One Year on from Lang'ata: Why Public Schools are Still at Risk

OneYearafterLang’ata:WhyPublicSchoolsinKenyaareStillatRisk.ShuleYanguAlliancePolicyBrief,February4th2016


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TableofContents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSANDPOSTSCRIPT..............................................................................................................2ACRONYMS............................................................................................................................................................2EXECUTIVESUMMARY............................................................................................................................................3THECHALLENGEOFPROTECTINGPUBLICPROPERTY..............................................................................................4ONEYEARSINCETHERECLAMATIONOFLANG’ATAROADPRIMARYSCHOOL.........................................................4WHATISTHESTATEOFPUBLICSCHOOLLANDINKENYA?......................................................................................5WHATNEEDSTOHAPPENNOW.............................................................................................................................8RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................................................8APPENDIX1:RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY................................................................................................................9APPENDIX2:2015TIME-LINE..................................................................................................................................9APPENDIX3:SURVEYQUESTIONNAIRE..................................................................................................................10REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................................11

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSANDPOSTSCRIPTThispolicybriefisgeneratedbytheKenyaDialoguesProjectattheSocietyforInternationalDevelopment(SID)fortheShuleYanguAlliance. ItwaswrittenbyIrũngũHoughton.Whileassertingourfullresponsibilityfortheanalysisandconclusions contained in this policy brief, SID acknowledges ShuleYanguAlliancemembersnamely;National LandCommission,EastAfricanCentreforHumanRights(EACHRights),KenyaAlliancefortheAdvancementofChildRights(KAACR),ElimuYetuCoalition,AmnestyInternational,AfricaNetworkCampaignonEducationForAll(ANCEFA),PawaInitiative,GirlChildNetwork(GCN)fortheirongoingworktoprotectschoolsatrisk.WeparticularlythanktheKenyaPrimaryHeadTeachersAssociation(KEPSHA)ImmediateformerNationalChairpersonJosephKarugaandProgrammeOfficerRebeccaOtieno,KenyaSecondaryHeadTeachersAssociation(KESSHA)ChiefExecutiveOfficerNicodemus Bore,National Land Commission ChairmanDr.Muhammad Swazuri, Chief ExecutiveOfficer TomChavangi, Commissioners and staff.We acknowledge intellectual input fromBoazWaruku (ANCEFA),AbrahamOchieng (EACHRights) former and current SID staff JustusWambayi, FlorenceAnnan, JoanNjagi, BaniceMburu,OrwaMichael,LennWanyama,MorrisMaina,MathiasKinyodaandAliHersi.Originally launchedon theeveof the firstanniversaryof theLang’ataRoadPrimarySchool land reclamation, thisversionhasbeenupdatedtoincorporatecommentsfromtheNationalLandCommission(NLC),MinistryofHousingandUrbanDevelopmentandtheMinistryofEducation.AkeyoutcomeofthebriefwastheadoptionofthefiverecommendationsinameetingchairedbyCabinetSecretaryProf Jacob Kaimenyi, State Department of Lands, Housing & Urban Development on January 18th 2016.Work isunderwaytomeettheMarch2016deadlinefortheinitialtitlingofover2,000schools.

ACRONYMSANCEFA AfricaNetworkCampaignonEducationforAll MLHUD MinistryofLands,HousingandUrbanDevelopmentCAJ CommissionontheAdministrationofJustice NGO Non-GovernmentalOrganisationEACC EthicsandAnti-CorruptionCommission NLC NationalLandCommissionEACHRights EastAfricaCentreforHumanRights NSSF NationalSocialSecurityFundEYC ElimuYetuCoalition PTA ParentTeacherAssociationGCN GirlChildNetwork SID SocietyforInternationalDevelopmentKAACR KenyaAlliancefortheAdvancementofChildRights TSC TeachersServiceCommissionKEPSHA KenyaPrimarySchoolsHeadTeachersAssociation UN UnitedNationsKESSHA KenyaSecondarySchoolsHeadsAssociation


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EXECUTIVESUMMARY

Thefailedattempttograb0.6hectarespossiblyworthmorethanKshs80million(US$900,000)fromLang’ataRoadPrimarySchoolon19thJanuary2015shatteredthefearandsilenceoverlandmisgovernanceinKenya.1

