On the Site of Ashtaroth (January 1, 1846)

8/13/2019 On the Site of Ashtaroth (January 1, 1846)

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On the Site of AshtarothAuthor(s): Captain NewboldSource: Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, Vol. 16 (1846), pp. 331-338Published by: Wileyon behalf of The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers)Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1798240.

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CAPtNEWB LD on tSieSite of Ashtaroth.APtNEWB LD on tSieSite of Ashtaroth. 33131a rust.y tain,resultingprobably rom the fissureson that s;(lehavintr, een expose(lto the air, and consequentiv ecomposed.Of tile exfoliation o commonn exposedgranite n the Plnanghills, I saw notrace on anyof the rocks here.As t\7e pulled awayfronlthis place and lookedback, eventheu antof light and shade,an(l the heavyrainthatwasfalling,didnot preent our acknowledgin that it possesseda character fpict;ulYsqueeautyof a verypleasingand lincommon indF Thetorest-treesn Singapurdo not in generalattaill sufficient ize toassunie hat airof grandeurvhich istinguisheshoseollthePinangmountains, nd they ale so blendedwith the underwood,whichgrowsup like a thick cropot rank weedsaround hem,and soirxterssoveny creepint, nd pendantplants nto a dense massofgreen, hat tlaeirlldividualitys lost. At thisspot, however,manytreesrise 1lp in all theilnatural trength nd beauty,and expanclin mid-air ill their full proportions.The number f doubleormarlXiedrees(as they are called) congregatedat thisplace wasindeed emazkable;antlnhen we recollect hat theHindus,who,in remote /ges,occupied vreat partof theseregions,as is shownby their allcientZaba on the RiverJohor,which flowsintothestrait betweenPulo Utbinalld Pulo Tukong,either selected heneighbourhoodf such trees forthe sites of temples,or plantedthem where theydo not grow llaturally, t is againdifficulttoresista nlomentaryeliefthat thesegrey pillaredandflutedrocksare really he remainsof some great temple overborney manycentuIies of desolation.In the strait,which shouldhave been mentioned reviously,sGunonsBu, a broadpyramidalhill, which,as we approachedheE. extremity fPulo Utbinflnd thew3de stuary f th+3ohorRiver,oll the left of the old Sint,apur trait(SalatTambrok),was seenat an apparentdistance f 5 or 6 miles. It is terrlledby seamerzLittleJoh6rHill, but formsolleof the mostprominentalldmarl


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332 CPt. NEWBOLDn {AleSite of AsZltaroth.S7riaan(1TheHO1YAI1D'p.xii.), has clearly sllonvn llat thesite of Ashtaroth annotbe fal from hat of WIezciribDuring an excurs;onn Haultln,* ast inter, I passeda nightin the castleof lMezarib, nd zras a(rreeablyurprised o hearthenameof Tel-el-'Ashtereh the hill of sAshtereht]mentioned Jytlle sheikh in his enumeration f the ruins in tlle vicinityofMezarib. Circumstances ot )ermitting 1ne to sisit it at thattime I passed on (lirect to OInm Keis +s-ithoutxamining helocality; but, on returnint fromPalmyra o Damascus. visitedHauralland Lejaagain,anelproceedeelo Tel 'Ashtereh, llroughSanameinanelNawa; the zarticulars f lYhicchoute ale gieren tthe end of this Eraper The bearingswere takensith a prismaticcomzass l)y Trout,htonand Simms; and the principal anglescorrected y a bos-sestant. In Junet 18L16>found he variationof tlle coInpass o be 81 15' W. My travelling ate, on llorsc-back, was 3- miles er hour.Tel 'Ashtereh s a largemound,partlynatural,partlyartificial,in the midstof a \7ast plain, at the distanceof 2 h. 25 m. ordinaz-ytravelling 7Wmiles], nearly S.S.W. from Naw.a, betsseen t ansllMezarib, rom which latter place it ltears VV.34? N. an(l isabout 1 h. 35 m. distant [5 miles]. It lies alJout14h. fiomAdhra'attvulgo, Dra'a:J, he ancientAdraa,or Edrei a little tothe right of a line draxYllrlemthat place to A'bil (Alila); aposition which nearly coillcides xvith liat assi?net1by Eusebiusto Ashtarothn hicll, he saesn s 6 miles fromAelraa, yint, 1)e-tween t and Abila, axlsl 25miles fromBostraThe circumferencef Tel 'Ashtereh s morethan 11alf mile,and its heiglst from 50 to lOO eet. Its lJase s for1zleelf trap-ck; alld its upperpart is colered with a peculiar Elark sh-coloured oil, mingled with stones antl fratnlents )fancientpot-tery, such as are insarialulyound on sites of the most ancientplaces in Syria, and are particulally bservableon the moundsand barrowssv thicklyscattere(lover the plain nonv coupiel lyTurkomans,betveen Antioch anzlAleppo. Near the l)ase ofthis hill, ancient oundations f massisestones,hesn and untlexn,can l)e distinctly raced.In the soil of the sulroun(lingElain, numerous ragmentsfstone anll pottely showthat itis the site of an ancient town,of

