Open Access: an introduction

Elizabeth Yates, Liaison/Scholarly Communication Librarian

October 2014Free to share or reuse with attribution

Hot button issue: grant funding

Image: 'The Red Button' http://www.flickr.com/photos/57768536@N05/7904690074

Found on flickrcc.net

Today’s outcomesYou will recall main characteristics of:

•of Open Access publishing: gold and green

•funding landscape and Open Access

•Library OA publishing fund for Brock researchers

•next steps to support Brock researchers

OA

•Free, immediate online access to scholarly research

•No end-user fees

•Usually greater freedom for re-use

Two flavours

Gold:

•Immediately via Open Access journals

Green

•Via online archiving: may be immediate or delayed

‘It’s like the Wild West’

Rapid growth in OA Journals

more than 10,000 fully Open Access scholarly journals from 100 countries > around 1/3 of all peer-reviewed journals

contain more than 1.7 million articles

fastest growing fields STEM: 16-fold growth in biomedicine between 2000-2011

Sources: Heather Morrison, Imaginary Journal of Poetic Economics: poeticeconomics.blogspot.caLaakso, M. & Bjork, B. (2012). Anatomy of open access publishing: a study of longitudinal development and internal structure. BMC Medicine (10), 124.

Journal articles: published in 2011 & indexed in Scopus

Open Access 17 %

Subscription 83%

Total published:

1.66M

Laakso, M., & Björk, B.-C. (2012). Anatomy of open access publishing: a study of longitudinal development and internal structure. BMC Medicine, 10(1), 124. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-124

Open Access growing rapidly: repositories

Source: Heather Morrison, http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.ca/2014/10/dramatic-growth-of-open-access.html

Open Access growing rapidly: institutional mandates

Source: Heather Morrison, http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.ca/2014/10/dramatic-growth-of-open-access.html

OA funding mandates

Canada• Tri-Agency Draft Policy

issued fall 2013

• Final policy expected October 2014 (?)

• Focus: journal articles

•Must be OA via either:

• Immediate publication in OA journal

•Online archiving within 12 months

We’re prepared!

•Information and outreach to researchers

•Repository for article deposit

•Library Open Access Publishing Fund

•Scholarly Journals at Brock

http://www.brocku.ca/library/about-us-lib/openaccess/tri-agency-open-access-consult

Institutional OA funds

•Globally, about 75 academic/research institutions offer OA publishing funds

•Growing phenomenon: 75 now versus 30 in 2012

Nariani, R., & Fernandez, L. (2012). Open Access Publishing: What Authors Want. College & Research Libraries, 73(2), 182-195.

Open Access Directory. (2014). OA journal funds. http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_journal_funds

Library OA publishing funds

U.S. LIBRARIES N=22 CANADIAN LIBRARIES N=13

Sources: SPARC (2014). Open access funds in action. bit.ly/OAfunds; CARL (2014). Support for OA at CARL libraries. bit.ly/CARLOAfunds

OA FUND STATS BROCK UNIVERSITY

Articles funded Since 2011: 16

Authors funded 15

Author status: Faculty members – 10; grad students/postdocs - 5

Top disciplines: Biology – 4; Health Sciences – 4; Psychology - 3

Total amount expended: $21,322.94

Average APC paid:Highest APC paid:Lowest APC paid:

$1,254.29$2,407.50

$206.00

Top journal: PLoS One (4)

Top publishers: PLoS (4), Hindawi (2)

Demand > supply

•11 applicants turned away between January 2014-now: no $

•Support from ORS welcomed!

Fact Fiction?

All Open Access journals

charge publication fees

Fiction!!Fact > Multiple OA business models:

-Publication fees

-Advertising

-Free online, print subscription

-Institutional subsidies/technical support

-Membership dues

-Indexing revenues (e.g. EBSCO, Scopus, Proquest)

Source: OA journal business models, Open Access Directory: http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_journal_business_models

Gold Open Access is …•Often associated with Article Processing Charges (APCs) to cover the costs of publishing

•But most OA journals don’t charge APCs

•Info from Directory of Open Access Journals, May 2014

OA journals in the DOAJ

No APCs: 6467 APCs: 2567 Conditional charges: 520 No info: 145

Directory of Open Access Journals

Fact Fiction?