Aftertheviolentteargassingofschool-childrenandthearrestsofconcernedcitizensdisappearedfromthenationaland international headlines, schools, public benefits organisations, the National Land Commission and theGovernmenthavecontinuedtobattleagainstthesystemicstrippingofpublicschoolland.Yet,oneyearon,notoneschoolhas receiveda lease certificate in compliancewith the January22PresidentialDirective tohaveall 29,404primaryandsecondarypublicschoolstitled.Kenyafacesanepicrushforland-basedinvestmentsinacontextofafundamentalbreakdowninthevalueofpublicspaces.Publicofficialsandprivatebusinesspeopleareactivelyunderminingamoratoriumonthetransferofpublicassetsduringthetransitiontodevolution.Publicsilence,corruptionandcollusionofpublicofficialsareattheheartofthe problem. Administrative delays in the implementation of the Presidential Directive and community inactionperpetuatetheproblem.Intheabsenceofasystematictitlingprogramme,demonstrations,walldemolitions,occupations,legalinjunctionsandmediacoveragearetheresponsestoencroachment,outrightgrabs,bribery,intimidationandlegalchallengesforourschools.Kenyafacesaviciousscrambleforpubliclandandschoolsareatthecentreofthis.Fortheveryfirsttime,wecanmakepublicprimarydataonthefrequency,scaleandimpactofschoolland-grabbingin45 counties. Informant interviewswith3,475Head teachers show that83%ofourpublic schools are currentlywithout title-deedsor leasecertificates.41%ofourpublicschoolsareat riskofencroachmentandgrabbing.14%(about4,100)ofallschoolshavereportedcasesoflandcontestation,encroachmentorgrabbingtotheNationalLandCommission.Consequently,wecallfor;

1. TheMinistryofLands,HousingandUrbanDevelopmenttoissuelease-certificatestothe2,400schoolsthathavealreadybeensurveyed;

2. TheCabinettofast-tracktheapprovalthewaivingofsurveyfeesandallothercostsforthe5,000otherschoolswhohavealreadyappliedforassistancetodetermineschoolboundaries;

3. TheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandTechnologytoencourageall remainingschoolstoapplyfortitle-deeds;

4. All47CountyGovernmentstourgentlycompletetheirauditsallpublicschoolsandotherpublicutilitiesandwhereappropriateissuelease-certificates;

5. TheestablishmentofarapidresultstitlingtaskforceofGovernmentMinistries,NationallandCommission,ShuleYanguAlliance,TeachersAssociations.

WhydidtheGovernmentbuildthewallatnight?Whytear-gasuswhenwearefightingforourrights?BeforeGodweask,returnourfield.Nofield,noschool.Wearetomorrow’sGovernment.

Pupil,LangátaRoadPrimarySchool,January19,2015https://youtu.be/K0-TpqsDQYgIamawarethatfacelessdevelopershaveattemptedtogivethemselvestheplaygroundsofyourchildren’sschools.PopeFrancis,November27,2015http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/27/africa/africa-pope-francis-trip/IdirecttheMinistryofLandsandtheNairobiCountyGovernmenttoissuetitledeedstoallschoolsinthenameofschoolcommitteesandboardsofgovernors.

H.E.PresidentUhuruKenyatta,January22,2015http://allafrica.com/stories/201502060306.html


THECHALLENGEOFPROTECTINGPUBLICPROPERTYKeyinternationalconventions,theKenyanconstitutionandnational legislationenshrineournational values,stateobligationsanddirectives.TheRighttoPlayandParticipation are internationally recognized rights forallchildren.Kenyanboysandgirlsarenoexception.Article31ofthe1989U.N.ConventionontheRightsoftheChildstatesthatthechildhasarighttoleisure,playand participation in cultural and artistic activities.Article53(b)andArticle62(4)oftheConstitutionofKenyaprotectsandpromotes therightofchildrentofreeandcompulsoryeducationandtheprotectionofpublic land respectively.Without them, the vision ofequitable land governance, child and property rightswouldbeanillusion.2The current scramble for Kenyan public school landreflects someof the greatest challenges ofmatchingthe vision and promise of these instruments, normsandstandards.Decadesofabandoningurbanplanning,public infrastructural investment, service-provisionand land use management has left the market toappropriateurbanspaceswithoutanyrealrestrictiontoreal-estatespeculationorexponentialrevenues.3A recent Hass Consult Nairobi land prices surveyreveals that land has been among the fastestappreciatingcommodities.Priceshaverisenfourtimesmorethanpropertyandtwiceasmuchascattle.Thescarcity of land in urban towns and cities is fuellingillegalacquisitionofpublic land ingeneralandpublicschools in particular for residential and commercialinvestment.SeveralpartsofNairobi,thecapitalcityinwhichLang’ataPrimarySchoolsits,haveseena600%increaseinlandvalueoverthelasteightyears.Theincreasingvalueoflandislargelydrivenbyalargedeficit for housing which stood at 2 million units in2012andcontinuestogrowatarateof200,000unitsper year.4 At the same time, urban centres areexperiencing a rapid growth of informal people’ssettlements or slums. Between 60-80% of Kenya’surban population live in informal urban settlements.60% of Nairobi residents live in settlements withoutany securityof tenureon5percentof the total landarea.5Rural-urbanmigration,increasingurbanpovertyand inequalities,highcostsof living,non-transparentlandallocationsystems,landgrabbingandinsufficientinvestmentinnewlow-incomehousingdrivestherapidgrowthofurbanslums.

