Title 118, Appendix AGround Water Remedial Action Protocol

00

ONri

ZL i noCM

Steps 1 4 Initial review and action

Step 5 Preliminary assessment

Does review of existing information (withcollection of minimal or no field data) showthreat of contamination? Is additionalinvestigation needed?

NOIs there a threatof ground watercontamination?

Step 6 Initial site assessment

Has ground water been contaminated? Whatis the source? Who is the RP? Whatinformation must be collected?

NOIs furtherinvestigation

needed?

•1O"i

5

Step 7 Detailed site assessment

What information must be collected? Isadditional information needed? Is thereadequate technical information available tomake an informed remedial decision?

NODoes the DSA

adequatelycharacterize thecontamination?

o-vTOs

«•>

5

Step 8 Cleanup levels and proposed remedialactions

Pol'ution occurrence ranking depending on thedegree (or potential) of use of the groundwater as drinking water

What is theRemedial Action

Class (RAG)?

Is some contamination readily removable?For RAG 1 or RAC 2 sites is additionalcleanup / mitigation required? Will theremaining contamination be managed ormonitored?

Is cleanup to background levels appropriate'?What standard advisory or other level shouldbe used? Do levels need to be set to protectother uses of ground water?

What are theminimum cleanup

requirements?

If additionalcleanup is

required what arethe preliminarycleanup levels?

Preliminary cleanup levels and requirementsgiven to the RP

___i____RP proposes alternate cleanup levels / DEQ

review

Does technological analysis justify alternatecleanup level? What level of cleanup isattainable? Should other mitigative actions beemployed? Does economic analysis justifyalternate cleanup level?What level of cleanup is economicallypossible? Should mitigation be employedinstead of cleanup?

Is RPs proposedalternate cleanup

justified andacceptable?

OJ

YES/NO

DEQ decision on remedial action/proposedfinal cleanup levels placed on public notice

Are any changes justified or required?

Are changes toproposed

remedial actionneeded based on

comments orhearing?

YES/NO

DEQ n of final remedial action

RP submits work plan / DEQ review

Is the proposed work plan technicallyadequate to accomplish the remediationrequirements'?

Does DEQapprove the work

plan?

NO

YES

Step 9 Implementation and review ofremedial actions

Steps 10 and 11 Final review

Title 118 (Step 8)

Remedial Action Class(RAG)

RAC-1Ground water used (or proposed to beused) as Public Water Supply

generallywithin 1000ft Public Water Supply Wellwithin 500 ft Private Water Supply Wellwithin a Wellhead Protection Area

HAR13944

Title 118 (Step 8)

Remedial Action Class(RAC)

3€ RAC-2Ground water used as a Private WaterSupply or has the potential to be usedas Public or Private Water Supply

HAR13945

Title 118 (Step 8)

Remedial Action Class(RAC)

3€ RAC-3Ground water not being used or withlittle or no potential for use as a Privateor Public Water Supply

Considerationspoor natural or background quality

limiting hydrogeologic conditions(quantity, depth, transmissivity)

HAR13946

Preliminary Cleanup Level

Goal Restore ground water to naturalbackground concentrations

Realistic Goal Restore quality of groundwater to a level which can maintain useas drinking water

Based on one or more of the following1) Standards (Title 118, Federal MCLs)2) Health Advisories (Federal)3) Impairment of other beneficial uses

(surface water, flora, fauna, etc )or

4) other information (background levels:etc)

HARlj947

Request for Alternate Cleanup Level

I Technological analysis

II Economic Analysis

III Remedial Action Scenarios

IV Justification for ACL

FAR-MAR-COSUBSITC• WELL NO -3

— rSUBSITE -i i i

SECOND STREETii

COLORADO AVENUE SOUTH LANDHLLSUBSITC

NORTH LANDFILLSUBSITE1

HASTINGS CASTINDUSTRIAL PARHSUJ3ITE

Areas of Highest Contamination

Approximate Extent of Contamination

Ground Water Contaminronmcntal Protection Agency

WELLS IN THE HASTINGS AREA (drinking water monitoring otc )