Open Access publishing is

incompatible with rigorous

peer review

Fiction!!Fact > OA is fully compatible with rigorous peer review-every journal establishes its own peer-review process: this is

independent of how articles are disseminated (subscription

versus OA)

-peer-review itself is problematic and does not guarantee

scientific rigour (bias, retractions, fraud)*

Smith, R. (2006). Peer review: a flawed process at the heart of science and journals. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 99(4): 178-182. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1420798/Birukou, A., Wakeling, J.R., Bartolini, C., et al. (2011). Alternatives to peer review: novel approaches for research evaluation. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 5 (56). doi: 10.3389/fncom.2011.00056Jefferson T, Alderson P, Wager E, Davidoff F. (2002). Effects of editorial peer review: a systematic review. JAMA, 287: 2784-6. doi:10.1001/jama.287.21.2784Van Noorden, R. (2011). Science publishing: the trouble with retractions. Nature 478, 26-28. doi:10.1038/478026a

Fact Fiction?

Open Access authors retain

full copyright

FaCt!!Fact > Fully OA journals allow you retain copyright on your

work

-usually, Open Access authors can choose from a variety

Creative Commons licenses e.g. CC-BY, CC-BY-NC

Fact Fiction?

Articles in OA publications

are eligible for consideration

in promotion & tenure

decisions

FaCt!!Fact > P&T committees can decide what counts – including

OA publishing

-you confer the prestige

-OA is linked to higher impact

-recognizing OA in P&T can open the door for other

emerging forms of scholarship

*Mark J. McCabe, Christopher M. Snyder (2013)The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Poorer: The Effect of Open Access on Cites to Science Journals Across the Quality Spectrum, Social Science Research Network SSRN, May 25, 2013

Fact Fiction?

All Open Access journals are

legitimate

Fiction!!Fact > Unfortunately, the simplicity of Internet publishing

makes it easy for less-than-legitimate players to enter

the publishing game• This requires researchers to exercise scrutiny over where they

publish (a good thing)

• Libraries can help researchers choose good publications and

weed out bad ones

• “Beall’s list” a good resource http://scholarlyoa.com/ - but he

has an agenda

Fact Fiction?

Open Access articles are

cited more frequently

FaCt!!Fact > Open Access increases impact as measured by the

number of citations

• effect present in both gold (journal publishing) and green

(archiving) versions of OA

• Open Access Citation Advantage is correlated with quality,

just as citations are (the top 20% of articles receive about

80% of all citations)

• Open access increases cites to the best content but reduces

cites to lower-quality content

Open Citation Project: http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html

Alternate forms of impact

Article impact

Accesses: 6394 > huge

Altmetric score: captures other forms of impact e.g. social media shares

Social media reaction to Tsiani’s article

Tsiani’s article

ranking score

from

Altmetric.com

What’s next?•Continued outreach to Brock researchers with special focus on Tri-Agency OA Policy

•Customizing Brock Digital Repository to archive and promote Brock research

•Adding more Open Access journals

•Strengthening relationships with campus partners including ORS, ITS

•Digital Scholarship Lab: supporting digital research, data processing and management and Open Access publishing

AND …

Resources: right here!

My office

Elizabeth Yates

eyates@brocku.ca

X4469

Top OA toolsDirectory of Open Access Journals – doaj.org•Searchable at journal and article level

OpenDOAR – www.opendoar.org•Searchable directory of Open Access repositories

ROARMAP -- roarmap.eprints.org•Registry of Open Access mandates

SHERPA/RoMEO – www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo•The database to find publishers’ copyright policies for archiving, etc.

ReferencesCanadian Association of Research Libraries (2014). Support for OA at CARL libraries. bit.ly/CARLOAfunds

Cryer, E., & Collins, M. (2011). Electronic Journal Forum: Incorporating Open Access into Libraries. Serials Review, 37103-107. doi:10.1016/j.serrev.2011.03.002

Fruin, C. & Rascoe, F. (2014). Funding open access journal publishing: article processing charges. College & Research Libraries News. 75(5), 240-243.

Harris, S. (2013). Implementing Open Access APCs: the role of academic libraries. Report on a roundtable commissioned by SAGE in association with JISC. http://www.uk.sagepub.com/repository/binaries/pdf/apc.pdf

Nariani, R., & Fernandez, L. (2012). Open Access Publishing: What Authors Want. College & Research Libraries, 73(2), 182-195.

Nariani, R., & Fernandez, L. (2011). Open Access funds: a Canadian library survey. Partnership: the Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, (6)1. Retrieved from https://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/index.php/perj/article/view/1424/2083

Open Access Directory. (2014). OA journal funds. http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_journal_funds

Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition. (n.d.). Open access funds: funds introduction. http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/funds/intro

Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (2014). Open access funds in action. bit.ly/OAfunds