* Capt. Newboldsays the Hauran; but this Germallism of Burckllardt hould nothave been left ullalterealby Col. Leal;ev We might, with e(lual propriety, say theMecca, the.Shfinz,hoBeirut, &c. Tile continual recurrellceot such foreiall'i(liolns rnewspapers 1as amiliarize(lowlr arsto the Callcasus atld some writers,wllo OUgllt oltn}v better,write the Taurus, 8tc. Would they say thge novd()n, the Ben Lomon(l-F. S.+ 'Ashtereh,or Ashtarah, s the sillqularot"Ashtarolh.F. S.* Itelan(l, P;llestil-la; . 59S, Col. Leaken n Pref. to Burckhaldt'sSylia, p. xii.

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CRPt.NEWBOLDntheSite of Ashtaroth. 333shichthisTel ormoun(lwas once probablyhe Acropolis. Itssummitpresentsan irregularsurface,now partlyoccupie(lbystone inclosures, hrownup by the Aralesto form sheet)-fokls.Fromthebaseof the mound heregllshforthcopiousandnexer-failingspringsof excellentwater,whicll forma smallree(lypoolandmarsh,affordin an ample supplyfor very arge flocks andherds. In July, 1846, there wrereupwar(ls f 20,000 camelsandmore han50,0()0goatsgrazinghere; as thefinel?asturesfthe sllrroundin^,lainattract mmensenumbersof the 'AnezehArabsthitherdurint,the summermonths. Upwar(lsof 10,000of themthen lay encalnpedroun(lthebase of the moun(l,andlvetweent an(lNrawa. This unfailingsupply"of the clearestwatel,"as ColonelLeake(Pref. p. xii.) justly observesreslect-ing Mezarib,"Inusthave na(le t aplaceof importancen aneienttimes." The approsimate eightof the plainof 'Ashterehaeolrethe sea, as in(licate(lby the l)oilingpoint of sater, is aI)out1300feet.Mezaril),* was informedby the Sheikh,sas formerly alle(lRihani,t and wasbuiltwith materials urrlished y two ancienttowns,SemacllandMangola. The latter s closetoMezaril)ontlle E. In the wall of the castle at Mezaribthereis a Greekinscription,urned opsy-tursy,o the memory f "Quadratiames,son of Diogene>,who was belove(lby a11,anellis ?'(1 eventyyears." Another ragment elates o a buil(ling rectedunderthesupelintendence f DiogenesandBuosichanus.At Saxlameini.e. thets^-omages] tllereis a churchin ruins,the valls of whichcontainfragmentsof the pillarsof a Romantempleandseleralinscriptions.?

* Mezarib s tl-leplural of mizrab-a canal, arlartificial watelcourse.-F. S. It isspelt mezeilibiil the Jih;il-numa(p. 538), alld mezreib n the Marlasikp. 122),f Ril al{ sigl^lifiesragrallt, bounding in Rihan, . . i. e. ocymum, ormarjolam.--F. S.

t SemajalldlWankolah: final is commonlyleronouncedll Syria like ch,and k liloea hardg. The Iirstof thesesoun(ls s borrowedby the Arabs romtheTurks,who, likethe Germans,alsvas give a final medial the souljd of a tezlui.S; r, in otherw()rds,pronouncea firlalsozlant s a s24rd. Ch i3 a sottn(lforeibrrlo the Semitic languagesnbut common n TurkisEl, elsiall, andHill(li.-F. S.? Copiesof seven of theseinscril)tiotls re gitell itl Capt.Newbol;l's pat,er; but asthey have been, with one exce}tioll, all pul)lished,it is lsotllecessary o illsert isenzhere. Six of them are Nos. 4554, 455S, a, b, an(l c, 4556, an(l 4558, ill Raeckil'sCorpus lnscript. Gres. iii. p. 247-249. The seventh s only a small fragmentof anollexvhohatl performed is t)ubli(; uties in a religiou3 maIlLler>



