository) not later than 6 months after completion."]
UkraineSince January 2007 Ukraine has a law - proposed
mandate for open access to publicly funded research.
The Law of Ukraine On the principles of developing information society in Ukraine for 2007-20015 at
www.rada.gov.ua
Open Access – A Policy IssueOpen Access policies are:
Welcomed by authorsComplied with by authors
Compatible with copyright and respect authors’ moral rights
Compatible with patent registrationRespectful of academic and intellectual
freedomsAligned with the aims of most funding bodies
and institutionsEffective!
Appealing to All the Major Stakeholders
To the funders of researcher – both as a public service and as an increased return on their
investment in research
To the authors – as it gives wider dissemination and impact
To readers – as it gives them access to all primary literature, making the most important
‘research tool’ more powerful
Appealing to All the Major Stakeholders
To editors and reviewers – as they feel their work is more valued
To the libraries – as it allows them to meet the information needs of their users
To the institutions – as it increases their presence and prestige
To small and society publishers – as it gives them a survival strategy and fits with their central remit
Thank you!Questions?
Iryna Kuchmairyna.kuchma[at]eifl.net; www.eifl.net
The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License