Online Registration and Admission

8/13/2019 Online Registration and Admission

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CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Student admissions are a vital part of any institutions running

because students are what keep a institution alive. The student

admission is one of the most important activities within a university

as one cannot survive without students. A poor admissions system

can mean fewer students being admitted into a university because

of mistakes or an overly slow response time.

The process begins with a potential student completing an

application form through the schools and Colleges Admissions

Service, the first step for students is to apply directly to the

institution through a custom online form.

The next step is for the Admissions service center has to review the

application and ensure that all of the required information has been

provided, from the form itself to the supplementary documentation,

such as language and degree certificates. If any of the required

information is missing, it is the secretary for the department to


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which the application concerns that contacts the potential student

and arranges for the delivery of the outstanding data.

The application in its entirety is then forwarded, complete with a

recommendation, to the respective departments Admissions Tutor,

who has the final say as to whether each potential student is

accepted or rejected. Before making a decision, the Admissions

Tutor reviews the application and the additional documentation,

comparing the academic credentials to a list of university rankings

and previous, similar applications.

1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Study

The aim of the proposed system is to address the limitations of the

current system. The requirements for the system have been

gathered from the defects recorded in the past and also based on

the feedback from users of previous metrics tools. Following are the

objectives of the system:

Reach to geographically scattered students. One of the

important objectives of the admission system is communicate

with all the students scattered geographically.


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Reducing time in activities. Reduce the time taken process the

applications of students, admitting a student, conducting the

online examination, verify student marks, and send call letters

to selected students.

Centralized data handling. Transfer the data smoothly to all

the departments involved and handle the data centralized way.

Paperless admission with reduced manpower. Reduce the

manpower needed to perform all the admission and

administration task by reducing the paper works needed.

Cost cutting. Reduce the cost involved in the admission

process.

Operational efficiency. Improve the operational efficiency by

improving the quality of the process.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The difficulties student and staff of admission department usually

force in any institution of higher learning made us to realize that

(computer aid) an online admission system is the best that can

happen to Rocanna Institute of Technology. This will save our


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school the embarrassment caused by students complaints at the

end of the working day.

It was in the view of this that Sundison (1994) pointed out that a

typical problem students have had was moving from school to

another school. In a modern society labour moves quite a bit and

many students change schools at least once in their lifetime. Every

time new students were offered admission into a school, there was a

problem of which curriculum the previous school had followed and

therefore whether the previous level tallied with those of the new

school.

Many students neither know their right nor left at the admission

level in the institution. Admission had frustrated so many students

that some even roles a lot of lectures in pursuit of registration.

1.3 Significance of the Study

It is hoped that the result of this study will serve as tools for helping

students who wish to register for their OND programmes, and will

go a long way helping the staff also. This is easy to achieve since

standard and tested computer programs handle all sort of complex


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calculations, storage and retrieval of valuable information needed

from the school.

Also, important is the fact that records prepared with electronic

machine can be stored as long as needed in non-bulky and compact

systems.

Works has been done in many areas of computerization, in industry

and commerce but not much has been done in school

administration and management system/services. We have

therefore done this work to highlight the use of an online in the

important area of students services.

1.4 Scope of the Study

This work is confined to the Rocanna Institute of Technology that is

our area of research work. The system will capture student

registration data, admission status, and payment status.

1.5 Constraint of the Study

This study however is limited only to the scope above. It is not a

complete portal and hence will not be able to address such issues

as result documentation, computation, and transcript generation.


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1.6 Project Report Organization


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1.6 Definition of Terms


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CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter presents information about the review of literatures

used in this research. Here is a review of the historical overview of

admission proceedings in Rocanna Institute of Technology, overview

of the importance of admission system, overview of the internet and

web.