As a consequence of high speculative prices anddemandforhousingtherefore,publicspacesinKenyaare increasingly vulnerable to illegal acquisition orencroachment. In the absence of decisive publicleadershipand citizen’s action,public schools,healthfacilities,airports,prisons,police-stationsandtertiaryeducation institutions remain endangered by illegalacquisitionandencroachment.

Table1:CurrentlandpricesinnineNairobiWardsArea PriceperAcre(Kshs.)

UpperHill 470MillionKilimani 370Million

Westlands 360MillionKileleshwa 250MillionLavington 200Million

SpringValley 140MillionRunda 60MillionKaren 40Million

Lang’ata 40Million

Source:DailyNation,February1st2015The vulnerability of public land also arises from thehistorical policy of not titling public land stretchingbacktothecolonialperiod.Titlesandleasecertificateswere awardedby the colonial and then independentStateonlywhenlandwasbeingtransferredtoprivatecitizens, companies or communities. In the currentcontext of devolved administration, corruption andincreased demand, this outdated policy approach isinsufficienttoprotectpublicland.Today’s challenge is not unique to Kenya. Bothneighbouring Uganda and North America areconfrontedbythesamechallenge.In2015,atleast10schools in Kampala and elsewhere were evicted topavethewayforpublicinterests.6TheintroductionofTeachforAmericaandthecharterschoolsmovementhavebeencriticisedfortheclosureofpublicschools,transfer of public property and assets to venturebusinessinterests.7

ONEYEARSINCETHERECLAMATIONOFLANG’ATAROADPRIMARYSCHOOL

Prior to this research, therehasbeen surprising verylittleinformationonschoollandgrabbingavailabletothepublic.Anotableexceptionisthe2014CountyofNairobi Education Task Force headed by Dr. MarkMatunga.TheirreportpresentedtotheNairobiCountyGovernor six months before the Lang’ata incidentfound that only 3 out of 50 schools visited had titledeeds,1 in10hadexperiencedencroachmenteitherby communities, private developers and religiousorganisationsand1in4schoolswereunclearoftheirboundaries.8 There is little-known evidence of theCounty of Nairobi having acted on these alarmingfindingsin2014.


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WHATISTHESTATEOFPUBLICSCHOOLLANDINKENYA?

There is a total of 29,404 public schools in Kenya.21,718ofthemareprimaryschoolsandtheremaining7,686aresecondaryschools9.InJuly2015,3,475Headteachersofprimaryschoolsfrom45countiesand285sub-countiesparticipatedinoursurveyonthestateofpublicschoollandinKenyatoday.10NearlyhalfoftheHeadTeacherssurveyedcamefromprimaryschoolsinthepopulousKakamega,Makueni, Bungoma,Bomet,Kisumu,Migori,KerichoandTrans-Nzoiacounties.According to National Land Commission experts, theacreage of public schools ranges from 0.25 to 124hectares.Mostschoolsoccupybetween5-6hectares.Three types of tenure systems dominate schoolsnamely;

• Freehold - those in adjudication andsettlement areas, former trust lands andagriculturalareas;

• Leasehold-urbanareasandcitiesand;• Those with no security of tenure namely

schools in gazetted forests and informalsettlements.

Schoolsareatfourdifferentstagesofadjudicationandtitling namely: Titled schools, Planned schools underDevelopment Plans or Part Development Plans,Surveyedschools,Unplannedorsurveyedschools,andSchoolsinconflictordisputedoverboundaries.1183%ofKenyanpublicschoolsdonothavetitle-deedsorleasecertificates.41%ofschoolshavenoallotmentletters and 55% of schools are yet to be surveyed.Thesefactssuggestthatalargenumberofschoolsareat risk of encroachment and grabbing. The 35% ofschoolsthathavebeensurveyedrepresentquickwinsfortheGovernmenttitlingprogramme.

Schoolswithouttitle-deeds

Titlingofthepublicschoolsmustbeapproachedwithcare toensurethat landheld in thepublic interest isnot intentionally or unintentionally through debttransferred into private hands. Rather thantransferable title-deeds, schools require leasecertificates with clear conditions against use ascollateralforloansorsalebytheschoolHeadTeachers,Management Committees or Governance bodies. Asbasic education is a national function, primary andsecondary school lease certificates should be held intrustbytheMinistryofFinancewithcopiesheldbytheHeadTeachers.

