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Bicol UniversityCollege of Engineering

Department of ArchitectureLegazpi City

A RESEARCH WORK ON URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Community Architecture and Urban Design (AR 311)

PALEVINO, MARINET O.BS Architecture 4A

AR. DEALCA, RAMON E.Professor

Community Architecture and Urban Design

WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN?

The art of creating and shaping cities and towns

Urban design involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport systems, services, and amenities. Urban design is the process of giving form, shape, and character to groups of buildings, to whole neighborhoods, and the city.

It is a framework that orders the elements into a network of streets, squares, and blocks. Urban design blends architecture, landscape architecture, and city planning together to make urban areas functional and attractive.

Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movement and urban form, nature and the built fabric. Urban design draws together the many strands of place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the creation of places with distinct beauty and identity.

Urban design is derived from but transcends planning and transportation policy, architectural design, development economics, engineering and landscape. It draws these and other strands together creating a vision for an area and then deploying the resources and skills needed to bring the vision to life.

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FACTORS OF URBAN DESIGN

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URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

Principle A– URBANISM

STRIVE TO CREATE AND RESTORE THE EXISTING URBAN FABRIC WITHIN THEMETROPOLITAN REGION, CREATE REAL COMMUNITIES AND DIVERSE DISTRICTS,CONSERVE THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND RESPECT EDMONTON’S BUILTLEGACY.

A1 CREATING + ENHANCING THE CITY

• Is new development integrated with the broader existing city pattern?• Does this project respect historical boundaries, patterns and precedents?• Does this project support or enhance the city’s alternative transportationframework?

A2 CREATING + ENHANCING THE NEIGHBOURHOOD, DISTRICT +CORRIDOR

• Does this project contribute to creating a neighbourhood that is diverse, compact,pedestrian-friendly and mixed-use?

• Does this project create opportunities for daily living activities within walkingdistance?• Does this project contribute to creating a broad range of housing types?• Does this project embed civic, cultural or commercial uses within theneighbourhood or district (avoids creating remote, single-use complexes)?• Does this project respect or use conservation areas or open space to define and linkdifferent neighbourhoods or districts?• How do the landscape and amenities enhance the project and the community?

A3 CREATING + ENHANCING THE BLOCK, STREET + BUILDING

• What elements does the project design exhibit that contribute to a positive humanexperience?• How does the project respect “human scale”, encourage activity and engage thepasser-by at street level? • How does this project enhance the physical definition of streets and public spaces as places of shared use?

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•

Are there window openings and diversity of uses to encourage active edges?• How does this project provide its inhabitants with a clear sense of time, weather and location?

• How are “quiet spaces” integrated into the project?• How does the project encourage a safe environment?• How is the project designed for both day and night?• If a civic building or public gathering space- how does this project reinforce the community identified?

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Principle B –DESIGN EXCELLENCE

EXEMPLIFY DESIGN EXCELLENCE BY INCORPORATING, TRANSLATING AND INTERPRETING ALL THREE DESIGN PRINCIPLES TO THE GREATEST EXTENT POSSIBLE, CONSISTENT WITH BEST CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES.

B1 SUSTAINABILITY IS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF THE DESIGN

• Has the economic, social and environmental sustainability of the project beenconsidered?• Has a recognized standard sustainability evaluation tool been used?• Have air, water and energy conservation + quality strategies been incorporated?

B2 INTEGRATION AND ENCOURAGEMENT OF PUBLIC ARTS AND CULTURE

• How does the design intend to embrace and incorporate the arts such as visual andperforming arts into its design?• How do the design and the project intend to contribute to Edmonton’s culturalfabric?• Does it treat architecture as art?

B3 CELEBRATE THE WINTER CITY + EDMONTON’S CLIMATE

• Does the design interpret and embrace Edmonton’s four season climate?• How is the design adaptable to constantly changing weather patterns?• How is protection from the elements built into the design?• How does the design address indoor and outdoor connectivity during extreme weather conditions?• How does the design celebrate the extended daylight hours in Edmonton in thesummer and the minimal daylight hours in the winter?• Does it provide public and private outdoor spaces?

B4 DURABLE, PERMANENT AND TIMELESS MATERIALS

• How and what materials have been selected that fit with the climate and the urbanenvironment?• How are the materials appropriate to the project?• How does the choice of materials contribute to longevity of the project?• How are workmanship and craftsmanship addressed in this project?

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B5 APPROPRIATE USE OF INNOVATION

• How has innovation been incorporated into the design?• How is this project different from comparable projects?• Does this project address or challenge current development policy?