IRRIGATION WELLO MUNICIPAL WELLA INDUSTRIAL \"ELL

EPA MONITORING WELL<j> STATE MONITORING WELLO CMS WELLG DOMESTIC WELL

® USCS WELL(D PRP WLI L

UJ COC MONITOR INC WELL

"\-

ri

5

Innovative Technology:i^j ij

In-Situ (In Place)

Ground Water And Soil Remediation

Faster, better and cheaper

methods for capture

and destruction of

contaminants

HARlj951

Innovative Technology Process

ResearchBench ScaleSmall Scale field pilotStakeholder SupportFull Scale Field TestTechnology TransferCommercialization

COMMERC1AUZA TION

CONCEPTUALIZA TION

Figure 1 Development c^wiovativc Technologies

ON1

5

TECHNOLOGYTRANSFER

TECHNOLOGYDEMONSTRATION

Field-Scale Demonstration

TECHNOL OGYDE VEL OPEDPilot-Scale Testing

Bench-Scale Studies

% of ROD'S using innovative Technologies

100

Q

o 40

90 91 92

Source Adapted from OSWER Innovative TreatmentTechnologies Annual Status Report (fifth edition)

PUBLIC ACCESS TOINNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY

INFORMATION

Publications

Research Labs

Data Base Sources

Technology Information

Specific Information for sites in theUnited States

HAR13955

HAR 13956

EPA Superfund Innovative lechnology Evaluation (SITE)Derronsti at ion B u l l e t i n s

ou l l e t i n type the nu-noer or the b u l l e t i n and hit return

To download a b u l l e t i n tyoe Dn rrom the B u l l e t i n Command? prompt( ithout the Quotation marks), vhere n is the o u l l e t i n numberYou must then follow /our software s orocedures TOI downloading a f i l e

_il let in Nur.bet

1 Sluny Biodegradat ionInternational Tecnnology CorporationEPA/540/M5-91/009 February 1992

2 Circulating Bed CombustorOqden Environmental Services I ncEPA/D40/MR-92/001 February 1992

3 The Carver-Gre=nr i e 1 d ProcessDehydro-Tech CoroorationE=A/540/MR-92/002 Februar/ 1992

^enbrane ^iltrationSBP Technoloqies I ncEP~/540/MR-92/014 Aon 1 1992

j Demonstration or the Stean Injection Vacuum Extraction (SIVE)Technology at the Rainbov Disposal Site Huntington Beacn CA

o Lo\/ Temoerature Tnermal Treatment (LT3) SystemR o / F t'/eston IncEPA/o40/,-1R-92/019 Seoterrber 1992

7 SITE Program Denonsti at ion or a Trial Excavation at tneIcColl Super~und Site -- Technology Demonstration Summat yEPA/540/MR-92/015 Octobei 1992

3 So i 1 /Sed iment Washing SystemBergnann USAEPA/340/MR-92/075 October 1992

9 Soil Recycling Treatment Train - The Toronto HarbourComnm ss i onersEPA/540/MR-92/015 Novenbei 1992

O SoilTech Anaerobic Tnernia i Processor Outboard MarineCorooration SiteSoilTech ATP S/stens IncEPA/340/MR-32/073 Noverrbei 1992

11 The Basic Extractive Sludge Ti eatment ( B E S T )Resources Consi vation Corroany (RCC)EPA/o40/MR-92/079 Dectmoer 1392

12 Pei ox-Pui e Chemical Oxidation TreatientPeroxidation Systems Inc HARlj957EPA/340/I-1R-93/501 February 1993

Supei rund Innovative lechnology Evaluation (SITE)Emeiging Technolog/ B u l l e t i n s

ead a o u l l c t i n tyoe tne nunber of the b u l l e t i n and hit return

To do\nload a o u l l e t i n , type Dn rron the B u l l e t i n Command7 orcnrpt( i^nout tne Quotation maiks) \sheie n is the b u l l e t i n nunbert'ou nust tnen follow your software s procedures ror downloading a f i l e

1 1 et in Nunbsi

1 Chen cal Ti eatrrent and U 1 traf i 1 trat ion -Atone Energy of Canada LtdE°i/o40/F-92/002 February 1992

2 Renoval and Pecovet / of Metals rron Grounawater -3 lo-Peco/ery Systems I nc

F = DI uary 1992

Co i^t ucted W e t l a n d ^ Treatment for T o x i c rletal Contaminated WatersColoi ado School 01 i l ines