Schoolswithoutallotmentletters

Un-surveyedschools

Protectionofschoolsisnotonlyalegalmatter.Fencingof schools isequally critical forat least four reasons.Growingnationalandglobalconcernsaboutthesafetyofourschoolsdrivetheneedforschooladministratorstobeabletocontrolaccessplusmaintainsurveillanceover the entire property. Defined perimeters alsoenablelandscapemaintenance,guardagainsttheftofschool property and abuse of minors by the widerpopulation.12For Kenya, fencing is a deterrent against “privatedevelopers” orwhat one anti-corruption campaignerhascalled“thewhitecollarthiefwhoappropriateslandagainst the public interest for exclusively privategain”.13 Only 1% of our schools are surrounded bypermanentwalls.48%relyonbarbedwireandanother21%onlivefencesorbush.Byanyinterpretation,moreisneededbyschools,parentsandtheGovernmenttotransformthis.14

15%

83%

2%

Yes No noresponse

41%

4%

55%No

noresponse

Yes

55%

10%

35%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

No noresponse Yes

Total


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Areaofschoollandfenced

TypeoffenceThe poor state of fencing contributes to the lack ofunderstanding by Head Teachers on the exactboundariesoftheschoolstheyaremanaging.The2014NairobiEducationTaskforceReviewfindingthat1in10schools are not confident in determining theirboundaries is sadly re-affirmed by our nationalfindings. 1 out of 10 Head Teachers interviewed isunsure of the school boundaries.Moreworryingly isthe finding that 71% of the schools have seen theiracreagedecreaseovertime.

Changesinschoolsizeovertime(%)

Further investigation is needed to deepenunderstandingwhethertheacreagedecreaseisduetoencroachment, land-grabbing or ceding of primaryschools to build complementary institutions such assecondary, early childhood or tertiary institutions.Whatisindisputable,isthatthephenomenaofschoolgrabs is a nation-wide problem. The National LandCommissioncurrentlyhasreports from4,100schoolscomplaining of land contestation, encroachment andgrabbing by third parties.15 This study reveals thebiggestculpritstobelocalcommunities(65%),publicinstitutions (18%), religious institutions (10%),politicians (5%), Parent-Teachers Associations andNGOs(1%)inthisorder.

Whoisgrabbingschoolland?(Frequency)

Case-Study1:StCatherine’sPrimarySchool,NairobiSouthBThisschooliscontestingthelossoftwopiecesoflandto private developers with the assistance of officersfromthedefunctNairobiCityCouncil.Thefirstpieceofland is 1.38 Ha on Plot 209/11881 lies between theschool building and a petrol station. Simon Limo ofHamcoKenyaLimitedsoldthelandtoNationalSocialSecurityFund(NSSF).NSSFlatertransferredthelandtoNemkaAgencieswhocurrentlylayclaimtothepieceofland. The second piece of land is 2.98 Ha of plot209/10826. Despite an allotment letter, Coast BusCompanylaysclaimonthatpieceanddemandsaroadbeconstructedthroughtheschool.ThislandcasehasbeenreportedtothepoliceOB12/24/6/2015.HalfoftheremainingpieceofschoollandisrenderedunsafeforchildrenasNairobiCityCountysewagelineandhighvoltageoverheadcablespassthroughtheschool.Case-Study2:NakaPrimarySchool-NakuruCounty10 acres in Nakuru Municipal Block 23/108 was setasideforpublicschoollandin1985.Onedecadelater,Hyrax developers through the help of a MunicipalCouncil official attempted to seize the school. ThematterwasreferredtocourtandalthoughtheJudgenoted that the title might have been acquiredfraudulently, the court ruled in favour of Hyraxdevelopers.Thematterwasappealed.

28.8

71.2

Increased Decreased

PublicinstitutionPoliticianNGOReligiousinstitutionLocalcommunitySchoolstaff/PTA

24%1%

24%

52%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Total

4821

623

11

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

BarbedwireLivefence

noresponsenotapplicable

OtherWallfence

Barbedwire

Livefence

norespons

e

notapplicable

Other Wallfence

Total 48 21 6 23 1 1

Total


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In November 2015, ShuleYangu alerted the NationalLand Commission who they revoked the earlier titleand reverted the land to the school. With theDecember2015SupremeCourtrulingthattheNLCcanonlyrecommendtherevocationoftitlestothecourts,theschoolisonceagainatrisk.TherearefourtypesofthecomplaintscurrentlywiththeNationallandCommission.Theyinclude;• Private developers who are aided by public

servantstoacquirepartofschoolland;• Religious institutions who acquire properties in

collaboration with public servants after havingoriginallyrequestedthelandforthesolepurposesofestablishingschools;

• People claiming part or entire parcels of schoollandsecuringcourtorders;

• Confusion on who owns the land and the totalacreage.