Principle C – SCALE, CONNECTION + CONTEXT

DEMONSTRATE APPROPRIATE SCALE, INTEGRATION OF DESIGN ELEMENTS AND FIT WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRECINCT

C1 EXEMPLIFY NEIGHBOURLINESS: CELEBRATE, ENGAGE AND ENHANCETHE UNIQUE CONTEXT OF LOCATION

• What are the unique features of the precinct that the design is celebrating andbuilding upon?• How does the project contribute to the surrounding neighbourhood?• How does the visual impact of the project relate to its surroundings?• Does it provide clarity and consistency of form and detail?• Is the signage compatible with the building and surrounding community?• How does this project deal with the roofscapes that it creates?

C2 CELEBRATE + RESPECT HERITAGE

• How does the project respect, contribute or renew the memory or heritage ofbuildings, districts and landscapes?• If the project does not respect and contribute to the heritage of the area, why not?

C3 ENHANCE + PRESERVE CONNECTIONS

• Are there clear and multiple points of arrival to the development?• How does the project address wayfinding to key destinations in the community?• How does the project encourage and support non-motorized modes of transportationincluding pedestrian circulation?• How does the project connect with or incorporate public transit?• How does the project incorporate vehicles and parking?• How does this project contribute to or discourage the movement, (or views) ofplants and animals and their activity at the edges of development?• How does the project preserve or establish connections with significant landmarks,public spaces and the river valley?

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• How does the project respect the coherence of the current urban structure in the area(hierarchy of streets, green spaces and local daily activity patterns)

• How does this project holistically connect the ecology between the surroundingcommunity and this design?

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Of LEGAZPI


Origin of Name

Historically, the city was named Legazpi, to

perpetuate to the memory of Adelantado Don Miguel

Lopez de Legazpi. This was the agreement made

between the original inhabitants of the place and the

Spaniards during the former’s quest for autonomy. It

took them 21 years, in which they sought the help

and support of the Spaniards, then living in the town.

As a sign of gratitude, the people readily accepted

the name, which was also then proposed by the

Spaniards upon fulfillment of their efforts.

Foundation

On September 22, 1856, through a Royal Decree,

the name Legazpi was officially adopted to include

the visitas of Lamba, Rawis and Bigaa, and declaring

it an independent town. It was formally inaugurated

on October 23, 1856. It began as a barangay called

Sawangan (now Legazpi Port) whose inhabitants

were mostly fishermen and farmers.

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

Of LEGAZPI

LEGAZPI CITY


In 1587, Franciscan friars of the Doctrina of

Cagsawa began to convert the settlement to

Christianity and in 1616 they transformed it into a

separate town and parish called Albay. Its first parish

priest built a small chapel and established the

“Mission de San Gregorio Magno de Sawangan.”

The progress of two centuries was razed to the

ground in the eruption of Mayon Volcano on

February 1, 1814. The people was evacuated to

Makalaya (now Taysan) and on the decree of the

Gobierno Superior on October 1, 1829, prohibiting

the founding of another town they finally settled in

Taytay (Bagumbayan). In 1818, Sawangan, then

already known as the town of Albay, was separated

from Cagsawa and was made the capital of Partido

de Ibalon (the old name of Albay Province).

Some of the people, however, remained in the old town and

began anew as a barrio. In lieu of their former patron saint, St.

Gregory the Great, which had also been transferred to Albay, they

adopted St. Raphael, the Archangel and transformed the ermita into

a church. They finally regained their old status but never changed the

name of the place as Albay Viejo or Banwang Daan. Even after their

autonomy in 1856, they called it “Binanuahan”, meaning the former

sit of a town.

Mayon Volcano, June 27, 1928

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The old Cagsawa Church

EVENTS

The city had its beginnings as Sawangan, a small settlement by a mangrove swamp.

From 1587 to 1616, the spiritual administration of this settlement was under Cagsawa.

In 1616, it was made into a town called Albaybay (meaning “by the bay”).

The church, together with several houses, were buried during the 1754 eruption of Mayon Volcano

The February 1, 1814 eruption destroyed the town’s new church and half of the town.

On September 22 1856, by virtue of a Royal Decree, Sawangan's name was changed to Legaspi (after Spanish conquistador Don Miguel Lopez de Legaspi) with

Don Lorenzo Hac as the first gobernadorcillo

On May 18, 1872, it was designated as an open port.

Legaspi became a city under the Becerra Law of 1892.

On October 17, 1894, part of Albay's territory was ceded to Sorsogon.

On September 22, 1898, Filipino rebels grab control of Legaspi after civil guards under Anacleto Solano joined their side.

