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![Page 1: Onshore 3.4 template presentation](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081603/55874eaad8b42a92468b462b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to Onshore Exploration
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Your Challenge Today You are an exploration
team in charge of a new petroleum exploration area.
Your task is to find and drill for new reserves and to maximize return on investment (ROI).
You will need to work as a company as well as in partnership with others.
You will show your new understanding of exploration and be rewarded through credibility Points.
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Finances You will start with $50
millionYou can apply for more later.
Creating ValueProfit is measured by the net value of the oil and gas fields discovered MINUS all costs involved.
Winning team has highest ROIROI is calculated as Value created DIVIDED by Funds received.
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Credibility Points You get CPs for doing well
during the simulationCorrect answers and sensibledecisions are awarded with CPs
CPs are a measure of ability and credibilityA team’s CPs are considered when bidding for blocks and applying for funds from the HQ
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You will learn Where and how to find
hydrocarbons. Various surveys during exploration.
Licensing rounds. Farm-in and Partnerships.
Drilling rigs and Sub-contractors. Environmental issues. Economically viable volumes.
Reducing uncertainty. Team work and negotiation. Critical
decision making, analytical skills. Multi-tasking.
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Oil and Gas Industry Value Chain
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Login www.oilsim.com
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Main screen
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MapColumns e.g C1, and C54
Row
s e
.g. R
35
and R
16
3Block
Blocks are divided into smaller cellse g. C57,R73
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First challenge Challenge: Find three sedimentary
basins in the area. Basins are sedimentary rocks in the deep subsurface where oil and gas has been generated.
Procedure: Buy and study magnetic and gravimetric surveys; and to submit the coordinates, column and row number for each basin centre.
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Gravimetric surveys Gravimetric surveys show the gravity
in the sub-surface. Measured by airborne sensors.
Sedimentary rocks have lower densities than the surrounding crystalline rocks. Low gravity means high probability of a basin below.
Low gravity are basins. High gravity are crystalline rocks
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Surveys in OilSim
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Real gravimetric survey
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Survey in Oilsim Gravimetric
survey:South-east quadrant
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Survey in OilSim
All four quadrant surveys in map context.
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Magnetic surveys Magnetic surveys show similar
information as gravimetric surveys. The sedimentary rocks in the basins have a lower concentration of magnetic materials than the surrounding crystalline rocks. Sedimentary basins are the areas with the lowest magnetic field.
Basins have low magnetic field Non-basins have high magnetic
fields.
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Real magnetic survey
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Survey in OilSim
Magnetic survey:North-west quadrant
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Survey in OilSim
All four quadrant surveys in map context.
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Gravimetric survey analysis Locate edges
of the continous basin structure (yellow area)
Locate the diagonals and thus basin centre
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Magnetic survey analysis Locate edges
of the continous basin structure (purple area)
Locate the diagonals and thus basin centre
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Finding the Midpoint
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Centre may not be the same
Example:Top basin on
both maps Calculate the
midpoint between the gravimetric and magnetic centres found
= C55 and R105
C50
R100
C60
R110
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Enter decision
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Centre Midpoint calculation
3 centres – one Centre midpoint for each basin
Example: C55, R105 Solve before deadline. All
submissions are evaluated after the deadline (and not before).
You may get 0-100 CPs. All three centres must be located to get full credibility points.
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Solve task 1
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Task 1 solved All teams have submitted their
answers. Basin centres are located.
Message in Inbox. All teams have answers and CPs awarded.
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Challenge 2 : license round
Sedimentary basins may contain oil and gas.
The government has decided to put the blocks around one of the basins on offer.
Challenge: Identify the 3 most promising blocks and offer an amount for each of them.
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Challenge 2 : license round Any restrictions involved? Yes, you need to
watch for Environmentally Sensitive Areas. What are we looking for? Hydrocarbon
Prospects. Where do we find prospects? In
sedimentary basins How do I find them? Interpreting 2D
seismic and Common Risk Segment maps.