2.1 Overview of Rocanna Institute of Technology

2.2 Overview of Students Registration and Admission at

Rocanna Institute of Technology

Rocanna Institute of Technology, Enugu provides outstanding

educational, cultural, and social experiences to the residents of City

and beyond. The school has accessible, affordable, comprehensive

programs that include college transfer and career preparation,

technical training, and life skills training. The school provides a

variety of student services that meet and support the learning needs

of an increasingly diverse student population. Rocanna Institute of


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Technology is a dynamic higher education institution that is

responsive to the changing needs of its stakeholders: individuals,

businesses, government, and educational institutions of thecommunity at large.

The Office of Recruitment and Admissions provides services,

programs and information designed to help you meet your

educational goals, including:

Pre-Admissions Advising is the first step in helping you

determine your academic goals and develop and educational

plan.During a one on one interview with an Admissions

Officer, you will have an opportunity to explore Rocanna

Institute of Technology various program offerings, and to learn

more about the enrollment process including Testing,

Financial Aid, Advising and Registration.

Student Recruiter/Ambassador are currently enrolled

students who are enthusiastic, articulate, well - rounded andwilling to commit to training in-order to effectively promote the

school programs and services. They assist with on-campus

events such as orientation, registration, campus tours, open


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houses and commencement. Student Recruiters/Ambassadors

also represent the College at local high schools and

community recruitment events and provide pre-admissionadvisement to students interested in attending Baltimore City

Community College. The Student Recruiter/Ambassadors are

carefully selected from students eligible for the federal work-

study program; however volunteers are welcome.

International Student Admissions is for those students who

are seeking admission under F-1 student visa status. An

International Student Advisor is ready to help you understand

immigration regulations and so that you can easily navigate

the admissions process at Rocanna Institute of Technology.

Transcript Evaluation is required of all students who have

attended another college or university seeking to have college

credit transferred. All successfully completed coursework may

be used toward your degree or certificate program at Rocanna

Institute of Technology. An Official school Transcript must be

submitted to the Admissions Office from each institution

attended.


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New Student Orientation is mandatory for all degree or

certificate seeking students enrolling at Rocanna Institute of

Technology for the first time. Orientation is designed to helpstudents make a seamless transition to college life. Students

may participate in an in person or online session.

(http://www.bccc.edu/page/500)

2.3 Overview of the internet and web

On the fourth of October in 1957 an event occured that would

change the world. The Soviet Union successfully launched the first

satellite into Earths orbit. Called Sputnik 1, it shocked the world

especially the United States of America, who had their own

programme of satellite launches underway, but had yet to launch.

This event lead directly to the creation of the US Department of

Defence ARPA (the Advanced Research Projects Agency), due to a

recognised need for an organisation that could research and

develop advanced ideas and technology beyond the currently

identified needs. Perhaps their most famous project (certainly the

most widely used) was the creation of the Internet.


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In 1960, psychologist and computer scientist Joseph Licklider

published a paper entitled Man-Computer Symbiosis, which

articulated the idea of networked computers providing advancedinformation storage and retrieval. In 1962, whilst working for ARPA

as the head of the information processing office, he formed a group

to further computer research, but left the group before any actual

work was done on the idea.

http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/2-the-history-of-the-internet-

and-the-w/

The plan for this computer network (to be called ARPANET) was

presented in October 1967, and in December 1969 the first four-

computer network was up and running. The core problem in

creating a network was how to connect separate physical networks

without tying up network resources for constant links. The

technique that solved this problem is known as packet switching

and it involves data requests being split into small chunks

(packets,) which can be processed quickly without blocking

communication from other parties this principle is still used to

run the Internet today.


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This concept received wider adoption, with several other networks

springing up using the same packet switching technique for

example, X.25 (developed by the International TelecommunicationUnion) formed the basis of the first UK university network JANET

(allowing UK universities to send and receive files and emails) and

the American public network CompuServe (a commercial enterprise

allowing small companies and individuals access to time-shared

computer resources, and then later Internet access.) These

networks, despite having many connections, were more private

networks than the Internet of today.