During the Philippine-American War, Legaspi was occupied by four companies of U.S. troops plus a gunboat after desperate resistance by its outnumbered and

outgunned defenders led by Gens. Belarmino and Jose Paua.

During the American occupation, Legaspi reverted back into a municipality becoming the capital in 1908.

On December 12, 1945, during World War II, the Japanese Kimura Detachment landed and occupied Legaspi City which was only defended by the Philippine

Constabulary unit of Maj. Francisco Sandico.

On April 1, 1945, the U.S. 158th Regiment liberated the city.

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Historical Archieves


On July 18, 1948, Legaspi, including the town of Daraga, became a city for the second time by virtue of Republic Act No. 306.

On June 8, 1954, it was recreated as a municipality

Legaspi became a city for the third time on June 12, 1959 by virtue of Republic Act No. 5525.

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The Raegan Barracks of Philippine Scouts, now Camp Simeon Ola


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The old St. Raphael Church (it was rebuilt after WWII)

Saint Raphael ChurchFrom 1587 to 1616 the spiritual administration of this town was under Cagsawa. The church together with several houses was

burned in 1754. The eruption of Mayon Volcano on February 1, 1814, destroyed the new church and half of

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the town. In 1856 the old name Pueblo Viejo was

officially changed to Legazpi. The present church was

built in 1834, mainly through the generosity of Pedro

Romer

In 1924, under the administration of Municipal

President Crispin de la Torre, the Citizen Committee on Rizal

monument headed by Juaquin San Agustin erected the first

Rizal monument, executed by the sculpture Tomas Zamora.

Forty two years later, in 1966 under the administration of City

Mayor Luis S. Los Baños, the citizen committee on parks and

playgrounds headed by Pura Jeda Los Baños converted the

monument site to a central park of Legazpi Port District. Arch.

Everardo N. Napay executed the architectural design with its

towering fountain as the center piece.

In 1997, under the dynamic leadership of City Mayor

Imelda C. Roces, first lady mayor of Legazpi City and with the

able support of the Sangguniang Panglunsod, vigorous

renovation and upgrading works. Designed along simple times

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Plaza Rizal


by the City Engineer’s office, the park spreading over 750 sq. m. was renovated with the ambiance and character of an urban luxury.

Plaza Rizal Development

1924 1966 1980’s 1997 2004

Rizal Monument Committee

Municipal InstitutionCapinpin De La Tore

-Erection of the very first Rizal Monument.

-Center piece of the Park

Sculpture executed by

Thomas Zamora.

Rizal Park committeePura Jeda Los Baños

City Mayor Luis S. Los Baños

-Relocated/reposition of the monument.

-introduce the fountain as the center piece of

the park.

Arch. Everardo N. Napay

City Government of Legazpi City

Goyeto Imperial

-Backfill/Garden soil, olive palms and

Blue grass.


City Mayor Imelda C. Roces

Water cascadesRefinish courtyard

and side walks.

-Introduce the wall fronting the church

Plaza Rizal

Arch. Reynaldo S. Acosta


City Mayor Noel E. Rosal

-Introduce the fountain by Industron

-Replace park lights

-Introduce articulated

Architectural park lights (Geolights)

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-by Ramson Inductries

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The steet along Albay Cathedral where Peñaranda Park is presently

located


Peñaranda Park

The Peñaranda Park (also called Freedom Park) in the Old Albay District of Legazpi City is a plaza dedicated to the first Governor of

Albay, Jose Ma. Peñaranda who served from 1834-1840. Followng the traditional style of Spanish-type plazas, the Pearanda Park is surrounded

by administrative and religious institutions, most notably the Albay Capitol, the Legazpi City Hall, and the St. Gregory the Great Cathedral. It is

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also a stone’s throw away from educational institutions such as the Divine World College of Legazpi as well as convention facilities such as the

Albay Astrodome.

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Saint Gregory the Great Cathedral


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Legazpi City Decades Ago


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Legazpi City at present


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Saint Agnes Academy destroyed by american in 1945


saint agnes academy destroyed by american in 1945

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Legazpi PNR Station


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RIGHT, OLD MAPS. LEFT, OLD AERIAL VIES OF LEGAZPI CITY


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RURAL BARANGAYSLEGAZPI CITY


RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

The City of Legazpi is currently undergoing an infrastructure and construction boom with several road and bridge projects nearing completion in and

around the city’s vibrant business district. The centerpiece of these projects is the new seaside Legazpi Boulevard stretching more than 4 kilometers from

the Embarcadero to Barangay Lamba in the south. The scenic coastal road and seawall will take advantage of the panoramic view of deep blue Albay Gulf, the

unique Kapuntukan (Sleeping Lion Hill), nearby islands, and of course, the peerless Mayon Volcano. More importantly, the new seaside road will open up the city’s

southern barangays: a new frontier for investments.