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Source and migration
1. SOURCE ROCKwhere organic material is put under sufficient pressure
2. MIGRATION ROCKwhere hydrocarbons are driven through
3. CAP ROCKImpermeable rock that stops migration of hydrocarbons 4.
PROSPECT
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Traps
(c) OLFAnticline trap
Fault trap
Stratigraphic trap
Salt dome trap
Geological “pockets”, that might contain hydrocarbons.
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Environmentally Sensitive Areas
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Red areasYou will not be allowed to bid, drill or operate in any of the red areas. Green areasBlocks in area may be awarded.
Sensitive Rangelands Survey
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Common Risk Segments Is there a sedimentary basin and a
migration route into the prospects in the area?
Is there porous reservoir rock in the area, so that the oil or gas can be stored?
Is there a sealing rock in the area, so that the oil and gas can be trapped?
If all are positive, then green If some negative, then orange If mostly negative, then red
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Common Risk Segment
Layer 3 Eocene1500m below the surface
Layer 2 Paleocene2500m below the surface
Layer 1 Cretaceous3500m below the surface
CRS. Common Risk Segment surveys tell you about the probability of a structure in the block/cell containing
oil or gas
Surface
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2D Seismic surveys
Traps can be found with seismic surveys
2D seismic survey is a cross section of the geological layers along either a column or a row.
2D seismic surveys are used for locating prospects.
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Real Seismic
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Real Seismic
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OilSim of 2DSeismic
Unprocessed Processed
Interpreted Red is top of the sealing rock
Green is top of the reservoir rock
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Anticlinal traps
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Fault traps
Leakage
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Leakage?
Leakage
Sealant rock
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Order seismic
Buy 2D seismic from the survey shop
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Order Seismic
What type of data do you want?
Columns or Rows Unprocessed or processed
data Interpreted or not
Only buy maximum of 1 block of data at a time to speed up processing
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Order Seismic
It takes time to process your request
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View the Seismic
Red circles – navigate through the 2D seismic
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Cross-sections
Column
Row
Prospect, ReservoirBasin,Source
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License Round in OilSim Minimum bid is $250K Maximum bid is $7.5M Enter numbers without commas (ex:
250000) You will bid for 3 licenses but each team
will only be awarded one license Highest bid wins the license If two teams bid the same, the team with
the most CP’s gets it Random license awarded if none of your
bids are high enough
Submit your bid before the deadline!
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Enter bids Three
different blocks
Three bids
Example-
Block 1123
Bid 250000
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Recap on Challenge 2
Study Sensitive Rangelands Survey to see which blocks to avoid
Use Common Risk Segment surveys to see which blocks to examine closer (look for green)
Buy and study many 2D surveys to identify which ones have the most potential traps, as well as the biggest traps.
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Solve task 2
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Task 2 solved Message sent
to all teams with the results
Credibility Points are given for prosperity of the blocks you bid for
Every team has got one exploration license
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Challenge 3 : Exploration Drilling Company management has reviewed
the licence that you were awarded and the potential cost to drill a well.
Although the possibility of finding oil is fair, the costs involved are large. They have asked you to spread the risk.
Challenge: Farm-out a minimum of 20% on your license and farm-in as much as you can on other good licences.
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Partnerships Spread the risk: e.g Investing in
other blocks divides the risks amongst all partners, much more preferable than keeping 100% of one field and all the risk.
Increase probability of profit: investment in only 1 field which could be a dry prospect is possible, whereas the likelihood of investing in 5 fields which are all dry is unlikely.
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Challenge 3.1 Partnering Acquire 3D Seismic interpretations
for the block you operate, and study the results from the licensing round-can send under “surveys” to possible partners
Farm-out: Get others to invest 20% or more in your license
Farm-in: Send offers to other teams to buy shares in their viable licences. Submit an offer for each viable licence, with amount offered and share wanted in whole %.
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Real 3D Seismic Shows the subsurface structure in a
cube.
