Only marsupial in IL Habitat & food generalist found in ... 5 - Mammals of Illinois (1).pdf ·...
Transcript of Only marsupial in IL Habitat & food generalist found in ... 5 - Mammals of Illinois (1).pdf ·...
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Family Didelphidae: Opossums
Virginia opossum •Only marsupial in IL •Habitat & food generalist found in all IL •12-13 day gestation period
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Family Dasypodidae
Nine-banded armadillo •Found in woodlands, scrub, & fields in Southern IL •Eats mostly invertebrates with peg-like teeth •Mostly nocturnal & solitary •Babies = 4 genetic clones
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Family Vespertilionidae
Myotis •Little brown myotis •Indiana myotis •Southeastern myotis •Gray myotis •Northern myotis
Uropatagium
Tragus
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Family Vespertilionidae
Little brown myotis •Roosts in buildings & mines •Both sexes migrate south, mate, & hibernate in caves & mines •Delayed implantation- 1 young in spring/summer
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Family Vespertilionidae
Silver-haired bat •Roosts in tree bark •Mostly solitary, but gather in groups to migrate south •Hibernates in trees & buildings •Females roost with head facing up before giving birth
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Family Vespertilionidae
Eastern pipistrelle or tri-colored bat •Roosts in caves, buildings, & tree foliage •Hibernates alone or in small groups in caves & mines •Individual hairs are tri-colored
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Family Vespertilionidae
Big brown bat •Typically found near humans •Roosts in human structures & hollow trees •Hibernates in caves & human structures (can tolerate unstable environment)
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Family Vespertilionidae
Evening bat •Roosts in colonies in trees & human structures (not caves) •Only females migrate south for hibernation
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Family Vespertilionidae
Red bat •Roost in dense foliage •Some migrate south for hibernation in hollow trees •Females have 4 mammary glands & 3-4 young
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Family Vespertilionidae
Hoary bat •Roost in dense foliage over open areas •Most migrate south for hibernation in hollow trees •Females have 4 mammary glands & 1-2 young •Will form groups while hunting insects
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Family Vespertilionidae
Rafinesque’s big-eared bat •Roosts in caves, trees, & human structures •Males & females hibernate together in caves •One young in spring/summer
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Family Leporidae
Eastern cottontail •Found in mixed habitats/edges •Breeds Feb.-Sept. & has 1-7 litters (average of 5 young per litter) •Young born altricial, independent at 1 month & reproductively mature at 2-3 months
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Family Canidae
Coyote •Found in many habitats, but avoid wolves •Sometimes hunt/travel in small groups •Mates stay together for years •Breed around Feb. & have an average of 6 young in litter •Young born altricial & are reproductively mature at 1 year
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Family Canidae
Red fox •Found in open areas & edges •Monogamous, some polygyny •Breed around Feb. & have an average of 5 young in litter •Young born altricial & are reproductively mature around 10 months •Young sometimes stay with mother to help raise her next litter
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Family Canidae
Gray fox •Found in or near woods, can climb trees •Monogamous •Breeds around Feb. & has an average of 4 young in litter •Young born altricial & are reproductively mature at 1 year
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Family Procyonidae
Raccoon •Found in many habitats near water •Breed in spring & have an average of 4 young in litter •Young often stay with mother through 1st winter & disperse in spring
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Family Mustelidae
Least weasel •Found in grassy habitats •Active day & night •Prey killed with bite to neck •Dens taken from prey, stores kill in den for later •Can breed twice per year (spring & late summer) •No delayed implantation •1-7 young per litter •Females born in spring can breed in their 1st summer
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Family Mustelidae
Long-tailed weasel •Found in grassy & wooded habitats (not dense forest) •More active at night than day •Sometimes take dens from prey •Mate in the summer & following delayed implantation, have young next spring •Average 6 young per litter •Females mate their 1st summer, males wait until next spring
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Family Mustelidae
American mink •Found near water •Most active at night •Promiscuous •Mate late winter, early spring (Feb-March) •1-8 young born in the spring
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Family Mustelidae
American badger •Open habitats •Mate in late summer, delayed implantation occurs in winter, an average of 3 young born in spring •Some females mate their 1st summer •Not true hibernators, but spend much of winter in torpor
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Family Mustelidae
River otter •Found near water •Build dens in pre-existing burrows •Breed in late winter/early spring, delay implantation & have young a year later •Average 3 young per litter •Disperse at 6-12 months & become reproductively mature at 2-3 years
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Family Mephitidae
Striped skunk •Found in open & mixed habitats •Nocturnal, spend days in burrows taken from other animals •Breed in late winter, have delayed implantation, average 5 young born in the spring •Can be kept as a pet in some states
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Family Felidae
Bobcat •Found in wooded & agricultural areas near trees •Nocturnal & asocial •Breed in early spring •Average 4 young born in later spring, disperse the following winter
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Family Cervidae
White-tailed deer •Found in many habitats, especially woods •Breed in fall/winter, 1 young born in spring during female’s 1st year of breeding, but 2 or more later on •Males leave mother after 1 year, females after 2