Faced with encroachment and land-grabbing bypowerfulinterestsmostHeadTeachersreportedtousthey have taken no action. A pattern that policy-makersmustseektounderstandandtransformisthefailure of Education Inspectors, Health Inspectors,District Education Officers, County and NationalGovernment planning officers to blow the whistleeffectively and act. The sober reality of Lang’ataincidentandothersisthatwhenpublicauthoritiesandadultsfailtotakeactionitleaveschildrennooptionbuttoactandprotecttheirplaygrounds.Thosethatdotakeactionhavereportedtoauthoritiesandrevertedtothecourts.Agrowingnumberofhaveseendemonstrationsby school-children, parents andconcernedcitizens.Itistheactionsofthesethathavesaved Lang’ata Road Primary School, Naka PrimarySchool(Nakuru),StCatherine’sPrimarySchool(SouthB,Nairobi)andLavingtonPrimarySchool(Nairobi).

Twice as many Head Teachers experienced theiractions as inefficient as those that thought they hadbeen efficient. This finding is reminiscent of theexperienceoftheLang’ataRoadPrimarySchoolHeadTeacherwhoreportedthebuildingofapermanentwallon school property to the police, Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC), County of NairobiGovernmentandthePolicetonoavail.Inthisregard,thepublicadmonishingof theLang’ataHeadteacherby the Teachers Service Commission (TSC) and theCommissionontheAdministrationofJustice(CAJ)wasmisplaced.16

Effectiveprotectionstrategiestaken

Head Teachers, Parent Teachers Associations andManagement Committees are facing a powerfulcompetitorforpublicresources.Inmostofthecases,thegrabbersarebetter resourcedandbackedwithaweb of relationships among county and nationalGovernments. In most cases, this leaves a HeadTeacherwithamonthlysalaryofKshs70,000(US$780)often left protecting school property worth Kshs500,000 (US$5,600) or more. Head Teachers andGovernancebodychairpersonsrequiremorecapacity-buildingontheactionstheycantakeandthesupporttheyshouldexpect.ThePresidentialdirectiveofJanuary22totheMinistryof Lands,Housing andUrbanDevelopment (MLHUD)and the Nairobi County Government to issue titledeeds to all schools was a bold response to protectschoolslikeLang’ataRoadPrimarySchool.MinistryofEducation, Science and Technology circulars,encouragement by Members of parliament andMembers of County Assemblies and sharing ofShuleyanguguidelinestoPrimaryandSecondaryHeadTeachersincreasedapplicationsfrom301inMarchto7,500byAugust2015.17AccordingtotheNationallandCommission,schoolsinMombasa, Nakuru, Homa Bay andMakueni lead thecountry in terms of applications for titles as apercentageofthetotalnumberofschoolswithintheircounties. 2,400 of these applications have beensurveyedalready.

5.5 12.6 1.4

80.4

0.0

50.0

100.0

Total


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The remaining, 5,000 school applicationswill requirethe MLHUD to waive all fees and costs related tosurveyingbeforetheycanbetitled.Yet,despitealloftheseactions,landgrabbingofschoolscontinues.Inacopy-catactionreminiscentoftheLang’ataRoadPrimary School, KenSomHoldings attempted to takepossessionof twoacresof the51-year-old LavingtonPrimarySchoolon19December2015.Whilerepulsedby vigilant parents, the area Member of ParliamentHonSimbaAratiandasubsequentcourtinjunctionbyNairobi Senator Mike Sonko, this brazen attemptleaves nodoubt that no school is safe until they aretitled.

WHATNEEDSTOHAPPENNOWKenyaisfacinganepicrushforland-basedinvestmentsinacontextofafundamentalbreakdowninthevalueof public spaces. Public officials and private businessare actively undermining the moratorium on thetransfer of public assets during the transition todevolution. Public silence, corruption & collusion ofpublic officials is at the heart of the problem.Bureaucratic delays in the implementation of thePresidential Directive and community inactionperpetuate the problem. There are three majorreasons why decisive and comprehensive action isrequirednow.AsasignatorytotheUNConventionontheRightsoftheChild, theGovernment isobligated to realise theright: toqualitypublic education (Article 28); toplayand recreation (31); tokeepchildren free fromharm(18),punishmentandcruelty(37).Restandrecreationis important for thehealthydevelopmentof childrenplustheimprovementofsocialandpersonalskills.The State is further obligated inArticle 53 (2) of theConstitutionofKenya toensure thebest interestsofchildren are promoted in every matter concerningchildren.Article531(b)alsosecurestherighttofreeandcompulsoryeducationforeverychild;arightthatamongotherthingsrequiresallocatingadequatelandfortheestablishmentofschoolsandothereducationalfacilities,aswellasprotectingschoolsfromlosingtheirland.Kenya is increasingly urbanising. Public utilities andspaces have to be ring-fenced both for current andfuture needs of large numbers of residents,manyofwhom will be low-income and marginalised frompoliticalpower.