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334 CaPt.NEWBOLD2theSite of AsAtar;th.Routefroml)mascus [DimeshA] o Tel 'Ashtereh.FirstDay, to Sanamein. I H. Bf. Genl. Direct,FromBabu-llah(the Gate of Go(l)to thevillage ofElkadam 0 15Passedsuccessivelythe small and nearlycontiguollsvillageslof Jifteh, E1 Sebeinell, and E1 Sebeirsat(Zebeineh, andS 0 25Zebeinatof Burckhardt),abouta mile to theleft. JA springandrivulet 0 30Cros.s he Nahr-el-berlli [Papyrusriver]runningN.E. to tllelBahretel Merj[MeaflowLake]. VillaDeof E1 Sheraffyeh, 0 15a mile to the right(;entle ascentovera spurof Antilibanus,rurlllingFJ. y N. tothe heights(trap)of Leja?and about 200 feet high. Thisri(lgeseparateshe Ghuteh,orvalley, of Damascusfromthe omole elevatedlandsof Hauran. Thestonytractof War-el S. 30 W.jamus[bufElo'srough-road]ies immediatelyto the leftFromDamascus othefootof thisridge, called E1mefakhkhar[the elevated],thebaseof theplain is a stratumof travertinooftenenclosing fragments,round or angular of subjacetltlimestoneandtrap. A similarformationprevailsin themelj[plain] all roundDamascus.The ridgeconsistsof a marine,chalky,and compact imestoneinvadedand alteredby the greattrapformationofHaGran.Summitof the ridgeswhencethe greatMosqueof DamascuslbearsN. 30?E. The Peak of Jebel El-thetlaya+, at thet 0 32Pass leading from the Aleppo road, bearsN. 4S?E., andJMoulltHermon,W. 80N

Descent to the largevillage of Elkisweh [Kusweh, ll Abu-l-feda,Takwim-ul-buldarl,p. 253] on the left bankof a fine srivulet, 1?1 va; [thewin(ling],whichrunsthroughgardens land grovesof poplarsat d willowsin a N. easterlydirectioll |fromthe Ha.sibiyah mourltairlso the ? Bahiretu-l merj. ' 1 8Crossedby a fine t)avedbridge,in whichtherearefragmentsof columns,&c. Soi],a l'iCh brown oam, interspersedwithroundand angularfraglnentsof basaltand limestoneKisweh,lla conicalpeak(truncate(l oneof trap,2 miles dis-tallt) bearsE. 2fioS., Moult Hermon,W. 16?N.ShortscentfromtheBridte to Shan Dllio-lNuli,STastationo S. 10? Ethe GreatPilgrim-sroad.KhanDhG-l-Nlirl, statiollon the high roadof the Pi]glims. \It is a large, square, castellated Serai, flarlkedby semi-lcirculartowels of basalt. A rivulet, lvhichforInsa marsh 0 40in fiontof the gate,runs towards he E. Thereareremairlsof a causewayof rough-hewnblocksof basalt. }BearingsromKilall Dhu-l-Nun:-Village so calleel distantal)outa mile in the plain, S. 40OE.Kelb HaGranTile Dog of HaGrall],highestpeakin theri(lgeE. of Haulan . . . . S. 2-2?E.* Barada,AbG-l-feda, 230.+ Etleaia,Newbold; Sahnaya,Burokllaldt,p. 43.+ Hasheya, n BurclohartltlldCapt.Newbold*s aper.-F. S.v Probat)lyt shouldbe Buheiret, tlle dimellutiv -of bahret-a lake.-F. S1MisspeltKisweh,by Capt.Newbold. It shoul(lbe proliouncedKuswelj,accord-ll?o Abu-l-feda(Taklvim,253).S Danullof Burokllardt,atldCapt. NewbaldDhG-l-NGIi, plonouncedDhffil-ll-nunSat)breViated illtO Du-n-Ilurl, rldDunun by the commonpeople,who llevergive itspr)persoul(ltothe ]atter dhal (dh), arlelshorten he first syllalule,bythrowing toouch mphasison the last. The name of Dhu-l-Nun, the patriarch f the Sutis, i8heldn greatveneratiorl y all Moslims. (D Herbelot,DAIQUIRIOU')$9)-F.,



