One of the most pressing global problems today Mostly from household products 2 to 5 times – and...
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Transcript of One of the most pressing global problems today Mostly from household products 2 to 5 times – and...
One of the most pressing global problems today Mostly from household products 2 to 5 times – and occasionally more than 100 times – higher t
han outdoor pollutant levels Statistics show that nearly half of the world is affected by indo
or air pollution Causes about:
– 35.7% of respiratory tract infections
– 22% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
– 1.5% of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer
Indoor Air Pollution
Residues of more than 400 toxic chemicals have been identified in human blood and fat tissue
A five-year U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) study that surveyed 600 homes showed that:– Peak concentrations of 20 toxic compounds were 200 to 500 tim
es higher inside some homes than outdoors – Linked to cancer and birth defects
Pesticides– Risk for leukemia increases by 4 to 7 times for children, ages 10 and under
Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and flea collars on pets
– Increases risk of childhood brain cancer
Indoor Air Pollution
Indoor Air Pollution
Symptoms Runny nose Itchy eyes Scratchy throat Headaches and dizziness Respiratory tract infections
Long-term exposure to indoor air pollution Lung cancer Liver and kidney damage Central nervous system damage
Personal Care Products e.g. Anti-bacterial Toothpaste, Hand Wash and Shower Gel
TriclosanTriclosan mixed with chlorinated water
releases chloroform. When absorbed through the skin, chloroform may cause depression, liver disorder and even cancer.
Personal Care Products e.g. Anti-bacterial Toothpaste, Hand Wash and Shower Gel
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) Prolonged contact may lead to urinary tract and vaginal inflamm
ation and infection Animal tests show:
– Eye damage, depression, labored breathing, diarrhea, severeskin irritation and corrosion, and even death
Research shows that long-term exposure to SLS may increase cancer risk– A concentration of more than
0.01% of SLS leads to cell death
Household Cleaning Products e.g. Dishwashing Liquid, Washing Powder, Toilet Detergent, Tile/Glass Cleaning Liquid
Formaldehyde Highly irritating Allergen Headaches, nausea, chest tightness,
eye pain, palpitations, insomnia, forgetfulness
Prolonged exposure during pregnancy may cause birth defectsand even fetal death
Animal tests show that inhaling highconcentrations may lead to nasopharyngeal cancer
Sustained release of 3 to 15 years
Dry Cleaning
• Tetrachloroethylene • Naphthalene • Benzene• Formaldehyde• Trichloroethylene
— Carcinogenic
Indoor Furnishings e.g. Carpet, Paint, Wood Lacquer Grime and dust
Tetrachloroethylene Irritating and toxic to central nervous system and respirator
y system
Turpentine Easily absorbed through skin Eye irritation, headache, dizziness and vomiting Breathing or swallowing it
causes kidney and bladderirritation
Volatile Organic Compounds
Carcinogenic
Garden Pesticides, and Flea, Tick and Lice InhibitorsLindane
CarcinogenicMay trigger epilepsy in rare circumstances May even cause death
Shoe and Furniture Polish
TurpentineEasily absorbed through skinEye irritation, headache, dizziness and vomitingBreathing or swallowing it causes kidney and bladder
irritation
NitrobenzeneToxic to reproductive and central
nervous systemsAbsorbed through skin
Air Fresheners
IsoparA toxic substance widely used by
manufacturersp-Dichlorobenzene
Toxic to liver and kidneysCarcinogenic
Methylene dichlorideA propellant used in many
aerosol productsCarcinogenic
Naphthalene and FormaldehydeCarcinogens
Essential Oils
Earliest mention in 1188 Distilled from flowers, leaves and fruit skinsAroma from natural botanical essencesCalming and relaxing effects; help to boost
concentrationImprove blood circulation Activate cellsIncrease metabolismRestore balance to the body
How Aroma Affects the Human Body
Travels through olfactory nerve to the brainStimulates brain to secrete endorphins and
enkephalinsProduces a relaxing effect
Absorbed through skinAbsorbed and carried by tissue fluid between cellsOnly a few types of essential oil
e.g. mint can be absorbed
through skin
Staying Happy and Relaxed
Helps to: Increase immunity Improve digestionBoost concentration Improve sleep quality
Natural Aromas
Lavender—Melts away stress; soothingLemongrass—Lifts moods and boosts
concentrationRose—Uplifting and inspires joy and happinessJasmine—Soothing and revitalizingGreen Apple—Lifts moods and enhances
vitalityMint—Refreshing; prevents dizziness;
cooling and relieves pain
Essential Oil Extraction Methods
Distillation
Expression
Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Distillation
Most common essential oil extraction methodHot steam helps to release aromatic molecules from
plant material, which evaporate into the steamPassed through a condenser to separate water and
essential oilEssential oilCondensed steam—Hydrosol
Distillation
Essential Oils Extracted By Distillation RoseJasmineLavenderPeppermintLemongrass
Expression
Expression—Skin, pulp or seedsObtains a mixture of water and oilHigh-speed centrifugation—Separates water and oil
Essential Oils Extracted By ExpressionLemonSweet orangeTangerineGrapefruit
One of the most advanced extraction techniquesSupercritical fluid—carbon dioxide
Critical Point—31.3C, 72.9 atmSuperior penetrationExcellent solventSafe and non-toxicNon-flammableNon-explosive
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
Effectively separates, extracts and purifiesHigh efficacy and not easily oxidizedNatural and does not cause chemical pollution
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
Essential Oils Extracted By Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Rose1,500 to 2,500 kilograms of roses to extract one kilogr
am of essential oilLavender
200 kilograms of lavender to extract one kilogram of essential oil (Distillation)
Aqua Essence
Essential oils
+ Hydrosol from steam distillation
西柚、铃兰、茉莉
Grapefruit, Lily of the Valley, Jasmine
佛手柑、苹果、茉莉
Bergamot, Apple, Jasmine
薰衣草、迷迭香、白兰
Lavender, Rosemary, White Sandalwood
桂花、玫瑰、紫罗兰
Osmanthus, Rose, Violet
Aqua Essence Elemente
Essential Oils
Texture Refreshing, aqueous texture
Concentrated oil
Scent Refreshingly light Concentrated
Scent Type Blend Single note
Method(s) of Use
• Spray • Aromatherapy• Water mixed spray• Massage• Bath water
Aqua Essence vs. Elemente Essential Oils
FragranceFragrance
Common Uses of Aqua Essence
AirAir
Common Uses of Aqua Essence
ClothesClothes
Common Uses of Aqua Essence
HairHair
Common Uses of Aqua Essence
PillowPillow
Common Uses of Aqua Essence