Publicpropertystrippingpresentsagravethreattoourability to access public utilities, infrastructuralexpansionandliveininclusivecitiesinfuture.Lastly, the failure to uphold the rule of property lawviolates the sanctity of titles for all. Genuine privatedevelopershavefoundthemselveshandlingsecondorthird generation owned public school land that wasacquired fraudulently. Title uncertainty, revocationsandrepossessiononlandiscostlyforthiscommunityaswell.Enshriningintegrityinlandgovernanceisalsoimportantforthebusinesscommunityaswell.

RECOMMENDATIONSIncoming Ministry of Lands, Housing and UrbanDevelopment Cabinet Secretary Jacob Kaimenyi andNational LandCommissionChairmanDr.MuhammadSwazuri have publicly announced that the titling ofpublic schools will start by March 2016. TheShuleYangu Alliancewelcomes this commitment andurgestheaccelerationofthetitlingofthe2,400publicschoolsthathavebeensurveyedandwhosedetailsarenowwiththeNationalLandCommission.5,000 other schools have applied for assistance todetermineschoolboundaries,surveyingorawardingoftitle-deeds. The October Cabinet memo seeking thewaivingofsurveyingcostsandanyotherfeesrelatedtoprocessingthisschoolsneedstobesubmittedbytheMinistries of Finance, Lands and Education withoutfurtherdelay.A further 22,000 schools still have to apply for leasecertificates. Mobilisation of Head Teachers by theTeachers Service Commission,Ministry of Education,Science and Technology, Kenya National Union ofTeachers,KEPSHAandKESSHAwillbeeasierafterthefirstbatchofschoolsaretitled.2016mustbetheyearwetakeourpublicschoolsofftheprivatemarketanddeclaretheyarenotforsale.Arapidresultstitledeedtaskforcewithrepresentationfrom the Ministries of Lands, Housing and UrbanDevelopment, Education, Science and Technology,CountyGovernments, theNational Land CommissionandtheShuleYanguAllianceisnowrequiredurgentlyto ensure swift and consistent delivery of thisprogramme.


APPENDIX1:RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY Data Data DataCountyName Sumof

FrequencySumof

PercentageCountyName Sumof

FrequencySumof

PercentageCountyName Sumof

FrequencySumof

PercentageBaringo 38 1.09 Kisumu 202 5.81 Narok 62 1.78Bomet 204 5.87 Kitui 57 1.64 Nyamira 39 1.12Bungoma 239 6.88 Kwale 54 1.55 Nyandarua 7 0.20Busia 89 2.56 Laikipia 14 0.40 Nyeri 2 0.06ElgeyoMarakwet 83 2.39 Lamu 8 0.23 Samburu 2 0.06Embu 7 0.20 Machakos 88 2.53 Siaya 142 4.09Garissa 11 0.32 Makueni 234 6.73 TaitaTaveta 49 1.41HomaBay 167 4.81 Mandera 1 0.03 TanaRiver 34 0.98Isiolo 2 0.06 Meru 13 0.37 TharakaNithi 24 0.69Kajiado 21 0.60 Migori 181 5.21 TransNzoia 144 4.14Kakamega 320 9.21 Mombasa 19 0.55 Turkana 1 0.03Kericho 178 5.12 Muranga 12 0.35 UasinGishu 89 2.56Kiambu 18 0.52 Nairobi 24 0.69 Vihiga 68 1.96Kilifi 130 3.74 Nakuru 23 0.66 Wajir 7 0.20Kisii 173 4.98 Nandi 192 5.53 WestPokot 3 0.09GrandTotal 3475 100

Table2:responserateacross45Counties

APPENDIX2:2015TIME-LINE

Monday19thJanuary2015Lang’ataRoadPrimarySchoolreclaimedbyschoolcommunity,

Pupilsteargassedandactivistsarrestedbypolice

First90daysJanuary22:PresidentUhuruKenyattaissuesdirectivetoMinistryofLandsandtheNairobiCounty

GovernmenttotitleallschoolsTransitionalAuthoritywarnsagainstpurchaseofpublicland.