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CaPt.NEWBOLDntheSite o.fAshtaroth.335nearillgsfromKhanDhu-l-NGrl-contin2zetl.MourltHermon . . . . . . W. 20?b

KiswehPeak . . . , . due E.ATillageo named . . . . . . N. 32?EFromKisweh he roadpassesolrera partiallycultivate(lplainbounded to the E. by a jaggedrangeof' trapcalled Jebelmanig MoulltHinderele], iom 200 to 600 feet high* andto the )v. by Antilibanus,comilrisingthe steepsof MountHermon isingto nearly900 feet abovethe level of thesea.This greatplainfdownto Bosra alld Salkhad, re3tson anerlormousheetof trap,botll ?esiculalndcompact, butthefirstvarietyis mostprevalent,and illdicatesthe abser}ce fany great pressureluringeruptiorl. The soil of this )lainis browrl f *rariollshades,gerlerallyof a(larkcoSeecolourand rarelyof thedeepblack of thesoil of India. Its sur-face is oftenblackwithfragments f basaltscatteredover till which the irollhasbeeIIgraduallyoxidatedby the actiolof the atmoslJhere,n(lmingledwith disilltegrated ilex andalumen. Thi8at firstformsa dark areersish rown oil, buteventually,hy furtheroxy(lation,becolne3arusty brl)wn, re3alk oSee-coloureelarth,which,whenmixed with lime orxegetablemattermuch decayed,conlrnorlly ecomes larkerornearlyblack.Coltinuing across he plain,theroadpassesneartlle viliage ofLakl, a mile distallt on tlle right, al(l by Kasr Firtal5CPharaoh's astle], called Subbet Fir9aGtleqelivalenttoTel Firsatlrs]by Burckhardt p. 54), a ruined tower on along,^flat-toped allgeof trap,a mile allda half to the rightThis chain is calle(l Jebel Khiyarah,andcontinuessomemiles further o tlleS. rurlningparallelto the Jebel mall;'.This tractis subsequerltly ncurnbere(lwith blocks and bareplateausof basalt,the outgoingsof a largeelyke,with a sllr-face (leeplyscoredand corrugated,ike tbatof recent treamsof lava, as far as Ghabaghib, erroneously] alle(lGhabariby Burokhardt.* It: s a village of about 20 hlluses, nha-bitedby Moslims,allelhas an old khansupportedby pillarsof basalt. The bas-xeliefsover the gatewfajresemble hosefoundon ruinsof tl.e age of the LowerEmpire.The plain is here n marlypaces rocky; and passi-ngMutbirarjdDid. onthe left, we reache(lSarlamein[the twoidols]a village colltairling 0 houses, rihabitedby Moslims. 1JSentrance s encumbele(lby greatblocksof l)asalt.MountHermors ere bears . . . N. 33?30'KelbHaurall . . . . . S. 420E.

SecondDav to Nawa.Overthe plain, partiallvcovereflwitll I)locksof trap, to thevillage of Irskhil Ollkhal,orOlBhal .],contaillingabout 50houses, nhabitedby Moslims,difficultof accessfrombeingplaced ill the milst of bare trap-rocks. The skeletonsofseveral ancient buildings remaill llere Witllfragments ofcoklmresand entablatures,all in the stle of the Lower

Empire.Sanameinbears rnl hence . . . . N. 41?30t EThe plain i8 strewellwith trap-bl(cks ill sihl) * the soil, rust-coloured, partiallycultivated with (lburrah[sorghumvul^gare], as far as the ruins of Omm Turrah(Burokhardt,p. 246), covering arl areaoi abouta quarterof a mile, andconsistillgof foun(lations nd skeletonsof houseswith frag-mentsof pillarsalld small heavybasalt(loors,all similar nstyle to thoseat Ezra, Bosra,&c.

H. M. s Genl.Dirtrt.

S. 32QW.

S.2? W.

7 S. 5? IC.

t. 41t 3()'xy.

