ONROAD MOTORCYCLE (ONMC) RULEMAKING OVERVIEW
Transcript of ONROAD MOTORCYCLE (ONMC) RULEMAKING OVERVIEW
CARB ONMC RULEMAKING UPDATE FOR UN EPPR
ONROAD MOTORCYCLE (ONMC)RULEMAKING OVERVIEW
110/17/2019
CARB BACKGROUND
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• Californians Identified Smog as a Health Threat in the 1940so Local governments and the state legislature began taking measures to
address air pollution
• Dr. Arie Jan Haagen-Smit was a Pioneer in Air Pollution Control o His groundbreaking research on smog and work with state and local
governments led to the first automotive emissions standards
• The California Air Resources Board (CARB) was Formed in 1967 o Haagen-Smit was appointed by Ronald Reagan as the first Chair of CARB
CARB BACKGROUND(CONTINUED)
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California's Air has Gotten Cleaner as Population has Grown
Los Angeles Air Pollution Over Time
Source: NOAA
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CARB BACKGROUND(CONTINUED)
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• U.S. EPA Sets Federal Clean Air Standards
• CARB is Responsible for Developing a State Implementation Plan (SIP) for California to Meet Federal Standardso CARB is directly responsible for regulating mobile sources
o CARB is responsible for developing stationary source emissions standards which air districts may employ
• Local Air Districts Devise Local Strategies to Meet Federal Standardso Air districts are directly responsible for regulating stationary sources
CARB BACKGROUND(CONTINUED)
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South Coast Ozone Reduction Progress
0-7071-7475-7980-8485-8990-9495-99100-109110-119120+
National Ozone Design Values
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Design Value (ppb)
You Are Here
CARB BACKGROUND(CONTINUED)
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• CARB Continues to Lead in Many Areaso Climate Change
o Low Carbon Fuels
o Hydrogen Fueling
o Refrigerant Emissions
o Small Off-Road Engines
o Consumer Products
o Zero Emission Vehicles
o Zero Emission Motorcycle Incentives
o Many other programs…
CARB ONMC REGULATION HISTORY
• CARB First Motorcycle Emissions Standards Adopted in 1975
• Most Recent CARB ONMC Standards Amendments in 1998o Evaporative emissions effective in 2007
o Tail pipe emissions effective in 2008
• Many Other Countries Adopting More Stringent ONMC Emission Standards o Many adopting in part/whole European Union (EU) standards
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On Road ROG Emissions Over Time (TPD)
Passenger Cars Motorcycles
ONMC EMISSIONS INVENTORY IN CA
• 2016 ONMC Emissions
o ~ 27 TPD of ROG
o Population ~ 688,000
• 2035 ONMC ROG Emissions Near Parity with LDV ROG Emissions
• ONMC Emissions are Significant when Considering VMT
o Passenger car miles ~100x greater than ONMC
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EMFAC Data_2014
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COLLABORATION WITH OTHER JURISDICTIONS
• Some Harmonization Already Existso EU 5 and UN GTRs have many procedures which are harmonized
o Environment and Climate Change Canada and US EPA are harmonized
• Staff is Actively Engaged with These Regulatory Bodieso Efforts to coordinate and share research
o Staff is participating in UN Global Technical Regulation (GTR) discussions
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ECCC
ONMC EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS
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CARB / USEPA EU4 EU 5 CARB SULEV 30
0.1 g/km HC0.06 g/km NOx
0.17 g/km HC0.09 g/km NOx
HARMONIZATION CONSIDERATIONS
• EU 5 Effective on MY 2020 ONMCs
• Key Differences in EU and CARB Standards to be Considered
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EU 5 CARBTest Fuel E5, RVP ~ 8.4 E0, RVP ~ 9.0*
Drive Cycle WMTC FTPEvaporative Tests 1 hour test 1 hour test**
OBD Stage II No OBDReg and Category
DefinitionsL cat: power, speed and displacement ONMC class I, II , and III by displacement
Certification Certification documentation differences across jurisdictions
* All other CARB on-road gasoline powered categories moving to LEV III test fuel for all vehicle testing by 2020 (E10, RVP ~ 6.9)
**OHRV TP 933 (a 24 hour diurnal SHED test) was originally intended to be applied to ONMC in addition to OHRV
RULEMAKING OBJECTIVES