MombasaGovernorAliHassanJohodeclaresthatallschoolswillgettitledeeds.Communitiesandstatetakesactiontore-possess,protectornullifytitle-deedsforpublicspaces;KibagareWetlands,State

HouseCrescentRoad,CityPark/Market,MombasaPrimarySchool,UmojaIIEstatesocialhall,St.Catherine’sPrimarySchool,BuruburuGirlsSecondarySchool,BondeniPrimaryschool(Kayole),MilimaniPrimarySchoolKilimaniPrimarySchool,City

PrimarySchool(Nairobi),Highridgedispensary(Parklands),KakamegaPrimarySchool,NakaPrimarySchool(Nakuru),KasaraniStadium,MadarakaPrimarySchoolandJamhuri1Estateamongothers.

March:NationalLandCommissionreportonly301schoolshaveappliedfortitle-deeds

MarchtoAugust2015May:EightagencieswiththeNationalLandCommissionformtheShuleYanguAlliance

MeetingheldwithMinistryofLands,MinistryofEducation,InstituteofSurveyorsofKenya,LawSocietyofKenya,OfficeofthePresident,OfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral,EthicsandAnti-CorruptionCommission,KenyaPrimaryHeadTeachers

Association,KenyaSecondaryHeadTeachersAssociation,KenyaNationalUnionofTeachers,Schoolsalumniassociationsamongothers

JuneandJuly:Productionanddisseminationofapplicationguidelinesto18,000HeadTeachersAugust:7,500schoolapplicationsfortitlingreceivedbyNationalLandCommission

NovembertoJanuary2016

November:Openmappingsurveysandfencingweeksofactionfor2016designedJunetoDecember:NationalandInternationalmediaengagementthroughpressstatements,pressconferences,

Televisionandradiotalk-showsNovember27:PopeFrancisannouncescorruptionandland-grabbingtobethegreatestthreattoKenyaDecember9:IntegritychampionsandprotectorsofschoollandawardsgiventoSisterMaryKileenand

FrancisMwangiofSt.CatherineandNakaPrimarySchoolsrespectivelyDecember31:JointactionbyareaMPHon.SimbaArati,schoolmanagement,NationalLandCommission,MinistryofLands,

KNUT,KEPSHAandNairobiSenatorHonMikeSonkostopattemptedgrabofLavingtonPrimarySchoolonDecember9Nopupilsteargassedandnoactivitsarrestedbypolice


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APPENDIX3:SURVEYQUESTIONNAIRE

SCHOOLSAFETYSURVEY

THEINFORMATIONYOUGIVEWILLBEHANDLEDCONFIDENTIALLY

ANDWILLBEUSEDFORRESEARCHPURPOSESONLYLY.

Kindlyanswerallthequestionsbytickinginthebox[]orwritinginCAPITALSonthespacegiven.

1. NameoftheSchool 2. IndexCodeforSchool

3. Division 4. Zone

5. County 6. SubCounty

7. NameoftheHeadTeacher

8. MobileNo

9. NameofPTAChairperson

10. MobileNo

11. Isyourschoolfenced?Yes[] No[] 11.(b)IfYes,whatisthetypeofthefence?

[]Livefence[]Wallfence[]BarbedWire[]Other[]

Ifotherpleasespecify________________

12. Istheschoollandsurveyed?Yes[]No[]Idon’tknow[]

13. Doestheschoolhavealetterofallotment?Yes[]No[]

14. (a)Doestheschoolhaveatitledeed?

Yes[]No[]

14.(b)Ifyesin14(a),whoisthecustodianofthetitle

Name/Designation____________________

14.(c)IfYesin14a,whenwasthetitledeedacquired?__/__/______ 14.(d)IfNoin14(a),hastheschoolappliedfortitledeed?

Yes[]No[]IfNo,why?_________________________

15. Doyourequireassistancetoapplyforatitle?Yes[]No[]

Specify____________________________________

16. (a)Isthecurrentacreageoftheschoolthesameaswhentheschoolwasestablished?Yes[]No[]Idon’tKnow[]IfNo,hasit?increased[

]Decreased[]

17. (a)Havetherebeenanyattemptstograbtheschoolland?Yes[]No[]

18. (a)Ifyes,bywho/whom?[]PublicInstitution[]PrivateDevelopers[]ReligiousInstitutions[]Politician

[]LocalCommunity[]NGO[]OtherIfOther,pleasespecify_____________________________________________

19 (b).IfYes,in18(a)whatactionwastaken?

20 (c)IfYes,in18(a)whatisthecurrentstatus?

