Workshop Black Carbon in Colombia

Beatriz Helena Aristizábal

Andrea Patricia Cuesta, Carlos Mario González

Grupo de Trabajo Académico en Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental

Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales

Cali, 2018

Ongoing studies about Black Carbon and HAP monitoring in Manizales, Colombia

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Manizales

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Main PM10 source: food and beverage

facilities

Anthropogenic sources included in the local emissions inventory (2014 year base)1

Main air pollution sources in Manizales

1González et al., 2017

INDUSTRIAL POINT

SOURCE EMISSIONS

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Main PM10 source: Bus, Truck

Main air pollution sources in Manizales

1González et al., 2017

ON-ROAD MOBILE

EMISSIONS

Contribution of PM10 emissionsfrom diésel vehicles:

- Bus 47% (362 ton/año)

- Truck 25% (192 ton/año)

Anthropogenic sources included in the local emissions inventory (2014 year base)1

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Nevado del Ruiz Volcano(28 km from Manizales)

1’130.000 Ton SO2/yr 2

High activity since 2010

Main air pollution sources in Manizales

2SO2 and particles natural source

2Carn et al. (NASA), 2017

Manizales

NRV

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Beatriz Helena Aristizábal Zuluaga

Angel David Gálvez

Heriberto Hidalgo

Andrea Cuesta

Jade LiMaria Camila Valencia

Ximena Hurtado

Wendy Hernandez

Camilo Zapata Mora

Carlos Mario Gonzalez Duque

Ricardo MoralesJuan Manuel RincónJuan Felipe Franco

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Gerente: Juan Carlos Alzate Arando

Anny Fabiola Castro ReinaPersonal de apoyo

• Collaboration between Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Socobuses (private transportcompany) and Universidad de los Andes.

• Exposure measurements for pedestrian and bus passengers, varying bus driving patterns.

• Local community was involved.

• 13 to 26 August 2018

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Micro-aethalometer AE51 was used in the field campaign

Data available every 15 seconds

Black carbon and PM2.5 exposure campaign

DustTrack 8233 PM2.5 q= 1.5 L/min

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Overall results and comparison with other cities

Pollutant Environment City MeanStd.

Dev.Min Max

PM2.5

(µg/m3)

Peatón Manizales 29.48 58.1 0 2924

Bus Manizales 40.87 32.2 2.2 909.2

Peatón Bogotá 55.6 38.1 5 189.8

Bus Bogotá 176.3 137.8 18.4 1203

Bicicleta Bogotá 92.6 115.2 1 3604

BC

(µg/m3)

Peatón Manizales 14.5 23.8 0.315 323.1

Bus Manizales 22.4 23.4 0.381 192

Peatón Bogotá 18.9 17.3 0.8 99.9

Bus Bogotá 89.9 85.8 5.9 716.9

Bicicleta Bogotá 25.6 39.2 1.1 3157

Black carbon and PM2.5 exposure campaign

Environment City BC/PM2.5

Peatón Manizales 0.49

Bus Manizales 0.54

Peatón Bogotá 0.34

Bus Bogotá 0.51

Bicicleta Bogotá 0.28

BC/PM2.5 relation

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Bus evaluationPM2.5 variation at Milan Zone (East of the city) from 09:00 to 10:00 hours

Black carbon and PM2.5 exposure campaign

BUS evaluation:PM2.5 variation at Downtown and main Santander avenuefrom 11:00 to 11:40 hours

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Black carbon and PM2.5 exposure campaign

Pedestrian evaluation:BC variation at Downtownfrom 10:00 to 11:00 hours

Pedestrian evaluationBC variation at Milan Zone (East of the city) from 11:00 to 12:00 hours

PAH measurements in ambient air of ManizalesMaster thesis research, Camilo ZapataCollaboration with Prof. Marco Tadeu Grassi

Chemistry Department - Universidade Federal do Paraná

Centro Politécnico

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PAH measurements in ambient air of Manizales

Monitoring areas in Manizales: city center, residential, commercial and

industrial

Composed monitoring instrument (Filter and PUF)

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• US-EPA Method TO-13A• Campaign: June, July, August and September 2018• 3 Composed monitoring points: 80 samples• 10 Composed samples per point (30 PM and 30 gases samples)• Priority 16 PAH-EPA analysis in all samples• Also in city center: 10 PM10 samples and 10 PM2.5 samples

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Future studies and BC research

�New estimation of Manizales Emission Inventory. 2017 Year Base: Project performed

with Environmental Authority CORPOCALDAS

�We are considering to include BC estimations.

�Analysis of PAH results

�Final results of exposure campaign

�One of our researchers will study her PhD in TROPOS (Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric

Research) in Leipzig, Germany 2019-2022. Project “Biomass burning and the effects on

black carbon and brown carbon”. Campaigns and data analysis in Germany and Slovenia

(Jožef Stefan Institute) will be done. Interest in developing a BC and BrC campaign in

Colombia.

González, C. M., Gómez, C. D., Rojas, N. Y., Acevedo, H., & Aristizábal, B. H. (2017).Relativeimpactof on-roadvehicular and poin-sourceindustrial emissionsof airpollutantsin a medium-sizedAndeancity. AtmosphericEnvironment, 279-289.

Carn, S. A., Fioletov, V. E., McLinden, C. A., Li, C., Krotkov, N. A. (2017). A decadeofglobal volcanicSO2emissionsmeasuredfromspace. ScientificReports, 7, 44095.

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References

GRACIAS

GRUPO DE TRABAJO ACADÉMICO EN INGENIERÍA HIDRAÚLICA Y AMBIENTAL