-t=bruar/ 1992

L = se I nauced Dhotoclien i ca 1 Oxidative Desti u c t i o i iE =i v and E n v i r o i rental Engineering IncorooratedE?p/D40/r-92/004 Feoi uar/ 1992

e t a l b Treatment at Superrund Sites ':» Adsoroti/e - i l t r a t i o n -U n i \ e i o t> Oi i/asnn gtcnED-/D40/F-92/008 S-otenoer 1992

Tn^ ScOcoc-N b > / i l c o y Cyclone Furnace Soil V i tr i - i cat i on TechnologyBaocock & / 1 1 co <ED / ^ 4 0 / F - 9 2 / 0 10 Septe-ioei 1992

E l - c t i o n 3e-~i Ti eatr^nt ~ci Removal or Tr i en 1 oroethy 1 ene andTet i v»cn loroeuiy I ene rrorn Sti eam^ and S ludgeF l o r i d a 1 1 tei nat icna ] U n i v e i s i t y and the Un i / e r s i t y or iliannE P A / D , 0 / F - 3 2 / 0 0 9 October 1992

A l te rna t i ng Current E 1 ectrocoagu 1 at i onE 1 =c t ro - D ure Syst tns ! iic=P«, 3 4 0 / - - 3 2 / 0 1 1 Ccto1 er 1992

EPA RESEARCH LABS

Ker? Environmental Research Lab

RREL Lab

HAR13959

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCHADA , OKLAHOMA

FOCUS < Soil and Ground WaterProtection and Restoration ~~.

Research

Information Transfer

Cooperative Efforts with Federal State,Local Agencies

Research efforts outside U S withCanada, Sweden and the Republic ofCnina

Current Research Investigations

* Site Characterization

* Contaminant Transfer

$ Subsurface Remediation

+ Underground Injection Control

+ Wellhead Protection

+ Mathematical ModelingHAR13960

RREL_iskReduction Cmcmatti, Ohio

EngineeringLab

Focus is on engineering aspects of technologies

Provide information transfer

Engineering Issue Papers

Engineering Bulletins

Provide information to private citizens, contractors, federal,state and local agencies

Research on m-situ and ex-situ technologies

HAR1J961

VISITT

BFSSHARlj962

Alternative

Treatment

TechnologyInformation

Center

HAR13963

-T7 1C MA I ENU

I ll Treati^em; "echnoiog/ Danaoase[21 RREL T e a u a o i l i t ^ DataoaseL3J UST Aosuracu Dauaoase[4J Oil/Chemical S o i l l ^ostrac-c Database[5] Other Dataoase^

~* » r* « FULL TEXT DOCUMEUTS * >- >- 1 -=F6l Techiiical B u l l e t i n s[7] F u l l Text Technical Documents

~ J"

TiO MS i -1" -1-1-iCl Calenja! Of Events[9] General I nf orniar i on[3] 3di l e u i i i 3oc.ru JCcess/DO VNLOAD I NQ

^ n d Unloading " i i e

C T E C - M C - ^ _ 3 U u L E ~ l i s S = = = =

S i TE DE iOBULLET I NS

EP-\ SITE EuERGI!3 T EChNOLOG i ESBULLET1 JS

EE= INSULLET I iJS

IVERS'T/ OF CINCIN^TTAT CENTER h i L L BULLETINS

3 I O R E M E D I A T ION ^CTIONTEE'RE^C^TS/ DOCU.1ENTS

] ^DERAL R E M E D I A T I O NHNOLCGIES BULLET I

1.