This proliferation of different networking protocols soon became a

problem, when trying to get all the separate networks tocommunicate. There was a solution in sight however Robert Kahn,

whilst working on a satellite packet network project for ARPA,

started defining some rules for a more open networking architecture

to replace the current protocol used in ARPANET. Later joined by

Vinton Cerf from Stanford University, the two created a system that

masked the differences between networking protocols using a new


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standard. In the publication of the draft specification in December

1974, this was called the Internet Transmission Control Program.

This specification reduced the role of the network and moved the

responsibility of maintaining transmission integrity to the host

computer. The end result of this was that it became possible to

easily join almost all networks together. ARPA funded development

of the software, and in 1977 a successful demonstration of three

different networks communicating was conducted. By 1981, the

specification was finalised, published and adopted; and in 1982 the

ARPANET connections outside of the US were converted to use the

new TCP/IP protocol. The Internet as we know it had arrived.

http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/2-the-history-of-the-internet-

and-the-w/

2.3.1 The creation of World Wide Web

Gopher was an information retrieval system used in the early

1990s, providing a method of delivering menus of links to files,

computer resources and other menus. These menus could cross the

boundaries of the current computer and use the Internet to fetch
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_%28protocol%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_%28protocol%29


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menus from other systems. It was very popular with universities

looking to provide campus-wide information and large organisations

looking to centralise document storage and management.

Gopher was created by the University of Minnesota. In February,

1993, they announced that it was going to charge licensing fees for

the use of their reference implementation of the Gopher server. As a

consequence, many organisations started to look for alternatives to

Gopher.

The European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland

had such an alternative. Tim Berners-Lee had been working on a

information management system, in which text could contain links

and references to other works, allowing the reader to quickly jump

from document to document. He had created a server for publishing

this style of document (called hypertext) as well as a program for

reading them, which he had called WorldWideWeb. This software

had first been released in 1991, however, it took two events to

cause an explosion in popularity and the eventual replacement of

Gopher.


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On the thirtieth of April in 1993 CERN released the source code of

WorldWideWeb into the public domain, so anyone could use or

build upon the software without charge.

Then, later in the same year, the National Center for

Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) released a program that was a

combined web browser and Gopher client, called Mosaic. This was

originally only available on Unix machines and in source code form,

but in December 1993 Mosaic provided a new version with

installers for both Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows. Mosaic

rapidly increased in popularity, and with it the Web.

The number of available web browsers increased dramatically,

many created by research projects at universities and corporations,

such as Telenor (a Norwegian communications company,) which

created the first version of the Opera browser in 1994.

2.3.2 The browser wars

The popularisation of the web brought commercial interests. Marc

Andreessen left NCSA and together with Jim Clark founded Mosaic

Communications, later renamed to Netscape Communications


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Corporation, and started work on what was to become Netscape

Navigator. Version 1.0 of the software was released in December

1994.

Spyglass Inc. (the commercial arm of NCSA) licensed their Mosaic

technology to Microsoft to form the basis of Internet Explorer.

A rapid escalation soon followed, with Netscape and Microsoft each

trying to get a competitive edge in terms of the features they

support in order to attract developers. This has since become

known as the browser wars. Opera maintained a small but steady

presence throughout this period, and tried to innovate and support

web standards as well as possible in these times.

2.3.3 The coming of web standards

During the browser wars, Microsoft and Netscape focused on

implementing new features rather than on fixing problems with the

features they already supported, and adding proprietary features

and creating features that were in direct competition with existing

features in the other browser, but implemented in an incompatible

way.


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Developers at the time were forced to deal with ever increasing

levels of confusion when trying to build web sites, sometimes to the

extent of building two different but effectively duplicate sites for thetwo main browsers, and other times just choosing to support only

one browser, and blocking others from using their sites. This was a

terrible way of working, and the inevitable backlash from developers

was not far away.