The Rizal road project is another road network nearing completion. Leg

business zones but also in far-flung

Court, Dap-Dap, Taysan roads are also almost completed.

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http://wowlegazpi.com/2009/02/20/kapuntukan-sleeping-lion-hill/

http://wowlegazpi.com/2010/02/12/embarcadero/

http://wowlegazpi.com/2009/10/06/new-legazpi-boulevard-and-seawall-inaugurated/


Aerial view of Legazpi Port District

Aerial view of Legazpi Port District | Photo by Brandon Rodriguez

The Estanza road opening will provide access to the highlands of Legazpi, another prime location for future investments. The new roads being built

there will also directly link to the GUICADALE(Guinobatan-Camalig-Daraga-Legazpi) Development Platform – a massive infrastructure project

designed to create a new economic hub in the Bicol Region that is safe from the threats posed by Mayon volcano eruptions, lahar flows, flooding

and tsunamis.

Estanza Road Opening | Photo by Simon Listana

Estanza Road Opening | Photo by Simon Listana

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The Estanza road opening will provide access to the highlands of Legazpi, another prime location for future investments. The new

roads being built there will also directly link to the GUICADALE(Guinobatan-Camalig-Daraga-Legazpi) Development Platform – a massive infrastructure project designed to create a

new economic hub in the Bicol Region that is safe from the threats posed by Mayon volcano eruptions, lahar flows, flooding and

tsunamis.

http://wowlegazpi.com/2010/06/13/metro-albay-seen-as-south%E2%80%99s-next-economic-hub/

http://wowlegazpi.com/2010/05/27/rdc5-endorses-albay%E2%80%99s-guicadale-platform-project/


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Legazpi Grand Terminal

Embarcadero de Legazpi

Pacific Mall

The Oriental

Hotel ST. Ellis

Lingnon Hill


URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND LEGAZPI CITY HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

I. Abstract

II. Introduction

III. Methods/Procedure

IV. Results

V. Conclusions/Discussion

VI. Bibliography

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CONTENTS


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This research paper gives necessary knowledge about Legazpi City specifically its

historical developments.

The first part discusses about Urban Planning’s principles that can be the basic

knowledge on Urban Design Courses. On the second part of the research, readers will find out

how Legazpi City got its name, part of its political and economical trades and the developments

it undergone. Furthermore, old and recent pictures of some places in Legazpi City where

provided in order for the reader for an easy visualization of what the subject i s about.

At the end of the research process, an output was produced that can be used as a

reference by students and other people inclined with Urban Planning.


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Urban Design is the art of creating and shaping cities and towns.it is concerned with

major and minor developments of a particular area ito a more organized, more functional and

more beatiful place. Interaction among several factors are being studied in this field, these

factors are commonly those that can’t be easily seen but affects mostly to every individual.

Legazpi is a city situated in Albay and also serves as its capital that serves as the center

for economy, politics, education, rising infrastructures, busy traffic flow, settlements and

others. Legazpu City is composed of two major districts, (Old) Albay District and Legazpi

District.

The main focus of this research is to relate and recognize various ideas of urban design

as applied in Legazpi City.


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Methodology

The methodology used in preparing this research is thru collection and organization of

existing data. The internet and some related published resources were used. The information

gathered were then organized to form an effective output.


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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


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At the end of the research process, an output was produced that is about principles of

urban design. Urbanism, design excellence and scale, connection + context are the major

principles used.

Legazpi City’s Historical Development was also discussed and it has been found that its various development was affected by several events that may not altered but can be studied very well to make an effective plan and help its people adapt with the changes that is affected cy the environment, calamities, technology and the its people.


http://www.urbandesign.org/ http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Principles_of_Urban_Design.pdf www.neda5.net/rdc.../ legazpi _ city / history .htm www. legazpicity .gov.ph/offices_depts.php ? wow legazpi .com/ history -of- legazpi - city /

Albay Provincial Library, Legazpi City

Economic Profile 1973, prepared by Development Planning

Division City Mayor of Legazpi City

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Bibliography

http://www.legazpicity.gov.ph/offices_depts.php

http://www.neda5.net/rdc.../legazpi_city/history.htm

http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Principles_of_Urban_Design.pdf

http://www.urbandesign.org/

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