* Hisearmistookh forr; a mistake;ery asily



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336 Capt. XWBOLDtaAzeiteof AsAutaroth.H. M. Genl.Direct.Nalvahere l)ear3 . . . < S. 36 W. t

Tel Onbal or OxlkhalLBee or Palm-lJill], a conica;lhill ofs S. 36? TV.trap,witllruinsof foundations ndskeletonsodhouses ornzell5 o 4 0of basalt. JCross tbe road fron Jasim to Shemsekirl.*which lies about2milestotheleft. l 0 28Bterra Obteira?-Otxta', of Bllrokhardt,p. 239], foundationsand skeletoxIsf housestwo storieshigh,tlleupperonesbeirxgsupportedby roundarchesof excellellt masonry, r.lgments 0 44of pillarsscattereel bout, all basalt.hIountHermonbears . . . * N. 15? W.Kelb H?luran . . . . . S. 53? E.The surrouilding ountry is an irreltlar plaill, dotted with 3 57ntlmerou3 els, moun(is,and trurlcate(lones of basalt,cul-tivated Ivearthe villages with wheat and slhllrrah. Thewheathad beell reapedand housed n the latter end of Mayan(l begitlningof June. The dhtlrrahwas now (3uly 2nd)a foot high. The restof the plain, withthe commonhillall(?)alld camel'sthorn [shauku-l-imal]t affordexcellent pasturefor the flocksand camelsof 'AnezehArabs.Acrossthe plain to Nawa . . . . . I 15 S. 36? XV

3 oUllt Hermonbears . . t . N. lOQ W.Over the plaill to SheikhSa'd,-a sairlt'somb on a hill, at asmall (listance,to the right of which tbere is an extensive 1 45 ,S. 1 v? W.ruin.Over the plain and acrossa watercourseo Te1 'Ashtereh 0 40 S. 34? Wv

16 14 1[The wholedistallce, therefore, 3 16 hotlrs14 min., or about 50 miles. In spellillgthe llameSof the places mentione(l rl this paper, Abu-l-fella'sGeolaphy, anel l;iatibChelebi orHaji Khalifah's ihan-numa(Speculum Mursdi), ogetherwvith therAsiaticworks, have been followed, though Capt. Newbold often diSer3 from them ;II hisOrtllograpl1y,s he was evidenttymisle(lby Burokhardt,whoseearoccasionallybetr;Z)(lhim illtO error rom wantof acGess to books,which would haxe heen s;lfe gllides: axlelin the earlier part of his travel3 in Syria, not sufficiently ;lmiliar with Arabic to beaware of such mi3takes. Jt is much to be lamellted thatM. Bianclli's ' rer8ion of theMenasiku-l-hajj,'publishedby thc (;eograpllicalSt)cietyat Paris (Recueil de lroya,,esii. 81), and M. Jaubert'sranslation of; Jdrisi' (Paris, 1836), were iO ha3tilyprepareeii()r the pressas to be disfigure(lby numerots errors. The latter might have beerlmaterially mprovedby a collatiol1of tbe MS.S.at Oxford,one of which s perllaps (:)0years old; aIlel the Metlasikis ill manyplaces copieelfrom the Jihatl-numa,YhiCh iSalways co rect when derivedfrom Asialticauthorities,and might hanebeen asily COII-8ulted at Paris.][Dr. Schutz,Prussianconsulat Jerusalem, gave to Capt.Newboldacopy of the fullowillg nscription tl the interiorof the mosqueerectedover the tomb of Abrahamat Hebron,which he had received rotllaMuslimzn. It is remarkable s havingbeen,with the e2zeeptionf twoproper Ilames,accuratelyranscribed y a Muslimall unlesshe werea

Capriote r Candiote, ome of whom can read as neli as speak Greek;and thoughnot older, )robably,than tl-le fourthor fifthcelltury, f so* Keskilln theBIenasiku-l-haj;,. 122.-F XS.t Perhapshesenamesof plantsareused ll Intlia; they do nof occur n our dic-tionariesullless hauXu-ljlmale syllotlymous itbshauku-l-ba'irs. e.7a thistle.-



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old, it showstllat at tllat earlyperiod he Christians elieved hLs o tethe burial-place f thepatriarch.ArleAseAAMsw"se osaoYt\ONCOYN ^ONTONAHAPHApApHAKAIArA@HM(pONKAiYrlANKAiMAI BIO0N]KA103WMACIANKAIABAAKAKAIANACTAC AN" HolyAbraham,ssisthyservant

Nilus, son of Daniel(?) . . .andAgathemerus, ndHygia,and Omobius ?), andThomasia,and Ablax, andAnastasia."[The dottedletters, thougll distinct in CaptainNewbold's copy, are in part at leastwrong: Omobius anelAblax are (lowllstful; herest s perfectlyclear anzl correct.]