21.Isthereanyothersupportwithregardssecuringschoollandtitlesthatwecanassistyouwith?(PleaseState)

The #ShuleYangu Campaign Alliance consists of nine conveners namely the National Land Commission, EACHrights, KAACR, ElimuYetuCoalition,Amnesty International,ANCEFA,Pawa Initiative, Society for InternationalDevelopmentandGirlChildNetworkwhohave cometogethertoprotectschoolsagainstillegalland-grabs,supportGovernmenttoissuetitlesandsupportcommunitiestoowntheirschools.TheAllianceseekstohave10,000publicschoolsissuedwithtitledeedsand5,000schoolsfencedacrossthe47counties.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________


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REFERENCES

1TheIndependentPolicyOversightAuthorityreporthttp://ipoa.go.ke/images/press/PRESS-RELEASE-ON-LANGATA-INVESTIGATIONS.pdfandtheCommissionfortheAdministrationofJusticereporthttp://ombudsman.go.ke/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=21&Itemid=238narratetheunjustmannerinwhichlawenforcementrespondedtothisattempttoprotectpubliclandandtherightsofchildren.2UnitedNationsConventionontheRightsoftheChild,ConstitutionofKenyaparticularlyChapter3Article53,5and6,TheChildren’sActArticle7and17provideaclearlegalframeworkandpolicynormsfortheKenyanGovernmentand47CountyGovernments.3ForanexcellentoverviewofthechallengeofurbanisationcontinentallyseeMoIbrahimFoundation2015FactsandFiguresofAfricanUrbanDynamicshttp://static.moibrahimfoundation.org/u/2015/11/19115202/2015-Facts-Figures-African-Urban-Dynamics.pdfpg214UN-Habitat(2015)Countryprofile:Kenyahttp://www.habitat.org/sites/default/files/country_profile_kenya_dec2015.pdf5UN-Habitat(2008)6http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/08/uganda-schools-disappearing-150806084304897.html7http://dianeravitch.net/2015/10/18/the-facts-about-school-closings-they-are-land-grabs/8CountyofNairobiEducationTaskforceReport,2014http://goo.gl/7q8fzX9MinistryofEducationScienceandTechnology(2014)2014BasicEducationStatisticalbooklet,GovernmentofKenya,Nairobi10TeachersfromKirinyagaandMarsabitcountiesdidnotparticipateinthesurvey11OdimaOtieno,NationalLandCommission,SchoolTitlingReporttostakeholders,October2015.12http://www.wssca.org/pdf/School%20Fencing-%20Benefits%20and%20Disadvantages.pdf13http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016/01/08/looking-forward-to-2016s-grassroots-rights-groups_c127159714Whileoutofthescopeofthisbrief,itisworthnotingthatmanyurbanschoolsgrapplewithanumberofchallengesincludingproximitytorivers,forests,airports,railways,motorwaysorhigh-voltagepowertransmissionlines;noisepollutionandthepresenceoftoxicandhazardouswaste.Regulationofinfrastructureandinvestmentaroundschoolsisasdesperatelyneeded.15OdimaOtieno,NationalLandCommission,SchoolTitlingReporttostakeholders,October2015.16CommissionontheAdministrationofJustice“Inthechild’sbestinterest”July2015isotherwiseanexcellentreport17TheShuleYanguguidelinesforreportingland-grabsandapplyingfortitlesisoneinitiativewww.shuleyangu.co.ke

LavingtonPrimarySchoolDeputyHeadTeacher,MargaretKilonzo,withsupportfromShuleYanguerectasignboardsignifyingreclamationoftheschoolsland.


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PhotoCredit:SaturdayNation.

PupilsofNakaPrimarySchoolinNakurudemonstrateagainstthegrabbingof10outof12acresoftheirschoolland.

ReleasedonthefirstanniversaryofthereclamationoftheLang’ataRoadPrimarySchoolland,thisbriefisamust-readforanyoneinterestedineducation,publicpropertyrights,landgovernance,

corruptionandimpunity.

2016mustbetheyearwetakeourpublicschoolsofftheprivatemarketanddeclaretheyarenotforsale.Ifyouwouldliketodiscusstheseissuesfurtherand/orjointhe

campaigntokeepourpublicschoolspublicandsafe.

Toapplyforatitle-deedcontacttheSecretaryofCountyLandManagementBoardatyourcountyLandsOffice.ToreportaninstanceoflandgrabbingcontactChairperson,NationalLandCommission,

Tel:020-2718050|P.O.Box444-00100,Nairobi,Kenya|Email:[email protected]|Website:www.nlc.or.keTocontactthe#ShuleYanguCampaignCentre|Email:[email protected]|Mobile:+254705087070

|www.shuleyangu.co.ke

One Year on from Lang'ata: Why Public Schools are Still at Risk

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