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3D Seismicin OilSim
Layer 1 Cretaceous
Layer 2 Paleocene
Layer 3 Eocene
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Licences
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Farm-in Enter the total
amount and the total % you want to buy
Add a message to the seller
Press “Send offer”
Min bid is $25000 and max is $1250000 per %
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Financing
When a team receives a Farm-In offer to appears under Financing. This is where a team can receive finance or money for a % of their own blocks
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Farm-in license OWNER
decides whether to ACCEPT or REJECT the offer
Partnerships established every time a license owner accepts an offer.
Overview: On the main page, you can see all licenses. 1) licenses you operate, 2) licenses you have invested in, and
other licenses.
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Investing
All your farm-in offers to other teams are shown under “Investing” on the right-hand side of the homepage . This is where a team offers investments to other teams for a % of their blocks
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Partnerships Partners pay a proportional share of
all future costs incurred by the partnership
Partners receive a proportional share of the net proceedings from any oil or gas found on the license.
The operator team makes all decisions regarding acquiring 3D seismics, drilling of wells and testing of wells.
Information: partners in a block can access info about drilled wells and discovered oil and gas fields.
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Ready to drill
Click on drill
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Choose rig Truck-mounted Rigs
Light Duty Rigs
Heavy Duty Rigs
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Choose Rig
Max drilling depth is important
Rig cost = drilling days * day rate
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Rigs
Few: limited number of rigs available.
If you get one: start using it within 20 minutes.
If you don’t: wait in a queue, if another team is using the rig.
Price can change: rig day rates are dynamic.
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Service providers 9 Star quality: Good- costs more Bad: - cheaper,
but reliability is low
5 types of providers- Construction and Maintenance , Logistics, Well Services, Camp Services and Analysis
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Penalties & Fines
Certain problems can occur if Service Provider Selection is poor quality
Other penalties can occur if you drill in areas indicated as problematic in the Environmental Impact Assessment
As in real life, problems can occur randomly and these are also applied with fines levied accordingly.
Oil spill control – 5% of overall drilling costs
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Environmental Impact Assessment
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Drill Position EIA:
enviromental impact analysis shows where not to drill.
Place your mouse where to drill
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Drilling Position
Layer 1 Cretaceous
Layer 2 Paleocene
Layer 3 Eocene
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Drill Position
Too deep for the chosen rig.
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Estimated cost
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Drilling Days
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Drilling Result
Proven volume (MBOE) counts Test may increase proven volume Remember to tick the boxes!
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Testing Only if you discover a field – find Oil
or Gas You decide whether you want more
information about that field More information by doing a
production test (and other tests) Tests costs. Tests take 10 days per
field. Tests have the same day-rate as the drilling if you use the same providers.
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Value and ROI
Volume Range, e.g. 1-897 Proven Reserves e.g. 1
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Value and ROI
Calculation of licence value
Sales value
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Value and ROI
Costs Value of Licence
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Appraisal From Probable volume to proven
reserves
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Narrowing ranges
Exploration well: 0 to 572 MBOE (after drilling) 11 to 466 MBOE (after testing)
First appraisal well: 25 to 333 MBOE (after drilling) 34 to 310 MBOE (after testing)
Second appraisal well: 65 to 250 MBOE (after drilling) 101 to 152 MBOE (after testing)
Only proven MBOE counts
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Increasing proven volumes
Appraisal wells - proven reserves increase
Range between proven and possible is decreased
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Effect on calculation of licence
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Challenge 3B Drilling
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Continue... Narrow uncertainty: Drill appraisal
wells to get proven volumes Drill into other prospects to find
more proven volumes. Farm-in and -out: Get into other good
blocks. Two additional licensing rounds:
Repeat the processes. Money: Apply for more money, if you
run out of cash.
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Apply For More Funds
Click on Apply for More Funds Tab. 1 CP for each $100,000 applied for. Answer the questions: All correct
gives cash and you can keep CPs. One wrong gives cash and you keep ½ of your CPs. Two wrong gives ½ cash and you lose all CPs. All wrong, you get no cash and lose all CPs.
<10 credibility points: Apply for cash and be fined $5million for each $20million requested.
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Licence strategy
Access to new
exploration areas
Make new discoveries
World class project
performance
Increased recovery through
systematic plans and
actions
Exploration acreage:• Resources• Reserves• Production