ONCOLOGY GRANDROUNDS PRESENTER: MARIA KRISTINE S. MENDOZA, M.D. MODERATOR: EUGENIO REGALA, M.D. 11...
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Transcript of ONCOLOGY GRANDROUNDS PRESENTER: MARIA KRISTINE S. MENDOZA, M.D. MODERATOR: EUGENIO REGALA, M.D. 11...
ONCOLOGY GRANDROUNDS
PRESENTER: MARIA KRISTINE S. MENDOZA, M.D.
MODERATOR: EUGENIO REGALA, M.D.
11 JANUARY 2010RM 205, MEDICINE BLDG.
B.F.
63year old Female Married HousewifeAklan Date of admission: Dec. 19, 2009
History of Present Illness
4 months PTA
• CC: Epigastricpain• Vomiting of partially digested food• (-) Anorexia, dysphagia, nausea, early satiety
• Consult Impression: t/c Gastritiso Calcium carbonate tabs (Tums) prno Further work-up recommended: Endoscopy
1 month PTA
• Consult o Upper GI endoscopy: chronic gastric ulcero CT scan: gastric mucosal thickeningo FOBT: (+)o Mx: Esomeprazole (Nexium) 40mg ODo Rebamipide(Mucosta) 100mg TID
• Increased severity and frequency of epigastric pain•Weightloss (≈ 7 kg.)• (+) Early satiety, easy fatigability
CONSULT
REVIEW OF SYSTEMS
• No pigmentation, itchiness• No visual dysfunction, naso-aural discharge• No sore throat• No neck stiffness, masses or lymphadenopathy• No dyspnea, shortness of breath• No chest pain, no syncope• No diarrhea, constipation• No dysuria, frequency, urgency or flank pain• No heat-cold intolerance, no polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia,
paresthesia• No seizure, motor dysfunction, or hallucinations
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
• HPN x 5 yrs. (HBP:160/100; UBP:130/90) -Irbesartan 150mg + HCTZ 12.5mg 1 tab once a day
• Internal hemmorhoidsx 20 yrs. with occasional hematochezia
• No DM, asthma, allergies, PTB
OB/GYNE HISTORY
• G1P1 (1001)– M-15 y/o– I - 28-30 days– D- 3 days– A- 4ppd– S- (-) dysmenorrhea
• Menopause: 53 y/o
PERSONAL and SOCIAL HISTORY
• Non-smoker, not exposed to second hand smoke and chemicals
• Not an alcoholic beverage drinker• No illicit drug use• Preference for canned foods and grilled meat
FAMILY HISTORY
• (+)HPN – Both parents• (-)DM• (-) Asthma• (-) Allergies• (-) Cancer
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Conscious, coherent, ambulatory, not in cardiorespiratory distress
• BP 140/90mmHg(supine/sitting) CR 94 bpm,reg. (supine/sitting) PR 94 bpm, reg. (supine/sitting) RR 19 cpm Temp 36.5 oC
• Ht: 157cm Wt: 61kg BMI: 25kg/m2
• Warm moist skin, no active dermatoses (+)pallor
GEN. SURVEY
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Pale palpebral conjunctivae, anictericsclerae
• No nasoaural discharge, no tragal tenderness, moist buccal mucosa, no gingival bleeding, no oral petechiae, nonhyperemic posterior pharyngeal wall, tonsils not enlarged
• Supple neck, thyroid not enlarged, no palpable cervical lymphadenopathy, no supraclavicularlymphadenopathy
HEENT
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• I - Symmetrical chest expansion, no retractions• P - Equal tactile fremiti• P - Resonant on percussion• A - Clear and equal breath sounds; Equal vocal
fremiti
• Adynamicprecordium, no lifts, no heaves, no thrills, AB 5th LICS MCL,sustained S1>S2 apex, S2> S1 base, no murmurs
CHEST
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Globular abdomen with whitish striae, (+) bulging flanks, normoactive bowel sounds, soft, (+) epigastric tenderness, (+) fluid wave and shifting dullness, (-) succusion splash, no costovertebral angle tenderness, AC:41 in.
• DRE: (+) perirectal skin tags, no fissures, external sphincter tone intact, (+) 1x1 cm, soft, fleshymass, above thepectinateline, 12 o’ clock position, non-tender, No stool on examining finger
ABDOMEN
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Pulses are full and equal. No limitation of motion of extremities, no swelling, no pain, no tenderness of joints, no edema, no cyanosis.