T31

[9]

i niie Lert 54 Minutes ~

\ E.' ' ' RO ^uENTAL INFORMATIONRESOURCES BULLETINSDatabases Hotlines Etc

T R A ' N I N G COURSES ANDWORr^SHO0 HIGHLIGHTS

DATABASE HELP BULLETINSDownloading, Capturing, E

[3] SEARCH BULLETINS FOR TEXT

LQl QUIT AND RETURN TO ATTICM A I N MEi'U

[B] JUMP TO ATTIC BBS MENU

HAR1J964

CLU - IN

Cleanup Information

Bulletin

Board

HAR13965

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = [ CLU-IN BBS B u l l e t i n 250 ]= = = = ======= = = z = = = = = = = = =

Conrei ences and International Sui ve/s

Drun on Innovative Hazai dous Waste Treatment Technologies - Domestic and-itei national (Absti act Proceedings)

=11 st Forum Atlanta GA EPA/540/2-89/055, PB90-268509Second Forun, Pni1ade1phia, PA EPA/540/2-90/009 PB91-145649Third Forum Dallas TX EPA/540/2-91/016 PB92-233881

ATO/CCi1S Project International Evaluation of In Situ Blorestoration ofDntaminated Soil and Groundwater EPA/540/2-90/012

erredial «ction Ti eatnent and Diboosal of Hazardous Waste Proceedings one I9"n Annual RREL Hazai dous Waste Research Synoosiun

EPA/600/R-93/040

orkshoo on Reiov a l Recovery Trearnent and Disposal or Arsenic andejcu-/ EPA/600/R-92/10b PB92-216944

Technoloa/ Sur/ev Reoor^i/Guidance

z = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ( CLU-M 335 B u l l e t i n 253 ] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

Croui d u cei

- ia/ c o =L-)S n 3 o i l s **EPA/ 5^0/S- 9 2/0 1 2 P393-131480

loi-eotorat ion or ^quirers Contaminated with Organic Compounds**EPA/600/J-88/073 PB89-103527

neriic-1 En i - icementb to °umo-and-Ti eat Remediation^EPA/540/5-92/001 PB92-130074

ontanin^nt Ti ansooi t in Fractured Mecia Models, tor Decision Makers**EPA/540/4-39/004 PB90-258517

icei at ions in Crouna\/ater Reneaiat on at Suoerrund Sites and RCRAaci i ities--Uoaate OSWER Directive 9233 1-05

PB92-963358

ense Monaqueous Phnse L i q u i d s ^*EPA/540/4-9 1 /002A PB91-195974

\cnaqueous Pnase Liqui d s - - A \ orkshop Sumnary=p*EPA/600/?-92/030 PB92-17393S

HARlj966

VISITT 3 0 Tecl^logy Types

C h e m i c a lT r c a l m c n t ( 2 2 )

In Situ ThermallyEnhancedRecover (11)

Soil Vaporor Dual Pha^cExtraction (12)

BiorcmcdiationIn Situ (51)

(49)

BiorcmediationCx Situ (51)

Acid or SolventExtraction (17) Vitnficailon (11)

Thermal Dcsorption (34)

Source US EPA VISITT Database June 1994

V endor

.nformation

ystem for

.nnovative

Treatment

Technologies

HAR13968

loremediation m the

H ield

earch

Accesible via CLU-IN 01 ATTIC

HARU969

In Place Ground Water TreatmentTechnologies - Categories and Examples

An Sparging with Soil Vapor Extiactiono Savannah River, Hastings East Industrial Park

In-Well Air Stripping with Vapor Treatmento Planned at California, Savannah Rivei, Edwaids

AFB

Bioremediationo Aerobic/Anaerobic

Dynamic Undeiground Strippingo Integiated Full-Scale Remediation Technology

Bioventmgo Stimulation of aerobic biodegiadation

Thermally Enhanced Recoveryo Utilizes, steam 01 electric current to drive off

volatiles

HARlj970

CN

TRATIGnAPHY

CL

SM

CL

SILT LAYER

SP

UPPCR CONHNINGLAYCR

NOTE STRATIGRAPHY TAKEN FROM SGD39 CORING LOG (MW11 D)(DRAFT FINAL SUPPLEMENTAL REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION REPORT DECEMBER 1992)

LPGfND

MW

VMS

ASW

VES

NOTES

GROUNDWATCR MONITORINGWCLL

SOILGA MONITORINGWCLL

A'R SPARGING WCLL

VAPOR CXTRACTION WCLL

UNCONHNED ZONC ADOVCOPPCB CONFINING LAYCR

t THC FINAL LCTTER Of THf NAMCOf CACH VAPOR CXTRACTION (VC )AND VADOSC ZONC MONITORING(VMS) WCLL DCNOTCS THC SANDLAYCR IN WHICH THE WCLL I j