• Quickly Achieve Significant, Real-world and Cost Effective Emissions Reductions to Improve California Air Quality
• Ensure Certification Standards Reflect Real World Emissions Reductions
• Lay Foundation for Potential ONMC I/M Program to Limit Tampering and Ensure Emissions Reductions Over the Life of the Vehicle
• Accelerate Adoption of Zero Emissions Motorcycles (ZEMS)
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DATA NEEDS FOR RULE DEVELOPMENT
• Update ONMC Emissions Inventory Factors
• Quantify Differences in ONMC Emissions Certification Procedures
• PEMS Testing to Assess Real World Driving Emissions
• Assess Tampering Emissions Impacts
• Collect Idle Emissions Data for Potential Use in and ONMC I/M Program
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HIGHLIGHTS COVERED IN LABORATORY TEST PLAN
• Test Fleet Includes:o 26 ONMCs
o MYs 2008-2020
o Various makes
• Dynamometer Exhaust Testing Includes:o WMTC, FTP and UC drive cycles
o Indolene, LEV III, EU 5, and CARFG3 fuels
o Tampered vs original configurations
• Evaporative Testing Includes:o Multiday diurnal SHED testing up to 7 days
o CARFG3 and LEV III fuels
o WMTC and FTP conditioning cycles
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PORTABLE EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (PEMS)
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• CARB is Deploying an Axion PEMS Unito Measures CO2, CO, HC, NOx (as NO), O2 concentration
o Measures engine parameters (RPM, IAT, MAP) to calculate mass flow
• Current PEMS Work:o Urban and rural driving
o Before-and-after tampering tests
• Potential Future PEMS work:o Screening tool to assess real world performance
EARLY PEMS OBSERVATION
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POTENTIAL INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE (I/M) PROGRAM
• Need Verification Procedures to Ensure Real World Performance
• Potential In-Use Performance Monitoring Programo OBD-based inspection and maintenance requirements
o Tamper resistant designs and education
o Two-speed idle test being considered for Pre-OBD ONMCs
• CARB is Seeking Experience of Other Jurisdictions with ONMC I/M Programso Are any UN EPPR Nations currently running, or planning to implement, I/M
Programs?
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ONMC INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE (I/M) CHALLENGES
• California has an Extensive Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) I/M Programo Operating since 1984 throughout California
• Can an ONMC I/M Program Use Existing LDV I/M Program Infrastructure?o This would result in better cost effectiveness
• Current Type II Idle Exhaust Test May Not Be Easy to Perform During a Routine Inspectiono Adaptors required to accommodate tail pipe probe insertion to 60cm
California SMOG requirements for passenger cars requires insertion to16in (40.6cm)
o Type II test would require many adaptors for various configurationso WMTC or 600 seconds driving under normal traffic conditions would be
difficult execute/confirm
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TECHNICAL WORKING GROUPS
• Technical Working Group Purposeo Engage expertise of stakeholders to address technical areas rule development and potential harmonization
• Participants Include:o Motorcycle and parts manufacturers, testing groups, industry groups, and regulators
• Technical Working Groups Include:o Testing Protocols - fuels, drive cycles, evap test procedures, etc.
o Procedural - certification streamlining and jurisdictional definitions, etc.
o Verification - assess real world performance, OBD, tampering, etc.
o ZEM Incentives - fleet averaging, rebates, credits, etc.
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TENTATIVE TIMELINE
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• Potential for Optional Phase-in and/or Early Adoption Provisions in MY2021
CARB Vehicle Testing
Inventory Update
Develop Proposal,Analyze Costs and Benefits
Results from Technical Working Group
Board Hearing
Tentative Effective Date
CONTACTS
• Please Contact Us With Any Questions
• Project Lead: OBD Lead: Jason McPhee, P.E. Tony Grandov(916)323-1104 (916)[email protected] [email protected]
• Manager, Engineering & Regulation Development SectionScott Bacon(916)[email protected]
• For More Information Visit:https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/on-road-motorcycles
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