The following stractfrom he Jihin-num (pp. 53S, 539) will clearup somedifficultiesand tllrow someadditiollal ight onthe itinerary fCaptainNewbold, and thatgiven by Burckhardt Sgria,p. 656):-" Whenthe pilgrimshave assenlbled n the nobleDamascus Sham-sherif), the Emir Hajj [commander f the pilgrims],accompaniedy agreatprocession, n the 15th of the mollthof Shawwal, o the Kubbet.ul-hajj [chapelof thepil,,rims],proceeds rom thence to Kusweh: theythen advance n differentparties fromthe 'Akabutu-l-hajjajascent ofthe pilgrims],and meettogetherat Mezeirib." In fact,they go fromKusmteho Dhu-l Null, wherefrumetymadewith sourmilk tterkhaneh]s cookedanddistributedo them, n conse-quenceof a charitable equestmadebyIbnu-l-usna; and at that placea t()ll s leviedon the Mlfuslimilgrims. Then they go on to Sanamein,passing n the :ay by Khalli Zeit. Sanamein s a lTillage elonging othe Kawwas-oghl family of Turkomalls; it is well supplied withNater; and has varsouskinds of birds, an(l the we11-known nimalscalled leeches are caughtin its reedy pools and carried for sale tol)amascus. The pilgrims hen go on to Te1Fir'aun,and afterwardsoGhabAghib,here there is a tower built b) SultanSelltu. Here thepilgrimsof the Kanvwas-oghluamily,whose tents (direkler)estend allthe maybetxeen Dhu-l-Nun and Sanarnein, re waitingfor the rest.FromSanamein hey go to ZIezeirib,passing n theirwaythe streamatD1leh,*vherehere s a spring, and atMezeirib theymust wait till theEmir HAjjcomesup."" htezeirib,which is in tlle coantryof Haurall,has a spring; StlltanSel1mbuilt a castlethere: and as soon as the pilgrimshave arrived,market(bazar) s established,and they halt there five or ten days, ormore. Ketibeh Keth1nehnurckh.], ring to the S.W. of WIezeirib,has many springSand strearns,but it is in the opposite directionThence, Ollthe it-Iauranide of the road, they proceed,half a dav'sjourneydistant, to Ezra'^t,*where there are wells with water. From

* Eelhra-at,tlAbB'l-l-{e(l; Dlaa, ill Burc;lellar(lt,. 241.

CaPt.NEWEOLDZZAte ite ofAshtaroth. 337



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thenCeDheYrOCeedOMafrakS.E.OfSd1khad,n eVe1rOUnd,Utwaterless. Sometimes, romfearof floods,theydo not haltat Ezra'at.From3XIafrakheygo to Zarka WadlZarkaof Burekhardt, . 249),where here s runllin^, ater,with a ruinedcastTealledKal'at.u-l-azrak[blue castle], with severalstreams,and date-trees. It is one dav'sjourney o the N.E.']-F. S.

XX. Volcanoof SaddEes7and.-Being an extract from theLog of H.C. steam-vessel ' Victoria,' Lieut. W. C. BARKER,Commander. Communicatedby the Court of Directors of theHon. East India Company.F R DAY,A USUSt4, 1846. AM : Fresh l)reeze and thick cloudyweather. Daylight:Ti)ickcloudyweather. Passing heZelJayerIslandat lOh30m, observe(l verythreatening ppearanceo the^restward;madeall snug; securedguns on board,boats, &c.;yeryvivid ightning,followedby distinct houghdistant hunder.Observe(lmokeissuing romthe summitof SaddleIsland,thewesternmost entral slandof the Zebayergroup, n a (lensesul-phurous-lookingloud,till the thicknessof the weathershut it