EXTREMITIES
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Awake, alert, oriented to 3 spheres • Cranial nerves intact• Can do alternating
pronationsupination test and finger to nose test
• (-) Romberg test, (-) pronator drift • No atrophy; Manual muscle testing
(MMT): 5/5 on all extremities• No sensory deficit/impairment• Deep tendon reflex(DTRs): 2+ on all
extremities• (-) nuchal rigidity, (-) Babinski sign, (-)
Chaddock’s sign, (-) Kernig’s sign, (-) Brudzinski sign
NEURO EXAM
SALIENT FEATURES
SUBJECTIVE• 63 y/o, female• Epigastric pain• Vomiting• Weight loss• Early satiety• Easy fatigability
OBJECTIVE• CT scan: gastric mucosal
thickening• (+)pallor• Pale palpebral conjunctiva• (+) bulging flanks• (+) epigastric tenderness• (+) shifting dullness• (+) fluid wave• (-) succusion splash• (+) soft 1x2 cm mass, above
the dentate line, 12 o’ clock position, non-tender
ASSESSMENT:
Gastric Malignancy
Anemia probably secondary to Upper GI bleeding secondary to
1)Gastric malignancy 2)PUD
Hypertension Stage II
Internal hemorrhoids
1ST HOSP. DAY• Transfused 1 ‘u’
pRBC
• Other medications:– Amlodipine
10mg/tab 1 tab OD
– Esomeprazole 40mg/ tab 1 tab OD
12/19/09 N.V.Hgb 83 120-170g/L
RBC 3.62 4-6 x 1012/L
Hct 0.26 0.37-0.54
MCV 72.2 87+5 U3
MCH 23.00 29 + 2 pg
MCHC 31.80 34 + 2 g/dl
RDW 16.70 11.6-14.6
WBC 6.60 4.5-10Neutro 0.57 0.50-0.70Lympho 0.39 0.20-0.40Monos 0.01 0-0.03 Eos 0.03 0-0.03Baso 0-0.01Platelet 355 150-450
COURSE IN THE WARD
1ST HOSP. DAY
• Kaliumdurule, 1 durule TID
Normal Value
FBS 92.7 70.9-110mg/dl
Crea 0.68 0.5-1.2 mg/dl
Na 142 137-147mmol/L
K 3.6 3.8-5 mmol/L
COURSE IN THE WARD
3rd HOSP. DAY
• UGI Endoscopy with biopsy– The stomach was observed to be poorly distensible on air
insufflation with poor contractility– There was a diffuse infiltrating lesion with friable nodular
mucosa that appeared to have involved the cardia down the antrum of the lesser curve
– Multiple bites for biopsy
• IMPRESSION: GASTRIC MALIGNANCY, BORRMAN IV
ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS
EGD with Biopsy
DIAGNOSIS: SIGNET RING CELL CARCINOMA• The specimen consists of multiple light brown,
soft tissue fragments altogether measuring 1 x 0.8 x 0.5 cm.
• Microsections disclose fragments of gastric mucosa composed of nests of neoplastic cells with eccentric nucleis and large cytoplasmicmucin vacuole.
EGD with Biopsy
DIAGNOSIS: SIGNET RING CELL CARCINOMA• Other areas show cord and nests of neoplastic
cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei, prominent nucleoli and scant to fair amount of cytoplasm
Working diagnosis:
GASTRIC SIGNET RING CELL CARCINOMA
Gastric CancerCA Cancer J Clin 2005; 55: 10-33
CA Cancer J Clin 2005; 55: 75Stewart: World Cancer Reports IARC Press, Lyon 2003
• Worldwide:4th most common malignancy2ndleading cause cancer mortality• 60% of cases from developing countries• 90% cases are adenocarcinoma
Philippines
• Gastric Cancer– 8th leading site in both sexes– 5th in males and 10th in females
Epidemiology
Race/Ethnicity Male Female Male Female
White 10.8 5.0 5.8 2.8
White Hispanic
18.4 10.3 9.9 5.4
White non-Hispanic
9.7 4.1 5.4 2.6
African American 18.8 9.9 13.3 6.3
Asian/Pacific Islander 21.9 12.4 11.9 7.0
Native American/Native Alaskan
15.7 8.9 7.3 4.1
Latino 17.8 10.0 9.7 5.3
INCIDENCE MORTALITY
Gastric Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates per 100,000 Cases(Age Adjusted) in the United States, 1997-2001
Environmental Risk factors
• H. pylori infection• Dietary Factors• Cigarette Smoking• Alcohol• Low Socioeconomic Status
Premalignant Conditions
• Chronic Atrophic Gastritis• Intestinal Metaplasia• Gastric Dysplasia• Gastric Polyps• Previous Gastrectomy• Gastric Ulcer
APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH GASTRIC CANCER
WORK-UP
• Abdominal CT with contrast• PET/CT or PET scan(optional)• Endoscopic ultrasound(optional) • CBC and chemistry profile• Chest imaging
NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology V.2.2009
COURSE IN THE WARD
3rd HOSP. DAY• CT scan with contrast of the whole abdomen
– Gastric wall thickening at the antrum, body and both curvatures of the stomach
– There was also mesenteric fat stranding with nodularities which may represent mesenteric lymph nodes
– Moderate ascites with associated mild bowel wall thickening– Small splenic cyst, superior aspect– Prominent medial limb of the left adrenal gland to consider
metastatic process – Diverticulosis in the descending colon
COURSE IN THE WARD
3rd HOSP. DAY• Referral to Medical Oncology• Labs and Ancillaries
CBC12/19/09 12/20/09 12/23/09 12/26/09
Hgb 83 106 118 115
Hct 0.26 0.35 0.38 0.36
WBC 6.60 5.7 4.10
Neutro 0.57 0.68 0.69
Lympho 0.39 0.29 0.31
Monos 0.01 0.01
Eos 0.03 0.02
Baso
Platelet 355 295 281
LABORATORY EXAMINATION
• ALP 74.1 (NV: 36-92 IU/L)• SGOT17.9 (NV:16-40 U/L)• SGPT 11.1 (NV:8-53 U/L)• TB 0.71 (NV: 0.5-1.5 mg/dl)• DB0.23 (NV: 0.10-0.40 mg/dl)• IB0.48 (NV:0.30-1.10 mg/dl)
LABORATORY EXAMINATION
• Total protein5.3 (6-7.8 g/dl)• Albumin3.2(4 – 5.5 g/dl)• Globulin 2.2 (1.5-3.4 g/dl)• A/G ratio1.5 (1-3 mg/dl)• Mg 1.8 (1.6-2.5)• iCa 1.33
Tumor markers
• CA 125 358 (NV: 0-35)• CA 19-9 0.60 (NV: 0-39)• CEA 3.77 (NV:0-5)
2D Echo
• Concentric LVH with good wall motion and contractility and normal resting systolic function
• EF=69%