CRCCNCD FOR CXAMPLC VC^ 01WIS A VAPOR CXTRACTION WCLLoCRCCNCD IN SAND W

2 THCLCTTCR D DCNOTCS A MONITORINO WCLL SCRECNCO IN THCAOU1FCR PORTION AOOVC THC UPPCRCONFINING LAYCR THC LETTCR DODCNOTCS A MONITORING WCLL jCRCCNCDOCLOW THC UPPCR CONFINING LAYCR

Ov.toxlPk.KanM

onr SCHCMATICCI OSS SI CTION Of11LO1 STUD1 \KL \

Flow Pattern at a NoVOCs Well

Land's Surface

WateLlable r\

g»-»ut-*-10U)

(U

UCO

mn

O

en§<nen-oui

T)O

HA

R13974

II Dynamic Undeigiound Shipping

j Integf ated technique fot soil and ground waterremediation of organic contamination, including TCE,PCE, CHC13 and CC14

Process integrates vacuum extraction, direct electricheating, steam injection, and geophysical imaging toenhance speed and efficiency

More tapid, controllable and efficient than existing pumpand treat

Pf ocess

1) Plume suffounded by injection wells2) Ext] action wells located in centei3) Injection wells at e placed in pet meable at ea and

wells for electiic cunent ate placed in less permeableat eas

4) Clay layeis act as heating elements and steam isfotced in by the injection wells

5) Steam displaces contaminants toward the recoverywells where vacuum extraction occurs

PJocess full-scale results have shown 50 times theEffectiveness of Pump and Tieat

HAR13975

Bwventmg

Process of supplying air to soil to stimulateaerobic bio degradation

o Applicable to contaminants in the vadosezone and regions of the aquifer just belowthe water table

o Most applications have been to petroleum1 hydrocarbons, but any contaminant more

A readily biodegradable aerobically thanI anaerobically could potentially be

remediated Particularly valuable for low-vapor pressure compounds

o BTEX compounds and PAHs fall within therange of potentially treatable contaminantsvia bioventing

HAR13976

In-Situ Bwremediation

ENSR listed in VISITT Data Base to treatsoil and ground water

Biological in-situ treatment techniquesusually involve circulation of oxygen andnutrients through a contaminated aquiferusing injection and production wells

May involve stimulation of indigenousmicrobial populations or the addition ofspecific microbes

ENSRs system is specific for chlorinatedsolvents, system combines bioremediation,steam injection, SVE, ground waterextraction and air-stripping

De-oxygenated steam mobilizes DNAPLsand injection wells also deliver nutrientsand anaerobic bacteria into the aqueousphase

Well suited for areas beneath pavement orother structures

HAR13977

Thermally Enhanced Recovery

I - SVE - Steam Injection - Soil Vapoi ExtractionI

In-Situ Technology for remediation of BTEX hydrocaibonsand chlorinated contaminants

Several companies marketing similar process utilizing steamor electric current to volatilize contaminants - Thermatnx,Inc

Process most effective with highly permeable soils andvolatile compounds

Piocess

nhances SVE by injecting steam to volatilize contaminants

Combined piocess using a vapor extraction blower,Flameless Oxidizer, waste heat boiler and optional acid-gasscrubber (chlorinated contaminants) utilizes heat from theoxidation of the contaminants in generating steam foiinjection

Addition of flameless oxidation with SVE provides greateroverall lemoval efficiency (>99 99%) safety and energyefficiency than flame based technologies or carbonadsorption

HARlj978

StoamInjectionVacuum

extractionTomography monitors steam movement

Vacuumremoves

/vaporCondensate

sweeps waste Tomography imagescleaned areas

Steamaistin

organ i gB?1

waterdisplaced

steam '

*__ _ -f?r'~ — i • ^^ __ , ,^To

165 feet

X>2ovo\iVD

Well to well stripping -1 to 3 months60 to 100 feet