from view, 1Oh 30m. A very heavysquall from the *vest-north-west, ccolnpaniedith thunderan(l lightning, with vervheavJrain. Noon: Stronggusts antlrisingsea; shippinyheavyseas;passedhe steamer Hindostan;'bearint,sNorthernZebayerIslan(l Haycock)N.N E. about ourmiles. P.M.:Thesvind ud-denlydied away;weatherclearingup; andagainfreshene(l p.Strongbreeze,withdarkcloudyweather;incessantain. 3h 5m:'rhe QuoinRocli bore E.S.E.; squally unsettled veather.Sun-set: Thickcloutly*veather,ith heavyrain.Zh 15m: Jibl)elTlrHit,h Peak E.iS. Sh: Freshbreezeandcloudy,withheavy ain.Muchlightning o the northward.Midnight:dittoweather.The Zebayer slands,of which Satldle Island is one, arein1537tN. and42 1Q' C. They are all of volcanicorigin; butthere s neitherrecordnortra(lition f theirhavingbeenin activeoperation. Jibbel Tir, in 15c32' N., 41?55' E., was obsersreflto be smokingwhenvisite(lbytheofficers f the ' Benares,'duringthe surveyof the Red Sea, but never since. There is a traditionamont the Arab pilots of its having been on firesince fifty 57earsago. It bearsthe nameof Jil)bel Dukhan (Hill of Smoke) amongmanyof them. It certainlyhas the appearanceof havingbeen inactive operation at a much later periou than the Zebayer Islands.Eserytiling regaraling these islands is of great importancetothe navigationof the Red Sea, as they are right in the track ofvessels proceeding up arlddown.

thenCeDheYrOCeedOMafrakS.E.OfSd1khad,n eVe1rOUnd,Utwaterless. Sometimes, romfearof floods,theydo not haltat Ezra'at.From3XIafrakheygo to Zarka WadlZarkaof Burekhardt, . 249),where here s runllin^, ater,with a ruinedcastTealledKal'at.u-l-azrak[blue castle], with severalstreams,and date-trees. It is one dav'sjourney o the N.E.']-F. S.

XX. Volcanoof SaddEes7and.-Being an extract from theLog of H.C. steam-vessel ' Victoria,' Lieut. W. C. BARKER,Commander. Communicatedby the Court of Directors of theHon. East India Company.F R DAY,A USUSt4, 1846. AM : Fresh l)reeze and thick cloudyweather. Daylight:Ti)ickcloudyweather. Passing heZelJayerIslandat lOh30m, observe(l verythreatening ppearanceo the^restward;madeall snug; securedguns on board,boats, &c.;yeryvivid ightning,followedby distinct houghdistant hunder.Observe(lmokeissuing romthe summitof SaddleIsland,thewesternmost entral slandof the Zebayergroup, n a (lensesul-phurous-lookingloud,till the thicknessof the weathershut it

from view, 1Oh 30m. A very heavysquall from the *vest-north-west, ccolnpaniedith thunderan(l lightning, with vervheavJrain. Noon: Stronggusts antlrisingsea; shippinyheavyseas;passedhe steamer Hindostan;'bearint,sNorthernZebayerIslan(l Haycock)N.N E. about ourmiles. P.M.:Thesvind ud-denlydied away;weatherclearingup; andagainfreshene(l p.Strongbreeze,withdarkcloudyweather;incessantain. 3h 5m:'rhe QuoinRocli bore E.S.E.; squally unsettled veather.Sun-set: Thickcloutly*veather,ith heavyrain.Zh 15m: Jibl)elTlrHit,h Peak E.iS. Sh: Freshbreezeandcloudy,withheavy ain.Muchlightning o the northward.Midnight:dittoweather.The Zebayer slands,of which Satldle Island is one, arein1537tN. and42 1Q' C. They are all of volcanicorigin; butthere s neitherrecordnortra(lition f theirhavingbeenin activeoperation. Jibbel Tir, in 15c32' N., 41?55' E., was obsersreflto be smokingwhenvisite(lbytheofficers f the ' Benares,'duringthe surveyof the Red Sea, but never since. There is a traditionamont the Arab pilots of its having been on firesince fifty 57earsago. It bearsthe nameof Jil)bel Dukhan (Hill of Smoke) amongmanyof them. It certainlyhas the appearanceof havingbeen inactive operation at a much later periou than the Zebayer Islands.Eserytiling regaraling these islands is of great importancetothe navigationof the Red Sea, as they are right in the track ofvessels proceeding up arlddown.

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On the Site of Ashtaroth (January 1, 1846)

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