One Health in Practice: Identifying Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Human … CSTE... ·...
Transcript of One Health in Practice: Identifying Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Human … CSTE... ·...
One Health in Practice: Identifying Emerging Infectious Diseases at the
Human-Domestic Animal-Wildlife InterfaceJonna Mazet, DVM, MPVM, PhD
Director, Wildlife Health Center & One Health InstituteGlobal Director, PREDICT USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats
School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, Davis
Health Experts Meet in Atlanta to Tackle the Deadly Animal-to-Human Link in Illness
Cull of the Wild
The “Interface” Where the action is!
Land Use Change & Human Population
Growth
Increased Contact Between Humans,
Livestock, & Wildlife
Enhanced Flow of Pathogens
Health Risks to Humans, Livestock,
& Wildlife
Livelihood Impacts & Economic Pressures
• Majority of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in people are of animal origin (zoonotic)
• 75% of emerging zoonoses have wildlife origins
• Human activities at the interface linked to EIDs (Nipahvirus, SARS, Ebola)
• Annual population growth among highest in buffers to protected areas near wildlife
TIME
Animal Amplification
Human Amplification
CASES
Emerging Zoonotic Diseases
DAY
CA
SES
Current Outbreak Detection and Response
Adapted from J. Davis, Climate Adaptation Workshop, Nov. 2003
First Case
Detection/Reporting
LabConfirmation
Response
Opportunity for control
DAY
CA
SES
First CaseDetection/Reporting
Lab Confirmation
Response
Effective Health Early Warning
Surveillance, Observations
and Monitoring Information
Adapted from J. Davis, Climate Adaptation Workshop, Nov. 2003
Opportunity for control
Develop a strategic framework for identifying and responding to pathogens of
pandemic potential that have not yet emerged
EMERGING PANDEMIC THREATS PROGRAM
Challenge
Developing global capacity to anticipate and mitigate the spread of emerging
zoonotic diseases from wildlife pathogens
Wildlife Surveillance Arm
SMART Surveillance
Developing a Targeted Surveillance Strategy in high risk locations for emergence
• Land use change• Hunting• Markets/trade• Wildlife/livestock
conflict• Extraction• Water availability• Global
transportation
Developing a Targeted Surveillance Strategy along high risk disease transmission interfaces
Digitized Risks and Interfaces
Developing a Targeted Surveillance Strategy for wildlife species of highest risk
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
ARTIODACTYLA
CARNIVORA
CHIROPTERA
LAGOMORPHA
NON‐HUMAN PRIMATES
PERISSODACTYLA
RODENTIA
viruses/(dispubs/sp)
• Primates• Bats• Rodents• Birds• Suids• Carnivores• Ungulates
Taxonomic Groups
Developing a Targeted Surveillance Strategy using global information real‐time
yesBlood, swabs, urine, feces, tissues
pos
Refine with specific primers or sequencingAdvanced pathogen discovery
Specimen type
Targeted screening for different wildlife taxa
primates bats rodents human birds
Family level p
rimers Retro, Filo,
Flavi, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo, Pox, Corona, Arena
Flavi, Corona, Henipa, Rhabdo, Arena, Filo, Reo
Arena, Hanta, Pox, Alpha, Reo
Syndromictesting
Orthomyxo, Paramyxo, Flavi
Follow‐up on‐the‐ground field investigationsdevelop diagnostics
screen local human casesscreen local wildlife
Specific viral, ba
cterial testin
g
20 PCR protocols developed and going out to countries
5’
3’
PREDICT Tag
T7 Promoter
…400
…800
…1200
…1600
…2000
401…
801…
1201…
1601…
Filovirus
Cornavirus 1Cornavirus 1 (heminested)
SeadornavirusesSeadornaviruses (heminested)
Hantavirus 1Hantavirus 1 (nested)
Arenavirus 1
Arenavirus 2
ParamyxovirusParamyxovirus (heminested)
Coronavirus 2Coronavirus 2 (nested)
BocavirusBocavirus (heminested)
Flavivirus
Nipah VirusNipah Virus (nested)
Hantavirus 2Hantavirus 2(heminested)
Alphavirus (nested)Alphavirus
Universal Control 1
Post PCR / Gel Room
Building Wildlife Surveillance Capacity
PREDICT Surveillance Highlights Trained >1000 field personnel, veterinarians, laboratory technicians, public health workers and ministry officials from 20 countries
Building capacity to test for viral families in 17 labs Collected samples from > 25,000 animals (bats, rodents, birds, carnivores, primates, and ungulates)
Discovered 150 novel viruses in wildlife: corona, boca, herpes, retro, adeno, rhabdo
Documented human pathogens in wildlife and animal‐origin pathogens in humans
Importance of Early Detection
• Key to Control • Reduction of Post‐transfer Host Adaptation • Potentially Lower Transmissibility• Allows Sequencing to Improve Quality & Speed of
Diagnostics
PHYSICIANSEPIDEMIOLOGISTS
ANIMAL
HUMAN
ECOSYSTEM
SYNERGYSYNERGY
ECOLOGISTSPUBLIC HEALTHENGINEERS
ECONOMISTS
SOCIAL SCIENTISTS
VETERINARIANSMOLECULAR BIOLOGISTS