2.3.4 The formation of the W3C

In 1994, Tim Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium

(W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with support

from CERN, DARPA (as ARPA had been renamed to) and the

European Commission. The W3Cs vision was to standardize the

protocols and technologies used to build the web such that the

content would be available to as wide a population of the world as

possible.

During the next few years, the W3C published several specifications(called recommendations) including HTML 4.0, the format for PNG

images, and Cascading Style Sheets versions 1 and 2.


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However, the W3C did not (and still do not) enforce their

recommendations. Manufacturers only had to conform to the W3C

documents if they wished to label their products as W3C-compliant.In practice, this was not a valuable selling point as almost all users

of the web did not know, nor probably care, who the W3C were (this

is still the case, to a large extent). Consequently, the browser wars

of the nineties continued unabated.

2.3.5 The Web Standards Project

In 1998, the browser market was dominated by Internet Explorer 4

and Netscape Navigator 4. A beta version of Internet Explorer 5 was

released, and it implemented a new and proprietary dynamic HTML.

This meant that professional web developers needed to know five

different ways of writing JavaScript.

As a result, a group of professional web developers and designers

banded together. This group called themselves the Web Standards

Project (WaSP). The idea was that by calling the W3C documentsstandards rather than recommendations, they might be able to

convince Microsoft and Netscape to support them.


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The early method of spreading the call to action was to use a

traditional advertising technique called a roadblock, where a

company would take out an advert on all broadcast channels at thesame time, so no matter how a viewer would flick between

channels, they would get exactly the same message. The WaSP

published an article simultaneously on various web development

focused sites including builder.com, Wired online, and some

popular mailing lists.

Another technique the WaSP used was to ridicule the companies

involved with the W3C (and other standards bodies) that focused

more on creating new, often self-serving, features rather than

working to get the basic existing standards supported correctly intheir products to start with (this includes some browser companies

that shall remain nameless here). This doesn't mean that the WaSP

ridiculed the W3C themselves, rather they ridiculed the companies

that became W3C members and then misbehaved.

This all sounds a bit negative, but the WaSP didnt just sit there

criticising people they also helped. Seven members formed the

CSS Samurai, who identified the top ten problems with the CSS


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support in Opera and other browsers (Opera fixed their problems,

others did not).

2.3.6 The rise of web standards

In 2000, Microsoft released Internet Explorer 5 Macintosh Edition.

This was a very important milestone, it being the default browser

installed with the Mac OS at the time, and having a reasonable level

of support for the W3C recommendations too. Along with Opera's

decent level of support for CSS and HTML, it contributed to a

general positive movement, where web developers and designers felt

comfortable designing sites using web standards for the first time.

The WaSP persuaded Netscape to postpone the release of the 5.0

version of Netscape Navigator until it was much more compliant

(this work formed the basis of what is now Firefox, a very popular

browser). The WaSP also created a Dreamweaver Task Force to

encourage Macromedia to change their popular web authoring tool

to encourage and support the creation of compliant sites.

That was a little optimistic not all sites, even in 2008, are built

with web standards. But many people listened. Older browsers


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decreased in market share, and two more very high profile sites

redesigned using web standards: Wired magazine in 2002, and

ESPN in 2003 became field leaders in supporting web standardsand new techniques.

Also in 2003, Dave Shea launched a site called the CSS Zen

Garden. This was to have more impact on web professionals than

anything else, by truly illustrating that the entire design can change

just by changing the style of the page; the content could remain

identical.

Since then in the professional web development community web

standards have become de rigeur. And in this series, we will give

you an excellent grounding in these techniques so that you can

develop websites just as clean, semantic, accessible and standards-

compliant as the big companies.

2.4 Summary

In this chapter I have played down the literature review of the

research work. I was able to review the activities of Rocanna


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Institute of Technology, the registration process of the institute and

the historical concept of the internet and web.

Online Registration and Admission

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